SEMINAR TOPICS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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ELECTRONIC NOSE

Introduction
Over the last decade, electronic sensing or e-sensing technologies have undergone important developments from a technical and commercial point of view. The expression electronic sensing refers to the capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition systems. For the last 15 years as of 2007, research has been conducted to develop technologies, commonly referred to as electronic nose, that could detect and recognize odors and flavors. An electronic nose is a device intended to detect odours or flavour. The stages of the recognition process are similar to human olfaction and are performance for identification, comparison, quantification and other applications.

Electronic Nose working principle

The electronic nose was developed in order to mimic human olfaction that functions as a nonseparative mechanism: i.e. an odour / flavour is perceived as a global fingerprint. Electronic Noses include three major parts: a sample delivery system, a detection system, a computing system. The sample delivery system enables the generation of the headspace (volatile compounds) of a sample, which is the fraction analyzed. The system then injects this headspace into the detection system of the electronic nose. The sample delivery system is essential to guarantee constant operating conditions.The detection system, which consists of a sensor set, is the reactive part of the instrument. When in contact with volatile compounds, the sensors react, which means they experience a change of electrical properties. Each sensor is sensitive to all

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SEMINAR TOPICS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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volatile molecules but each in their specific way. Most electronic noses use sensor-arrays that react to volatile compounds on contact: the adsorption of volatile compounds on the sensor surface causes a physical change of the sensor. A specific response is recorded by the electronic interface transforming the signal into a digital value. Recorded data are then computed based on statistical models.The more commonly used sensors include metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), conducting polymers (CP), quartz crystal microbalance, surface acoustic wave (SAW), and field effect transistors (MOSFET). In recent years, other types of electronic noses have been developed that utilize mass spectrometry or ultra fast gas chromatography as a detection system. The computing system works to combine the responses of all of the sensors, which represents the input for the data treatment. This part of the instrument performs global fingerprint analysis and provides results and representations that can be easily interpreted. To perform analysis, an electronic nose need to be trained with qualified samples so as to build a database of reference. Then the instrument can recognize new samples by comparing volatile compounds fingerprint to those contained in its database. Thus they can perform qualitative or quantitative analysis.

Range of applications
Electronic nose instruments are used by Research & Development laboratories, Quality Control laboratories and process & production departments for various purposes: In R&D laboratories for:

Formulation or reformulation of products. Benchmarking with competitive products. Shelf life and stability studies. Selection of raw materials.

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Packaging interaction effects. Simplification of consumer preference test.

In Quality Control laboratories for line quality control such as:

Conformity of raw materials, intermediate and final products. Batch to batch consistency. Detection of contamination, spoilage, adulteration. Origin or vendor selection. Monitoring of storage conditions.

In process and production departments for:

Managing raw material variability. Comparison with a reference product. Measurement and comparison of the effects of manufacturing process on products. Following-up cleaning in place process efficiency. Scale-up monitoring. Cleaning in place monitoring.

Recent Advances
Detection of perineal odours associated with oestrus in cows. Detection of lung cancer in humans. NASA uses enose for detecting ammonia leakage in spacecrafts.

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SEMINAR TOPICS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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