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Material Model Calibration Using Abaqus and HEEDS 2007

Sophisticated material models that use many parameters can present a challenging calibration task. Optimization techniques can be employed to determine suitable parameter values. In this Technology Brief, HEEDS, an optimization tool developed by Red Cedar Technology, will be used in conjunction with Abaqus to determine the parameters needed to model the viscoelastic behavior of a rate-dependent vinyl material.

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103 views

Material Model Calibration Using Abaqus and HEEDS 2007

Sophisticated material models that use many parameters can present a challenging calibration task. Optimization techniques can be employed to determine suitable parameter values. In this Technology Brief, HEEDS, an optimization tool developed by Red Cedar Technology, will be used in conjunction with Abaqus to determine the parameters needed to model the viscoelastic behavior of a rate-dependent vinyl material.

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Abaqus Technology Brief

TB-07-HEEDS-1 Revised: September 2007 .

Material Model Calibration Using Abaqus and HEEDS


Summary The ability of a finite element simulation to accurately capture the behavior of a structure strongly depends on the chosen material model. Not only must it be applicable to the given class of materials and intended application, it must be properly calibrated. Sophisticated material models that use many parameters can present a challenging calibration task. Optimization techniques can be employed to determine suitable parameter values. In this Technology Brief, HEEDS, an optimization tool developed by Red Cedar Technology, will be used in conjunction with Abaqus to determine the parameters needed to model the viscoelastic behavior of a rate-dependent vinyl material. Background Certain experimental tests, such as uniaxial tension or planar shear, produce homogeneous deformation modes that can be described analytically. The equations that describe the deformation can be used with the test data to calibrate a material model. Calibration of a material model to match test data from a non-homogeneous deformation mode is more difficult, as an analytical representation is typically not available. One method that can be used in this case is optimization. Elastomers can exhibit significant rate dependence and are often modeled using a combination of viscoelasticity and nonlinear elasticity. The material considered in this study is vinyl and the response will be simulated in Abaqus using the combination of a hyperelastic material to capture the quasi-static response, and a linear viscoelastic material to capture rate effects. In this Technology Brief, the use of the HEEDS optimization software in conjunction with Abaqus is demonstrated for the calibration of the linear viscoelastic model. Analysis Approach The hyperelastic and viscoelastic material models are calibrated separately. The hyperelastic model parameters are determined exclusively with Abaqus, while the viscoelastic model is calibrated with Abaqus and HEEDS. The HEEDS optimization software package is used to automate the iterative execution of a sequence of Abaqus simulations. After each Abaqus analysis, the predicted response is compared to the experimental data.

Key Abaqus Features and Benefits Extensive catalog of material models, including hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity Ability to run Abaqus in conjunction with HEEDS to allow material parameter optimization

New values of the material parameters are determined via the HEEDS SHERPA algorithm. The Abaqus model is updated and executed again, and the cycle continues until the error between the predicted and experimentally measured responses becomes sufficiently small. Hyperelastic Calibration The hyperelastic model is calibrated in Abaqus/CAE with quasi-static tension and volumetric test data. Several strain energy potential forms are available in Abaqus; for the current study, the Marlow model is chosen for its ability to reproduce the test data exactly. The response of the Marlow model is shown in Fig. 1.

For solid elastomers, a reasonable assumption can be made that there are no rate effects in the dilatational response; that is, we can set the volumetric Prony parameters ki = 0. The other Prony series parameters gi, i are identified as the optimization parameters. For simplicity, a one term Prony series model is considered for the study, although any number of parameters may be considered. The work flow for optimization is defined and automated in the HEEDS Modeler GUI. The optimization process is displayed graphically in Figure 4. A parametric script file drives Abaqus to run simulations at various loading rates. The two parameters g1, 1 are specified in an Abaqus input deck template and as the parameters are updated during the optimization, HEEDS creates a new input deck with the updated parameters and submits the corresponding Abaqus analysis. Fig 1: Comparison of Abaqus results with quasi-static uniaxial test data The results from the simulation are compared to test data using a least-squares error computed with a Python script. A single cumulative least-squares value for all the different rate curves is calculated. The least-squares error is used in HEEDS as the objective function to minimize. The results of the Abaqus analyses using the final values of g1, 1 at the two loading rates are shown in Figure 3.

Viscoelastic calibration The linear viscoelastic portion of the material model is calibrated with bonded compression test data. The compression test is performed with the top and bottom surfaces of a cubical specimen bonded to rigid plates. As a result, the stress field is non homogenous with no analytical description. The test is performed at various rates, and strain rates of 10/s and 100/s are considered for the calibration process. The test is simulated in Abaqus with a 1/8th symmetry model and a quasi-static solution procedure. A side view of the mesh is shown in Figure 2.

Fig 3: Comparison of bonded compression test data with Abaqus results Conclusions The HEEDS optimization software package can be used with Abaqus to determine material model parameters that may otherwise be difficult to calibrate. Successful calibration of a linear viscoelastic material model for the behavior of vinyl has been demonstrated.

Fig 2: Abaqus finite element mesh, undeformed (top) and deformed (bottom)

HEEDS Automated Process

Modify values of material model

Execute the Abaqus Standard solver to predict structural responses

Determine new values of the material model parameters based on the HEEDS SHERPA optimization algorithm

Extract stress and strain responses from Abaqus output database file using Python script

Calculate RMS error between experimental and predicted stress-strain response using Python script

No

Converged? Yes Terminate run

Fig 4: Automated Workflow for Optimization

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Red Cedar Technology Inc. for providing valuable assistance during the course of this work. References 1. HEEDS Users Manual, Red Cedar Technology, 2006. Abaqus References For additional information on the Abaqus capabilities referred to in this brief please see the following Abaqus 6.11 documentation references: Analysis Users Manual Hyperelastic behavior of rubberlike materials, Section 21.5.1 Time domain viscoelasticity, Section 21.7.1

About SIMULIA SIMULIA is the Dassault Systmes brand that delivers a scalable portfolio of Realistic Simulation solutions including the Abaqus product suite for Unified Finite Element Analysis, multiphysics solutions for insight into challenging engineering problems, and lifecycle management solutions for managing simulation data, processes, and intellectual property. By building on established technology, respected quality, and superior customer service, SIMULIA makes realistic simulation an integral business practice that improves product performance, reduces physical prototypes, and drives innovation. Headquartered in Providence, RI, USA, with R&D centers in Providence and in Suresnes, France, SIMULIA provides sales, services, and support through a global network of over 30 regional offices and distributors. For more information, visit www.simulia.com
The 3DS logo, SIMULIA, Abaqus and the Abaqus logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Dassault Systmes or its subsidiaries, which include Abaqus, Inc. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Copyright 2007 Dassault Systmes

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