06 3 Roadmap To CPFR
06 3 Roadmap To CPFR
You will probably do several collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) pilots with different objectivesearly implementations emphasizing organization, later ones exploring collaboration. Companies may want to jump into CPFR pilots by following only parts of the map, depending on their starting point. The learning curve is steep, and change is an effort but knowledge gained is significant. Piloting adapts to a companys scale, and the VICS CPFR Roadmap takes you there.
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Roadmap to CPFR
Introduction
Youve read the VICS CPFR Guidelines. You have circulated it among colleagues and executives. Youve attended conferences and have identified potential partnersand skeptics. So what steps do you take to implement CPFR and demonstrate how it can increase sales and reduce costs? Many organizations would like to implement collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR). Piloting can help organizations understand the benefits of CPFR, document changes required for the further expansion, and develop strategies for overcoming obstacles. This section is designed to help companies answer the question, How do I get started? The VICS CPFR Guidelines identified the processes that comprise CPFR, from the creation of a Front-End Agreement through Business Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment. This VICS CPFR Roadmap is not meant to replace that work. Instead, it supplements it with basic steps that help you get started with CPFR, test it with a trading partner, and develop rollout plans. This VICS CPFR Roadmap is a path from awareness of CPFR opportunities to making implementation plans. Based on the CPFR process model in the VICS CPFR Guidelines, it aligns you and your trading partner to common objectives, and guides you together through forecast exchange, exception management, and the review of performance results. Both partners gain
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a clear understanding of the potential for rolling out CPFR practices throughout their organizations. The VICS CPFR Roadmap is divided into five steps: Step 1: Evaluate Your Current State Step 2: Define Scope and Objectives Step 3: Prepare for Collaboration Step 4: Execute Step 5: Assess Results and Identify Improvements
The VICS CPFR Roadmap provides ready-to-use templates that can be customized for different partnerships. The Roadmap also provides a checklist for each step to ensure all critical items have been completed.
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CPFR begins long before piloting, with an assessment of your companys needs, values, culture, strategies, trading partner relationships, and track record in implementing best practices. This step looks for areas where change is needed to implement CPFR successfully. Only after this step is done will your company be prepared to articulate a meaningful vision for CPFR. In addition, the senior leadership of your company must not only understand the concept of CPFR, but also openly offer their support.
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Greater Sales The close collaboration needed for CPFR implementation drives the planning for an improved business plan between buyer and seller. The strategic business advantage directly translates to increased category sales. Category Management Before beginning CPFR, both parties inspect shelf positioning and exposure for targeted SKUs to ensure adequate days of supply, and proper exposure to the consumer. This scrutiny will result in improved shelf positioning and facings through sound category management. Improved Product Offering Before CPFR implementation, the buyer and seller collaborate on a mutual product scheme that includes SKU evaluation and additional product opportunities.
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Roadmap to CPFR
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Improved Overall ROI As other processes improve, the return on investment from CPFR can be substantial. Increased Customer Satisfaction With fewer out-of-stocks resulting from better planning information, higher store service levels will prevail, offering greater consumer satisfaction.
Consider these questions to learn if your company is ready for CPFR: Does your company have a culture that values cooperation and communication between its departments and with its trading partners? For a CPFR partnership to succeed, there must be a commitment to work with and share information between functional areas and between trading partners. Many companies recognize room for improvement here, but both recognizing it and committing to make progress is an overwhelming indicator of the future success of both CPFR and other business partnerships. Information sharing brings strength that technology alone cannot provide. Has your company implemented other industry best practices? Companies that have adopted industry best practices, such as standard product identification (UPC or EAN-13), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), and the basic principles of Quick Response or Efficient Consumer Response already understand both their implications and benefits. Companies that have designed a VMI or CRP group have also gained valuable learning applicable to CPFR. Is using information technology to solve business challenges a company priority? CPFR has been piloted with relatively little technology assistance. However, once a pilot proves a business case, implementing CPFR on a broader scale may become more effective when technology is applied. CPFR sponsorship by senior management becomes particularly important at this point, as CPFR may be viewed as competition for IT resources. Given proven results, however, it will become evident that CPFR complements IT priorities.
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The Internet offers an opportunity to improve both internal and external business communications. Whether using the Internet simply as a vehicle to expedite shared information or to use software, CPFR is a prime example of how Internet technology can be used to enhance business-to-business relationships. Develop Your Companys CPFR Vision Before implementation, your company needs a CPFR vision statement. CPFR is a business process that gives continuity to the strategies and tactics of category management, integrating your company goals throughout the supply chain. A well thought out vision answers these questions: What are your companys objectives for CPFR? What areas of the organization will be impacted, and how? How will success be measured? What will be the scope of the project? Which product lines will be included? How many stores and DCs will be included? How many trading partners will you bring on board in order to have a significant impact? What is the level of technical sophistication of your company and your trading partners? What is the long-term market position of your trading partners? What corporate stance will you develop for press releases? How will you document the vision?
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Roadmap to CPFR
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Do you and your trading partner have complementary strengths and weaknesses? Think of what each partner can bring to the CPFR initiative. For example, one may be strong technologically, providing the majority of the technology infrastructure. The other may be strong in market and consumer knowledge, and through the CPFR relationship be able to provide this strength. Be cautious not to assume that your largest trading partner is the most likely candidate. Does your trading partner have the appropriate commitment and resources required to make CPFR successful?
Without a strong commitment to CPFR, its potential will not be realized. Does your trading partner have experience with CPFR with another partner? Build on learning. Even though development time may be greatly reduced by leveraging the learning already gained through your partners previous efforts, the template for each new partnership will probably be different. Can your trading partner quantify the potential internal and external benefits? CPFR requires a paradigm shift from an adversarial stance to a win-win relationship, as well as the working together by departments that may have never communicated directly or effectively in the past.
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score. Primary differences were documented along with the rationale for the score in each area. The additional scoring rationale provided critical input to improve the process for each element. When averaged and viewed in the overall context of the scoring grid, the raw scores identified the relative strength of each of the four CPFR process areas. The overall information enabled the partners to set priorities for which CPFR processes to improve. At the detailed level, the individual scores and comments provided the information to identify specific actions needed to improve the score on the particular element. This assessment process is a method to identify areas that need immediate attention or that could be sequenced later in CPFR process improvement. The key to this assessment process is understanding two critical aspects of CPFR: 1. All four process areas identified in the assessment must be maximized to fully realize the benefits of CPFR. 2. Partnering companies have the flexibility to decide the priority in which key CPFR processes will be worked on and improved.
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Roadmap to CPFR
Step
After you create a CPFR Vision, you are ready to begin piloting. Step 2 requires: 1. Gaining commitment from your trading partner. 2. Assigning team members and establishing their roles. 3. Selecting products and locations that will be included in the process. 4. Deciding which part(s) of the nine-step CPFR process to test. 5. Establishing key performance metrics to measure the initiatives success. This is truly the implementation of the CPFR Front-End Agreement as designed in the VICS CPFR Guidelines.
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Preparations
The project begins by engaging at least one agreeable trading partner. To keep the pilot manageable, no more than five trading partners should be involved.
or more individuals who can participate in the initiative at least 10 hours each week. One team member from each side is assigned to each of these three areas:
Sales Collaboration
The sales collaboration team is responsible for establishing sales forecasts, promotion plans, collecting and reporting sales results. The team is also responsible for recommending and implementing changes to the replenishment system. The replenishment team determines the order forecast, and collects actual order and inventory information.
Replenishment
Customer Service Manager, Forecast Analyst, Order Management Analyst IT Coordinator, Project Manager, Systems Manager
Collaboration Technology
The collaboration technology team sets up the collaboration environment, monitors technology effectiveness, and evaluates technical rollout requirements.
Table 1
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The management sponsors may also include an external project facilitator (systems integrator, software vendor, or network services provider) whose prior experience can help guide the project team. The management sponsors select a team captain for daily management of the project.
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Project Kickoff
Once the project sponsors identify team members and roles, the project is formally initiated with a kickoff meeting.
Roadmap to CPFR
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During the scope- and objective-setting sections of the meeting, discuss adjustments to the basic pilot implementation approach that the team would like to consider, and document them carefully. Schedule a one-day CPFR/collaboration technology training session for all team members (except sponsors) within two weeks of the kickoff meeting. All team members attend recap meetings at the conclusion of project steps 2, 3, and 4. These meetings should be in-person, though they may also be conducted
as conference calls.
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forecast quality. This is critical, since a high-quality forecast on the front end greatly reduces the amount future exception communication. Identify a process for determining both sales and in-stock inventory positions for each SKUs/location(s) that will be included in the project. (This information can be collected and entered from other systems, or manually, if necessary.) Capture baseline data in order to determine if you have met your objectives. Identify where the best forecast data resides and how it can be used for the project. Use SKUs where historical data is available.
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Template Objective-Setting
Set performance metrics. The project should focus on increasing forecast and planning accuracy, reducing both safety stock requirements and out-of-stock conditions. The team sets targets for these measures relative to performance in the same period a year earlier (or some other comparable period). Here is a sample set of objectives: 15% increase in forecast accuracy (from 60% to 75%) 10% reduction in supply chain inventory (from 2000 cases to 1800 cases) 3-5% increase in retail in-stock position (from 90% in-stock to 94%) When setting objectives, consider how the data will be collected. One common example is total supply chain inventory. Often, manufacturers do not tally inventory by customer, so assessing total supply chain inventory may be difficult. Dont be discouraged. Work with what you have. In this example, a manufacturer may be able to provide good estimates on inventory by analyzing how its total inventory for each item is affected.
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and out-of-stock targets have been established. Sources of forecast data have been identified. CPFR training session and future project team meetings have been scheduled.
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In Step 3, the project team studies the details of the CPFR business process, and identifies the technology and additional resources required to support it. Sales and replenishment team members develop ground rules for managing exceptions and changes. Collaboration technology team members install and configure the information systems (purchased, developed, or simple spreadsheets and e-mails) used to support collaboration between partner pilot teams. At the end of this step, collaboration is ready to begin.
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The second session trains team members how to use the selected technology to review exceptions, revise forecasts, and monitor scorecard measures. Training concludes with an on-line simulation of a trading scenario, using the selected technology to interact. Collaboration Technology Team members take an additional day of training on technology administration and integration.
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Configuration
Once the sales and replenishment collaboration team members are trained, they begin to prepare their forecasts and exception thresholds. Meanwhile, collaboration technology team members set up collaboration technology and integration interfaces.
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purchase-order-to-store replenishment cycle time is one week, and the sales forecast is for weeks 9-14 of the project, then the order forecast should be for weeks 8-13. Additional weeks can be added to support inventory builds and other logistics to support the sales plan. Set exception thresholds. For example thresholds could be at 5% change in base demand, 15% change in promotional demand. Share the order forecast among trading partners. Exceptions are triggered based upon changes to this forecast, regardless of who makes them.
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To complete Step 3, team members should meet to review their readiness for on-line collaboration. By the meeting date, the team should have agreed upon an initial forecast for the collaboration period, and the collaboration software should be up and running with the required products, locations, and initial forecast values entered.
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Step
In Step 4, the sales and replenishment collaboration teams begin to exchange forecasts with each other, modifying them to respond to changing conditions. The collaboration technology team gains experience managing the environment, and prepares for rollout to a large number of locations and projects after the pilot is complete.
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A partner who disagrees with a proposed forecasted value counter-proposes a change, along with comments. Counter-proposals are made within five business days. If a partner does not receive a counter-proposal within that time, the proposal is accepted. The order forecast owner is the final arbiter of forecast values. After rounds of three changes, only the order forecast owner can change a forecast.
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Determine which other application data feeds will be required to maintain up-to-date product, location, and partner master data. Evaluate the level of effort required to integrate these sources with the collaboration software. Determine which applications require or provide forecast information for the range of products and locations to be covered in a general rollout. Evaluate the level of effort required to integrate these sources to the collaboration software for import/export. Configure the corporate firewall and web servers to allow secure access by CPFR trading partners. Identify the number of core users (planners), occasional users (management, warehouse personnel, sales people), support personnel, and administrators. Estimate training requirements for the proposed user base. Develop a technology rollout timeline, including procurement, installation, integration, training, and mobilization of support resources.
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Roadmap to CPFR
Collaboration Review
After about four weeks of collaboration, the project team meets to discuss progress, problems, and changes. The team then takes an additional two weeks of collaboration to determine whether adjustments have an impact.
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from the first four weeks to improving the process in the final two weeks. Results have been reviewed with the Project Sponsor.
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In Step 5, the team and its management review its progress, report results to their respective organizations, and make preparations for broader CPFR rollout.
Partnership Review
Every six to 12 weeks of collaboration, the business team reviews actual results against the target metrics. The team also considers the business process impact of their partnership.
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Compare total in-stock inventory at distribution centers and stores per product with that for the year-ago period. Adjust for changes in the number of products and stores, and note whether the balance of inventory has shifted up or down the supply chain. Compare the number of store-level out-of-stock events with those for the year-ago period. Calculate relative to the in-stock percentage per SKU. Identify the number of exceptions and their root cause. Add any other measures that seem significant after the collaboration period. Has there been significant sales growth in the category? Were there special external conditions (weather, new competitors, product changeovers, promotional merchandise, store openings/closings, staff changes) that affected results? How can these factors be accounted for in the future? For a sample copy of the pilot team scorecard, see Appendix F.
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should be added? Training requirements, organizational changes, project costs, and rollout time frames should all be estimated. After a successful pilot, there are a number of ways to expand CPFR, and numerous areas you would want to test and learn about:
Expanding CPFR
Add SKUs
Figure 1
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1. Expand to other CPFR processes If the CPFR implementation focused on joint business planning and sales forecasting, expand to order forecasting collaboration 2. Add SKUs If the CPFR implementations initially focused on a limited set of items, increase the gains by expanding to other product categories 3. Increase the level of detail If the implementation focused on warehouse-level information, better results can be achieved by moving to store-level information. 4. Automate the process Although few of the companies that have initiated CPFR have had to add human resources to complete their implementation, automating the collaboration process will produce increased gains. The vision of CPFR is one of managing forecasts by exception, which can best be achieved through an automated processespecially when the number of products and trading partners increases. 5. Add trading partners The benefits gained from collaborating with one or a small number of trading partners can be extended to more trading partners, depending on the relationship with, culture, and capabilities of each partner. Even before a critical mass is achieved, there are benefits to each relationship. 6. Integrate the results The benefits of CPFR are fully realized only when the outputs of the collaborative processes are integrated with the internal processes at both companies. For a seller or supplier, this means using the collaborative forecast in the production planning, capacity planning, and materials requirements planning processes, as well as financial planning processes. For the buyer or retailer, this means integrating the collaborative forecast into buying, merchandising, replenishment, and financial planning processes.
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Reporting Results
The project team should publish a joint project report that allows others in each partner organization to understand the impact and potential for collaboration. The initial CPFR experience contributes greatly to a successful general rollout.
2. Project Scope, Objectives, and Resources 3. Business Process Results 4. Collaboration Technology Results 5. Next Steps 6. Organization-Specific Plans Executive Summary provides a high-level overview of the project. Project scope, Objectives, and Resources discusses the original conditions and changes that were made as a result of the initial CPFR experience. Business Process Results reports results against key metrics. Collaboration Technology Results describes how information technology supported the projects objectives. Next Steps suggests future collaborations between the partners, including the business and technology rollout plans. Organization-Specific Plans are private to each organizations version of the report. They can include proposals to expand collaboration to other trading partners, projected costs, organizational impact, and preliminary project plans. The team captain creates a summary presentation to supplement the project report.
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