PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, managing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve

specific goals. A project is a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables), undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast with business as usual (or operations), which are repetitive, permanent, or semi-permanent functional activities to produce products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and management strategies. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals and objectives while honoring the preconceived constraints. Typical constraints (scarce resources) are scope, time, and budget. The secondary and more ambitious challenge is to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and integrate them to meet pre-defined objectives

Traditional management A project initiated with the expectation that it will take a certain period of time before it will generate positive cash flow. Projects that have a high degree of certainty and a short timeframe for completion are best suited for conventional project management. types of traditional project I Ii Iii - Lump Sum Contracts - Measurement Contracts - Cost reimbursement Contracts

The role of traditional method 1.Contractor free to use any means and methods to complete work. 2.Contractor responsible for proper work performance. 3.Work must be very well defined at bid time. 4.Fully developed plans and specifications required. 5.Owners financial risk low and fixed at outset.

6.Contractor has greater ability for profit. Advantages Traditional management 1.It is conventional, it is accepted and recognized that it works and that all parties are able to function in their designated roles towards completion of the project. It is time honored and widely understood. 2.It allows the Employer to choose Consultants who will be specialists in their field and among the best available. 3. It allows the Employer time and the ability to develop and express his requirements, in consultation with his consultant and to ensure that the documents fully describe these requirements

Turnkey management A turnkey contract is a business arrangement in which a project is delivered in a completed state. Rather than contracting with an owner to develop a project in stages, the developer is hired to finish the entire project without owner input. The builder or developer is separate from the final owner or operator, and the project is turned over only once it is fully operational. In effect, the developer is finishing the project and turning the key over to the new owner. This type of arrangement is commonly used for construction projects ranging from single buildings to large-scale developments. Under a traditional lump-sum contract, the owner agrees to pay the developer to complete a project that is built to the owner's specifications. The owner is given many opportunities to make decisions throughout the project, and to make changes as needed. In a turnkey contract, the owner is generally left out of the building process entirely as the developer handles all decisions and problems related to construction. A turnkey contract may also be used in the residential home building industry. With a turnkey agreement, a builder or developer completes both the construction and the finishes in the home before turning it over to the homeowner. The homeowner is often offered a chance to select finishes, including curtains, paint colors and carpeting.

The role of turnkey manager Turnkey is responsible for managing all aspects of turnkey projects, w/ direct responsibility for project execution while leading team to accomplish specific objectives in given time frame & with available resources 2. Also responsible for administration, implementation, & management of control projects and accountable for assigned projects' scope of work, schedule, & budget. Responsible for the administration, implementation, and management of turnkey projects Responsible for site safety and cost controls. Controls expenses by monitoring assigned project budget.

Advantages turnkey manager 1) Low financial risk to Owner. 2) High financial risk to Contractor. 3) Know cost at outset. 4) Minimum Owner supervision related to quality and schedule.

5) Contractor should assign best personnel due to maximum financial motivation to achieve early completion and superior performance. 6) Contractor selection is relatively easy

Disadvantages turnkey manager ) Changes difficult and costly. 2) Early project start not possible due to need to complete design prior to bidding. 3) Contractor free to choose lowest cost means, methods, and materials consistent with the specifications. Only minimum specifications will be provided.

Design and build management The term Design and Build refers to the procurement strategy that entails the contractor carrying out the work; the design works as well as the construction and completion of the work. It is a form of building procurement whereby the contractor will design and construct the project. A Design and Build contract is one in which a single entity, usually a contractor assumes responsibility for the design in whole or in part and for the construction and completion of a construction project. Turner (1990) and Jansen (1991) supported that Design and Build contractor is supplying the procurement option of buying a finished building. While according to Masterman (1992) the term Design and Build has almost been unanimously interpreted and defined as being an arrangement where one contracting organization takes sole responsibility, normally on a lump sum fixed price basis, for the bespoke design and construction of a clients project. This contains three main elements: the responsibility for design and construction, contractors reimbursement is generally by means of a fixed price lump sum and the project is designed and built specifically to meet the clients needs. Furthermore, according to David Chappell (1997), Design and Build contracts place responsibility for both design and erection in the hands of the contractor one point of responsibility for everything. In this system contractor will carry out two functions: design and construct.

The roles of design and build project manager 1. The Project Manager has full responsibility for ensuring that the client's requirements are met, the project is completed on time and within budget and that all supplier sand/or contractors are completing tasks with the given timeline. 2. Also responsible for maintaining profitable margins on all projects at quotation stage, monitoring budgets, through to worldwide and nationwide travel to on site handover of each project. 3.Daily running of all projects to include: Creating new timeline deadlines to be circulated to team. 4.Managing the timeline document to ensure all deadline dates are being met by client. 5.Placing of all site service orders where applicable Advantages of design and build project manager 1- The contractor has singular responsibility for both construction and design defects. The owner can recover directly from the contractor for deficiencies in either design or construction of the project. 2- the contractor bears any additional costs that may occur as a result of using defective or inadequate plans prepared by his engineer. 3-the project can often be completed within a shorter period of time than with the traditional three-party arrangement since the construction can begin before the entire plans and specifications are completed Disadvantages of design and build project manager 1. From the owners perspective, in a design/build situation it is often difficult to effectively compare the various preliminary design proposals submitted by design/build contractors. 2. that the owner may not obtain the lowest cost for the project since the design/build contract is usually entered into by negotiation rather than competitive bidding.