Important Facts and Formulae

1. Work from Days : If A can do a piece of work in n days, then As 1 days work = 1 / n. 2. Days from Work : If A's 1 day's work = 1 / n, then A can finish the work in n days. 3. Ratio : If A is thrice as good a workman as B, then : Ratio of work done by A and B = 3 : 1. Ratio of times taken by A and B to finish a work =1:3

1. A man can do a piece of work in 5 days, but with the help pf his son, he can do it in 3 days. In what time can the son do it alone? A. 6x1/2 days B. 7 days D. 8 days

C. 7x1/2 days Solution

= (1/3-1/5) =2/15. The son alone can do the work in = 15/2 =7x1/2 days. Son's 1 day's work
2. Sakshi can do a piece of work in 20 days. Tanya is 25% more efficient than Sakshi. The number of days taken by tanya to do the same piece of work is A. 15 C. 18 Solution B. 16 D. 25

Ratio of times taken by Sakshi and Tanya=125:100 Suppose Tanya takes x days to do the work.

= 5 : 4. 5 : 4 ::20 : x x<=> (420/5) <=> 16 days.

3. Kim can do a work in 3 days while David can do the same

work in 2 days. Both of them finish the work together and get Rs.150. What is the share of Kim? A. C. Rs.30 Rs.70 B. D. Rs.60 Rs.75

Solution

Kim's wages : David's wages

Kim's share

= Kim's 1 day's work : David's 1 day's work = 1/3 : 1/2 =2:3 = Rs.(2/5150) =Rs.60.

4. 5 men and 2 boys working together can do four times as much work as a man and a boy. Working capacities of a woman and a boy are in the ratio A. 1 : 2 C. 2 : 1 Solution B. 1 : 3 D. 3 : 1

Let 1 man's 1 day's work and 1 boy's 1 day's work Then, 12x+16y =1/5 13x+24y =1/4 Solving these two equations, we get Required ratio =x:y = 1/100 : 1/200 =2:1

=x =y

x= 1/100 and y=1/200

5. A man can do a job in 15 days. His father takes 20 days and his son finishes it in 25 days. How long will they take to complete the job if they all work together? A. Less than 6 days C. appro. 6.4 days Solution B. exactly 6 days D. more than 10 days

1 day's work of the three persons So, all the three together will complete the work in

= (1/15+1/20+1/25) 47/300. = 300/47 = 6.4 days.

6. A tyre has punctures. The first puncture alone would have made the tyre flat in 9 minutes and the second alone would have done it in 6 minutes. If air leaks out at a constant rate,

how long does it take both the punctures together to make it flat? A. 1x1/2 minutes C. 3x3/5 minutes Solution B. 3x1/2 minutes D. 4x1/4 minutes

= (1/9+1/6) = 5/18 So, both the punctures will make = 18/5 the tyre flat in = 3x3/7 days. 1 minute's work of both the punctures
7. 10 women can complete a work in 7 days and 10 children take 14 days to complete the work. How many days will 5 women and 10 children take to complete the work? A. 1 C. 5 Solution B. 3 D. 7

= 1/70 = 1/140. = (5/70+10/140) = (1/14+1/14) = 1/7. 5 women + 10 children will complete the work in 7 days. 1 woman's 1 day's work 1 child's 1 day's work (5 women +10 children)'s 1 day's work
8. A does a work in 10 days and B does the same work in 15 days. In how many days they together will do the same work? A. 5 days C. 8 days Solution B. 6 days D. 9 days

A's 1 day's work and B's 1 day's work (A+B)'s 1 day's work

= 1/10 = 1/15. = (1/10+1/15) = 1/6.

9. 10 men and 15 women together can complete a work in 6 days. It takes 100 days for one man alone to complete the same work. How many days will be required for one woman alone to complete the same work? A. 90 C. 150 Solution B. 145 D. 225

1 man's 1 day's work 10 men + 15 women)'s 1 day's

= 1/100. = 1/6

work 15 women's 1 day's work,

= (1/6-10/100) =(1/6-1/10) = 1/15. 1 woman's 1 day's work = 1/225. 1 woman alone can complete the work in 225 days.
10. A takes twice as much time as B or thrice as much time to finish a piece of work. Working together, they can finish the work in 2 days, can do the work alone in A. 4 days C. 12 days Solution B. 6 days D. 15 days

Suppose A,B and C take x,x/2 and x/3 hours respectively to finish the work. (1/x+2/x+3/x) Then, = 1/2 <=> 6/x=1/2 <=> 12. So, B takes 6 hours to finish the work

11. Ronald and Elan are working on an assignment. Ronald takes 6 hours to type 32 pages on a computer, while Elan takes 5 hours to type 40 pages. How much time will they take, working together on two different computers to type an assignment of 110 pages? A. 7 hours 30 minutes B. 8 hours D. 8 hours 25 minutes

C. 8 hours 15 minutes Solution

= 32/6 = 16/3. = 40/5 = 8. Number of pages typed by both in = (16/3+8) 1 hour =40/3. Time taken by both to type 110 = (1103/40)hrs pages = 81/4hrs = 8 hrs 15 min. Number of pages typed by ronald in 1 hour Number of pages typed by elan in 1 hour
12. A can finish a work in 18 days and B can do the same in half the time taken by A. Then, working together , what part of the same work they can finish in a day?

A. 1/6 C. 2/5 Solution

B. 1/9 D. 2/7

A's 1 day's work and B's 1 day's work (A+B)'s 1 day's work

= 1/18 = 1/9 = (1/18+1/9) = 1/6

13. P can complete a work in 12 days working 8 hours a day,Q can complete the same work in 8 days working 10 hours a day. If both P and Q work together, working 8 hours a day, in how many days can they complete the work? A. 5x5/11 C. 6x5/11 Solution B. 5x6/11 D. 6x6/11

P can complete the work in (12x 8) hrs = 96 hrs. Q can complete the work in (8x 10) hrs = 80 hrs. P's 1 hour's work = 1/96 = 1/80 Q's 1 hrs work (P+Q)'s 1 hour's = (1/96+1/80) work = 11/480. So, both P and Q will finish the work in =(480/11) hrs. Number of days of 8 =(480/11x1/8) hrs. hours each = 60/11 days =5x5/11 days.
14. A,B, and C can complete a piece of work in 24,6 and 12 days respectively. Working together , they will complete the same work in A. 1/24 day C. 3x3/7 days Solution B. 7/24 day D. 4 days

= (1/24+1/6+1/12) (A+B+C)'s 1 day's work = 7/24. So, A,B and C together will complete the job = 3x3/7 days. in 24/7
15. A can lay railway track between two given stations in 16 days and B can do the same job in 12 days. With the help of C, they did the job in 4 days only. Then, C alone can do the job in A. 9x1/5 days C. 9x3/5 days B. 9x2/5 days D. 10 days

Solution

(A+B+C)'s 1 day's work A's 1 day's work = 1/16 B's 1 day's work = 1/12 C's 1 day's work

= 1/4

So,C alone can do the work in 48/5

= 1/4(1/16+1/12) = (1/4 - 7/48) = 5/48. =9x3/5 days

16. Worker A takes 8 hours to do a job. Worker B takes 10 hours to do the same job. How long should it take both A and B, working together but indepently, to do the same job? A. 2x4/9 C. 5x4/9 Solution B. 4x4/9 D. 4x2/9

A's 1 day's work B's 1 day's work (A+B)'s 1 day's work

= 1/8 = 1/10 = (1/8 + 1/10) = 9/40. Both A and B will finish the = 40 / 9 work in =4x4/9
17. A and B together can complete a work in 12 days. A alone can complete it in 20 days. If B does the work only for half a day daily, then in how many days A and B together will complete the work? A. 10 days C. 15 days Solution B. 11 days D. 20 days

= (1/12 - 1/20) = 2/60 = 1/30 (1/12 +1/60) Now, (A+B)'s 1 day's work = 4/60 = 1/15. So A and B together will complete the work in 15 days. B's 1 day's work
18. A can do a work in 15 days and B in 20 days. If they work on it together for 4 days, then the fraction of the work that is left is A. 1/4 B. 1/10

C. 7/15 Solution

D. 8/15

A's 1 day's work B's 1 day's work (A+B)'s 1 day's work (A+B)'s 4 day's work Remaining Work

= 1/15 = 1/20 = (1/15 + 1/20) = 7/60. = (7/60x4) = 7/15. = (1-7/15) = 8/15.

19. A and B together can complete a piece of work in 4 days. If A alone can complete the same work in 12 days. in how many days can b alone complete that work? A. 1/3 days C. 1/9 days B. 1/6 days D. 1/12 days

Solution

(A+B)'s 1 day's work A's 1 day's work B's 1 day's work

= 1/4 = 1/12 = (1/4 - 1/12) = 1/6. Hence, B alone can complete the work in 6 days.
20. A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days.A having worked for 16 days, B finishes the remaining work in 44 days. In how many days shall B finish the whole work alone? A. 30 days C. 60 days Solution B. 40 days D. 70 days

A's 1 day's work =x B's 1 day's work =y Then, x+y = 1/30 and 16x+44y = 1. Solving these two equations, we get Therefore B's 1 day's work= 1/60.

x=1/10 and y=1/60

DIRECTIONS : Important Facts and Formulae

1. Alligation : It is the rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of a desired price. 2. Mean Price : The cost price of a unit quantity of the mixture is called the mean price. 3. Suppose a container contains x of liquid from which y units are taken out and replaced by water. After n operations, the quantity of pure liquid = [x(1-y/x)n] units. 4. Rule of Alligation: If two ingredients are mixed, then Quantity of cheaper Quantity of dearer We present as under : C.P. of a unit quantity of cheaper C.P. of a unit quanitity of dearer = C.P. of dearer Mean Price Mean price - C.P. of cheaper

(Cheaper quantity) : (Dearer quantity) = (d-m):(m-c). 1. A container contains 40 litres of milk.From this container 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by water. This process was repeated further two times. How much milk is now contained by the container. A. 26.34 litres C. 28 litres Solution B. 27.36 liters D. 29.16 litres

Amount of milk left after 3 operations

2. Tea worth Rs. 126 per kg are mixed with a third variety in the ratio 1: 1 : 2. If the mixture is worth Rs. 153 per kg, the price of the third variety per kg will be A. Rs. 169.50 C. Rs. 175.50 Solution B. Rs.1700 D. Rs. 180

Since first second varieties are mixed in equal proportions, so their average price = Rs.(126+135/2) = Rs.130.50 So, the mixture is formed by mixing two varieties, one at Rs. 130.50 per kg and the other at say, Rs. x per kg in the ratio 2 : 2, i.e., 1 : 1. We have to find x. Cost of 1 kg tea of 1st kind Cost of 1 kg tea of 2nd kind

x-153/22.50 = 1 = x - 153 = 22.50 = x=175.50. Hence, price of the third variety = Rs.175.50 per kg.
3. A milk vendor has 2 cans of milk.The first contains 25% water and the rest milk.The second contains 50% water. How much milk should he mix from each of the containers so as to get 12 litres of milk such that the ratio of water to milk is 3 : 5? A. 4litres, 8 litres C. 5litres, 7 litres Solution B. 6litres, 6 litres D. 7litres, 4 litres

Let the cost of 1 litre milk be Re. 1 Milk in 1 litre mix. in 1st can = 3/4 litre, C.P. of 1 litre mix. in 1st can Re. 3/4 Milk in 1 litre mix. in 2nd can = 1/2 litre, C.P. of 1 litre mix. in 2nd can Re. 1/2 Milk in 1 litre of final mix. = 5/8 litre, mean price = Re. 5/8. By the rule of alligation, we have: Cost of 1 kg mixture of 1st Cost of 1 kg mixture of 2nd

kind

kind

Ratio of two mixtures = 1/8 : 1/8 = 1:1. So, quantity of mixture taken from each can = (1/2 X 12) = 6 litres.
4. Two vessels A and B contain spirit and water in the ratio 5 : 2 and 7 : 6 respectively. Find the ratio in which these mixture be mixed to obtain a new mixture in vessel C containing spirit and water in the ration 8 : 5 ? A. 4 : 3 C. 5 : 6 Solution B. 3 : 4 D. 7 : 9

Let the C.P. of spirit be Re. 1 litre. Spirit in 1 litre mix. of A = 5/7 litre, C.P. of 1 litre mix. in A = Re. 5/7 Spirit in 1 litre mix. of B = 7/13 litre, C.P. of 1 litre mix. in B = Re. 7/13 Spirit in 1 litre mix. of C = 8/13 litre, Mean price = Re. 8/13. By the rule of alligation, we have: Cost of 1 litre mixture in A Cost of 1 litre mixture in B

Required ratio = 1/13 : 9/91 = 7:9.

5. A can contains a mixture of two liquids A and B in the ratio 7 : 5. When 9 litres of mixture are drawn off and the can is filled with B, the ratio of A and B becomes 7 : 9. How many litres of liquid A was contained by the can initially? A. 10 C. 21 B. 20 D. 25

Solution

Suppose the can initially contains 7x and 5x litres of mixtures A and B respectively Quantity of A in mixture left = (7x - 7/12 x 9) litres = (7x - 21/4) litres. Quantity of B in mixture left = (5x - 5/12 x 9) litres = (5x - 15/4) litres. (7x - 21/4) / [(5x - 15/4)+9] = 7/9 = 28x - 21/20x + 21 = 7/9 = 252x - 189 = 140x + 147 = 112x = 336 = x = 3. So, the can contained 21 litres of A.

6. A vessel is filled with liquid, 3 parts of which are water and 5 parts of syrup. How much of the mixture must be drawn off and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and half syrup? A. 1 / 3 C. 1 / 5 Solution B. 1 / 4 D. 1 / 7

Suppose the vessel initially contains 8 litres of liquid. Let x littres of this liquid be replaced with water. Quantity of water in new mixture = (3 - 3x/8 + x) litres. Quantity of syrup in new mixture = (5 - 5x/8) litres. (3 - 3x/8 + x) = (5 - 5x/8) = 5x + 24 = 40 - 5x = 10x = 16 = x = 8/5 So, part of the mixture replaced = (8/5 x 1/8) = 1/5.
7. The cost of Type 1 rice is Rs. 15 per kg and Type 2 rice is Rs.20 per kg. If both Type 1 and Type 2 are mixed in the ratio of 2 : 3, then the price per kg of the mixed variety of rice is A. Rs. 19.50 C. Rs. 18 Solution B. Rs. 19 D. Rs. 18.50

Let the price of the mixed variety be Rs. x per kg. By the rule of alligation, we have : Cost of 1 kg of type 1 rice Cost of 1 kg of type 2 rice

(20-x)/(x-15) = 2/3 = 60 - 3x = 2x - 30 = 5x = 90 = x = 18. so, price of the mixture is Rs. 18 per kg.
8. In what ratio must water be mixed with milk costing Rs.12 per litre to obtain a mixture worth of Rs.8 per litre? A. 1 : 2 C. 4 : 3 Solution B. 2 : 1 D. 5 : 3

By the rule of alligation: C.P. of 1 litre of water

C.P. of 1 litre of milk

Ratio of water to milk = 4 : 8 = 1 : 2

9. In what ratio must tea at Rs.62 per Kg be mixed with tea at Rs. 72 per Kg so that the mixture must be worth Rs. 64.50 per Kg? A. 3 : 1 C. 4 : 3 Solution B. 3 : 2 D. 5 : 3

By the rule of alligation: Cost of 1 kg tea of 1st kind

Cost of 1 kg tea of 2nd kind

Required ratio = 750 : 250 = 3 : 1

10. Find the ratio in which rice at Rs. 7.20 a kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 a kg to produce a mixture worth Rs. 6.30 a kg. A. 1 : 3 C. 3 : 4 Solution B. 2 : 3 D. 4 : 5

By the rule of alligation: Cost of 1 kg rice of 1st kind

Cost of 1 kg rice of 2nd kind

Required ratio = 60 : 90 = 2 : 3

11. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs.15 and Rs. 20 per kg respectively so as to get a mixture worth Rs.16.50 per Kg? A. 3 : 7 C. 7 : 3 Solution B. 5 : 7 D. 7 : 5

By the rule of alligation: Cost of 1 kg pulses of 1st kind Cost of 1 kg pulses of 2nd kind

Required ratio = 3.50 : 1.50 = 35 : 15 = 7 : 3.

12. 8 litres are drawn from a cask full of wine and is then filled with water. This operation is performed three more times. The ratio of the quantity of wine now left in cask to that of the water is 16 : 65. How much wine the cask hold originally ? A. 18 litres C. 32 litres Solution B. 24 litres D. 42 litres

Let the quantity of the wine in the cask originally be xlitres then, quantity of wine left in cask after 4 operations = [x(1- 8/x)4] litres. Therefore x(1- 8/x)4 / x = 16/81 = (1- 8/x)4 = (2/3)2 = (x - 8 / x) = 2/3 = 3x - 24 = 2x = x = 24.
13. A jar full of whiskey contains 40% alcohol. A part of this whisky is replaced by another containing 19% alcohols and now the percentage of alcohol was found to be 26%. The quantity of whisky replaced of whisky replaced is A. 1 / 3 C. 2 / 5 Solution B. 2 / 3 D. 3 / 5

By the rule of alligation: Strength of first jar

Strength of second jar

So, ratio of 1st and 2nd quantities = 7 : 14 = 1 : 2. Required quantity replaced = 2/3
14. A merchant has 1000 kg of sugar part of which he sells at

8% profit and the rest at 18% profit. He gains 14% on the whole. The Quantity sold at 18% profit is A. 400 kg C. 600 kg Solution B. 560 kg D. 640 kg

By the rule of alligation: Profit of first part

Profit of second part

So, ratio of 1st and 2nd parts = 4 : 6 = 2 : 3. Quantity of 2nd kind = (3/5 x 1000)kg = 600 kg.
15. How many kilograms of sugar costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed with 27 kg of sugar costing Rs. 7 per Kg so that there may be a gain of 10 % by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24 per Kg ? A. 36 Kg C. 54 Kg Solution B. 42 Kg D. 63 Kg

By the rule of alligation: C.P. of 1 kg sugar of 1st kind C.P. of 1 kg sugar of 2nd kind

Ratio of quantities of 1st and 2nd kind = 14 : 6 = 7 : 3. Let x kg of sugar of 1st kind be mixed with 27 kg of 2nd kind. Then, 7 : 3 = x : 27 or x = (7 x 27 / 3) = 63 kg.

16. In what ratio must rice at Rs.9.30 per Kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 10.80 per Kg so that the mixture be worth Rs.10 per Kg ? A. 8 : 7 C. 8 : 9 Solution B. 7 : 8 D. 9:8

By the rule of alligation: C.P. of 1 kg rice of 1st kind (in paise)

C.P. of 1 kg rice of 2nd kind (in paise)

Required ratio = 80 : 70 = 8 : 7.
17. In what ratio must be a grocer mix two varities of tea worth Rs. 60 a kg and Rs. 65 a Kg so that by selling the mixture at Rs. 68.20 a Kg he may gain 10% ? A. 3 : 4 C. 3 : 5 Solution B. 3 : 2 D. 4 : 5

S.P. of 1 kg of the mixture = Rs. 68.20, Gain = 10 % C.P. of 1 kg of the mixture = Rs. (100 / 110 x 68.20) = Rs. 62. By the rule of alligation: C.P. of 1 kg tea of 1st kind C.P. of 1 kg tea of 2nd kind

Required ratio = 3 : 2.

Arithmatical - Profit and Loss

Important Facts and Formulae
1. Cost Price : The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as cost price. 2. Selling Price : The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as selling price. 3. Profit or Gain : If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain. 4. Loss : If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss. I). Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) II). Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.). III). Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P. IV). Gain Percentage: (Gain %) Gain % = (Gain x 100 / C.P) V). Loss Percentage: (Loss %) Loss % = (Loss x 100 / C.P ) VI). Selling Price: (S.P.) SP = [(100 + Gain %) / 100 x C.P] VII). Cost Price: (C.P.) C.P. = [(100 / (100 + Gain %) x S.P] VIII). If an article is sold at a loss of say, 35% then S.P. = 65% of C.P. IX). If an article is sold at a gain of say 35%, then S.P. = 135% of C.P. 1. A man buys a cycle for Rs.1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the cycle? A. Rs. 1090 B. Rs. 1160 D. Rs. 1202

C. Rs. 1190 Solution

S.P

= 85% of Rs.1400

them to make a profit of 5%? A. Rs.11.81 C. Rs.12.25 Solution B. Rs.12 D. Rs.12.31

Hence, S.p per Kg

85 : 9 = 105 : x x= (9105/80) = Rs.11.81 = Rs.11.81

5. A shopkeeper give 12% additional discount on the discounted price, after giving an initial discount of 20% on the labelled price of a radio. If the final sale price of the radio is Rs.704, then what is its labelled price? A. Rs. 844.80 C. Rs. 1000 Solution B. Rs. 929.28 D. Rs. 1044.80

Let the labelled price be Rs.x. = 704 88% of 80% of x x=(704x100x100 /88x80) = 1000
6. A man sells two flats at the rate of Rs.1.995 lakhs each. On one he gains 5% and on the other, he loses 5%. His gain or loss percent in the whole transaction is A. C. 0.25% loss 2.5% loss B. 0.25% gain

D. 25% loss

Solution

Loss %

= (5/ 10) % =(0.5) % = 0.25%.

7. Peter purchased a machine for Rs. 80,000 and spent Rs.5000 on repair and Rs.1000 on transport and sold it with 25% profit. At what price did he sell the machine? A. Rs. 1,05,100 C. Rs. 1,07,500 B. Rs. 1,06,250 D. Rs. 1,17,500

Solution

C.P Profit= 25%. S.P

= Rs.(80000+5000+1000) = Rs.86000 = 12.5% of Rs. 86000 =Rs.(125/10086000) =Rs.107500.

8. A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs.392, what was his profit? A. Rs. 18.20 C. Rs. 72 Solution B. Rs. 70 D. Rs. 88.25

C.P

Therefore, Profit

= Rs.(100/122.50x392) = Rs.(1000/1225392) = Rs.320. = Rs.(392-320) = Rs.72.

9. By selling a pen for Rs.15, a man loses one sixteenth of what it costs him.The cost price of the pen is A. Rs. 16 C. Rs. 20 Solution B. Rs. 18 D. Rs. 21

Let the C.P be Rs.x.Then, x-15=x/16 Therefore, C.P= Rs.16.

=x-x/16 = 15 15x/16=15 x = 16.

10. A shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 800 gm instead of kilogram weight.Thus, he makes a profit of A. 20% C. 25% Solution B. 22% D. None of these

Therefore,Profit

=(200/800100)% = 25%

11. Samant bought a microwave oven and paid 10 % less than

the original price. He sold it with 30% profit on the price he had paid.What percentage of profit did samant earn on the original price? A. 17% B. 20% D. 32%

C. 27% Solution

Let the original price Then, C.P S.P =130% of Rs. 90 Required percentage

=Rs.100. = Rs.90. =Rs.(130/10090) = Rs.117. = (117 - 100)% =17%.

12. If a man reduces the selling price of a fan from Rs.400 to Rs.380, his loss increases by 2%. The cost price of the fan is A. Rs. 480 C. Rs. 600 Solution B. Rs. 500 D. Rs. 1000

Let C.P be Rs.x Then, 2% of x

=(400 - 380) =20 x/50 = 20 x=1000.

13. A shopkeeper fixes the marked price of an item 35% above its cost price. The percentage of discount allowed to gain 8% is A. 20% C. 31% Solution B. 27% D. 43%

Let C.P Then, marked price S.P Discount %

=Rs.100 =Rs.135, =Rs.108. =(27/135100)% = 20%

14. Kunal bought a suitcase with 15% discount on the labelled price. He said the suitcase for Rs.2880 with 20% profit on

the labelled price. At what price did he buy the suitcase? A. Rs.2040 C. Rs.2604 Solution B. Rs.2400 D. Rs.2640

Let the labelled price be Rs.x. Then, 120% of x = 2880 x=(2880100/120) Therefore = 2400. C.P = 85% of Rs.2400 = Rs(85/100x2400) =Rs.2040.
15. I gain 70 paise on Rs.70. My gain percent is A. 0.1% C. 7% Solution B. 1% D. 10%

Gain%

=(0.70/70100)% = 1%.

Arithmatical -HCF and LCM of Numbers

1. The smallest number which when diminished by 7, is divisible by 12, 16, 18, 21 and 28 is A. 1008 C. 1022 Solution B. 1015 D. 1032

Required numbers

=(L.C.M of 12,16,18,21,28) + 7 =1008 + 7 = 1015.

2. The H.C.F of two numbers is 11 and their L.C.M is 7700. If one of the numbers is 275, then the other is A. 279 C. 308 Solution B. 283 D. 318

Other number

= (117700 / 275) = 308.

3. The product of two numbers is 4107. If the H.C.F of those numbers is 37, then the greater number is A. 101 C. 109 B. 107 D. 111

Solution

Let the numbers be 37a and 37 b. Then, 37a 37b = 4107 = ab = 3. Now, co-primes with product 3 are (1, 3). So, the required numbers are (37 1, 37 3) i.e , (1 , 111) Therefore Greater number = 111.

4. The greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the length 7m, 3m 85cm, 12 m 95 cm is A. 15 cm C. 35 cm B. 25 cm D. 42 cm

Solution

Required length

= H.C.F of 700 cm, 385 cm and 1295 cm = 35 cm.

5. Find the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same remainder in each case. A. 4 C. 9 Solution B. 7 D. 13

Required number = H.C.F of (91 - 43), (183 - 91) and (183 - 43) = H.C.F of 48, 92 and 140 = 4.

Percentage

1. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes were invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that the other candidate got, was A. 2500 C. 3000 Solution B. 2700 D. 3100

Number of valid votes = 80% of 7500 = 6000. Valid votes polled by = 45% of 6000 other candidates (45/1006000) = 2700.
2. Gauri went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 paise went on sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%. then what was the cost of the tax free items ? A. Rs. 15 C. Rs. 19.70 Solution B. Rs. 15.70 D. Rs. 20

Let the amount of taxable purchases be Rs.x. Then, 6% of x = 30/100 x = (30/100100/6) = 5. Cost of tax free items = Rs.[25 - (5 + 0.30)] = Rs. 19.70
3. In a competitive examination in State A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared candidates. State B had an equal number of candidates appeared and 7% candidates got selected with 80 more candidates got selected than A. What was the number of candidates appeared from each State ? A. 7600 C. 8400 Solution B. 8000 D. Data inadequate

Let the number of candidates appeared from each state be x. Then, 7% of x - 6% of = 80 x =1% of x = 80 = x= 80 100 =8000.
4. A housewife saved Rs. 2.50 in buying an item on sale. If she spent Rs. 25 for the item, approximately how much percent she saved in the transaction ? A. 8% C. 10% Solution B. 9% D. 11%

Actual price Therefore, saving

= Rs. (25 + 2.50) = Rs. 27.50 = (2.50 / 27.50 100)% = 100 / 11% = 91/11% = 9%.

5. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and his marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are A. 39, 30 C. 42, 33 Solution B. 41, 32

D. 43, 34

Let their marks be (x+9) and x. Then, x+9

= 56/100(x + 9 +x) = 25(x+9) = 14 (2x + 9) =3x = 99 =x = 33.

SO, their marks are 42 and 33.

6. The price of a car is Rs. 3,25,000. It was insured to 85% of its price. The car was damaged completely in an accident and the insurance company paid 90% of the insurance. What was the difference between the price of the car and the amount

received ? A. Rs. 32.500 C. Rs. 76,375 Solution B. Rs. 48,750 D. Rs. 81,250

Amount paid to car owner Required differene

= 90% of 85% of Rs. 3,25,000. = Rs. (90/100 85/100 325000) = Rs. 2,48,625. = Rs. (325000 - 248625) = Rs. 76,375.

7. What percent of a day is 3 hours? A. 121/2% C. 182/3% Solution B. 161/2% D. 221/2%

Required percentage

= (3/24100)% = (25 / 2)%. = 121/2%.

8. If number x is 10% less than another number y and y is 10% more than 125, then x is equal to A. 123.75 C. 143 Solution B. 140.55 D. 150

y = 125 + 10% of 125 x = 137.50 - 10% of 137.50

= 125 + 12.50 = 137.50. = 137.50 - 13.75 = 123.75.

9. The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade. The average percent increase of population per year is A. 4.37% C. 6% Solution B. 5% D. 8.75%

Increase in 10 years

= (262500 - 175000) = 87500.

Increase% Required average

= (87500/175000100)% = 50%. = (50/10)% = 5%.

10. A student has to obtain 33% of the total marks to pass. He got 125 marks and failed by 40 marks. The maximum marks are A. 300 C. 800 Solution B. 500 D. 1000

Let their maximum marks be x. Then, 33% of x = 125 + 40 = 33/100x= 165 x= (165100/33) = 500.

Probability

1. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the probability of getting a prize? A. 1/10 C. 2/7 Solution B. 2/5 D. 5/7

P(getting a prize)

= 10 / (10+25) = 10 / 35 = 2 / 7.

2. A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that the ball drawn is white? A. 3/4 C. 1/8 Solution B. 4/7 D. 3/7

Total number of balls Number of white balls P(drawing a white ball)

=(6+8) = 14. = 8. = 8/14 = 4/7.

3. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at random.What is the probability of both the cards being kings? A. 1/15 C. 35/256 Solution B. 25/57 D. 1/221

Let S be the sample space. Then, = (5251)/(21) n(S) = 52C2 = 1326. Let E = event of getting 2 kings out of 4. = (44)/(21) n(E) = 4C2 = 6. = 6 / 1326 P(E) = n(E) / n(S) = 1/221.
4. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is

drawn at random. What is the probability taht the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5? A. 1/2 C. 8/15 Solution B. 2/5 D. 9/20

Here S=(1,2,3,4,5,...,19,20). Let E=event of getting a multiple of 3 or 5 P(E)= n(E) / n(S)

= (3,6,9,12,15,18,5,10,20) = 9/20.

5. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice? A. 1/6 C. 1/9 Solution B. 1/8 D. 1/12

In two throws of a die, n(S) = (66) = 36. Let E = event of getting a sum 9= {{3,6),(4,5),(5,4),(6,3)} P(E) = n(E) / n(S) = 4/36 =1/9.

6. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly. What is the probability that it is neither red nor green? A. 2/3 C. 7/19 Solution B. 3/4 D. 8/21

Total number of balls

= (8 + 7 + 6) = 21. Let E = event that the ball drawn is neither red nor green =event that the ball drawn is red. Therefore, n(E) = 8. P(E) = 8/21.
7. The probability that a card drawn from a pack of 52 cards will

be a diamond or a king is A. 2/13 C. 1/13 Solution B. 4/13 D. 1/52

Here, n(S) = 52. There are 13 cards of diamond(including 1 king) and there are 3 more kings. Let E = event of getting a diamond or a king. Then, n(E) = (13+3) = 16. Therefore, P(E) = n(E)/n(S) = 16 / 52 = 4 / 13.

8. In a single throw of a die, what is the probability of getting a number greater than 4? A. 1/2 C. 2/3 Solution B. 1/3 D. 1/4

When a die is thrown, we have S= {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Let E = event of getting a number greater than 4= {5, 6}. P(E)= n(E) / n(S) = 2/6 = 1/3.
9. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two heads? A. 3/4 C. 3/8 Solution B. 1/4 D. 7/8

Here S = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH} Let E = event of getting at most two heads. Then E = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT}. P(E)= n(E) / n(S) =7/8.
10. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a king of heart is A. 1/13 C. 1/26 B. 2/13 D. 1/52

Solution

Here, n(S) = 52 Let E = event of getting a queen of club or a king of heart. Then, n(E) = 2. P(E) = n(E) / n(S) = 2/52 =1/26.

Simple Intrest

1. A man took a loan from a bank at the rate of 12% p.a. simple interest. After 3 years he had to pay Rs. 5400 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was A. Rs. 2000 B. D. Rs. 10,000 Rs. 20,000

C. Rs. 15,000 Solution

Principal

= Rs. (1005400 / 123) = Rs. 15,000.

2. The price of a T.V set worth Rs. 20,000 is to be paid in 20 instalments of Rs. 1000 each. If the rate of interest be 6% per annum, and the first instalments be paid at the time of purchase, then the value of the last instalments covering the interest as well will be A. Rs.1050 C. Rs. 3000 Solution B. Rs. 2050 D. Rs. 19000

Monet paid in cash Balance amount

= Rs. 1000. = Rs. (20000 - 1000) = Rs. 19000.

3. A lent Rs. 5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of interest and received Rs. 2200 in all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is

A. 5% C. 8% Solution

B. 7% D. 10%

Let the rate be R% p.a. Then,

(5000xRx2/100) + (3000xRx4/100) =100R+120R= 2200 =R=(2200/220) Rate =10%.

4. A money lender finds that dues to a fall in the annual rate of interest from 8% to 7x3/4%, his yearly income diminishes by Rs. 61.50. His capital is A. Rs. 22,400 C. Rs. 24,600 Solution B. Rs. 23,800 D. Rs. 26,000

Let the capital be Rs. x. Then,

= (x 81/100) - (x 31/41/100) = 61.50. =32x - 31x =61504 =x= 24600.

5. A sum fetched a total simple interest of Rs. 4016.25 at the rate of 9. p.c.p.a in 5 years. What is the sum? A. Rs. 4462.50 C. Rs. 8900 Solution B. Rs. 8032.50 D. Rs. 8925

Principal

= Rs. (1004016.25 / 95) = Rs. (401625/45) = Rs. 8925.

6. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs.815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. The sum is A. Rs. 650 B. Rs. 690

C. Rs. 698 Solution

D. Rs. 700

S.I. for 1 year S.I. for 3 year Principal

= Rs.(854 - 815) = Rs. 39. = Rs.(393) = Rs. 117. = Rs. (815 - 117) = Rs. 698.

7. How much time will it take for an amount of Rs. 450 to yield Rs. 81 as interest at 4.5% per annum of simple interest? A. 3.5 years C. 4.5 years Solution B. 4 years D. 5 years

Time

= (10081/ 4504.5)years = 4 years.

8. A certain amount earns simple interest of Rs. 1750 after 7 years. Had the interest been 2% more, how much more interest would it have earned? A. Rs. 35 C. Rs. 350 Solution B. Rs. 245 D. cannot be determined

We need to know the S.I., principal and time to find the rate. Since the principal is not given, so data is inadequate.
9. What is the present worth of Rs. 132 due in 2 years at 5% simple interest per annum? A. Rs. 112 C. Rs. 120 Solution B. Rs. 118.80 D. Rs. 122

Let the present worth be Rs.x. Then,S.I.= Rs.(132 - x). = (x 5 2/100) = 132 - x = 10x = 13200 - 100x = 110x = 13200

x= 120.
10. An automobile financier claims to be lending money at simple interest, but he includes the interest every six months for calculating the principal. If he is charging an interest of 10%, the effective rate of interest becomes A. 10% C. 10.5% Solution B. 10.25% D. None of these

Let the sum be Rs. 100. S.I. for first 6 months = Rs.(100101/1002) = Rs. 5. S.I. for last 6 months = Rs.(105101/1002) = Rs. 5.25. So,amount at the end of 1 year = Rs.(100 + 5 + 5.25)= Rs.110.25 Effective rate(110.25- = 10.25%. 100)

Compound Intrest

1.

Find compound interest on Rs. 7500 at 4% per annum for 2 years, compounded annually. A. Rs.512 B. Rs.552 C. Rs.612 D. Rs.622

Solution = Rs[7500x(1+4/100)] Amount =Rs.(7500x26/25x26/25) = Rs.8112. = Rs(8112 - 7500) C.I =Rs.612. Find the compound interest on Rs.16,000 at 20% per annum for 9 months, compounded quartely. A. Rs. 2552 B. Rs. 2512 C. Rs. 2572 D. Rs. 2592

2.

Solution Principal Time=9 months = Rs.16,000; = 3 quarters;

=[16000x21/20x21/20x21/20] Amount =Rs.[16000x(1+5/100)] = Rs.18522. = Rs.(18522 - 16000) C.I = Rs.2522. Simple interest on a certain sum of money for 3 years at 8% per annum is half the compound interest on Rs. 4000 3. for 2 years at 10% per annum. The sum placed on simple interest is A. Rs. 1550 B. Rs. 1650 C. Rs. 1750 D. Rs. 2000 Solution C.I. Rs.(4000x11/10x11/104000) Sum =Rs[4000x(1+10/100)4000] = Rs.940. =Rs. [420x100 /3x8] = Rs.1750.

Albert invested an amount of Rs.8000 in a fixed deposit scheme for 2 years at compound interest rate 5 p.c.p.a. 4. How much amount will Albert get on maturity of the fixed deposit ? A. Rs. 8600 B. Rs. 8620 C. Rs. 8840 D. Rs. 8820 Solution =Rs.[8000x(1+5/100) ] Amount = Rs. [8000 x 21/20x21/20] = Rs.8820. The present worth of Rs.169 due in 2 years at 4% per annum compound interest is A. Rs.150.50 B. Rs.154.75 C. Rs.156.25 D. Rs.158

5.

Solution = Rs.[169/(1+4/100)] Present Worth = Rs.(169x25/26x25/26) = Rs.156.25

On a sum of money, the simple interest for 2 years is Rs. 660,while the compound interest is Rs.696.30,the rate of 6. interest being the same in both the cases. The rate of interest is A. 10% B. 11% C. 12% D. 10.5% Solution Difference in C.I and S.I for 2 years S.I for one years S.I on Rs.330 for 1 year Rate = Rs(696.30-660) =Rs. 36.30. = Rs330. =Rs. 36.30 = (100x36.30/330x1)% =11%.

The difference between simple interest and compound 7. interest on Rs. 1200 for one year at 10% per annum reckoned half yearly is A. Rs.2.50 B. Rs. 3 C. Rs. 4 D. Rs. 3.75 Solution = Rs.(1200x10x1/100) Rs.120. =Rs[(1200x1+5/100) -1200] C.I Rs.123. = Rs.[123-120] Difference Rs. 3. S.I A sum of money invested at compound interest amounts to 8. Rs. 800 in 3 years and to Rs. 840 in 4 years. The rate of interest per annum is A. 2x1/2% B. 4%

C. 5% Solution S.I. on Rs.800 for 1 year Rate

D. 6x2/3%

=Rs[840 - 800] = Rs.40 =(100x40/800x1)% = 5%

If the simple interest on a sum of money for 2 years at 5% 9. per annum is Rs. 50, what is the compound interest on the same at the same rate and for the same time? A. Rs. 51.25 B. Rs. 52 C. Rs. 54.25 D. Rs. 60 Solution =Rs.(50 x 100/2x5) = Rs. 500. =[Rs.(500 x(1+5/100)] Amount = Rs(500x21/20x21/20). =Rs. 551.25 = Rs. (551.25 - 500) C.I = Rs. 51.25 Sum In what time will Rs.1000 become Rs.1331 at 10% per annum compounded annually? A. 2 years B. 3 years C. 4 years D. 7 years

10.

Solution Principal Amount Rate = Rs.1000; = Rs.1331; = Rs.10%p.a.

[1000(1+10/100)n;] = 1331. Let the time be n years.Then = (1331/1000) = (11/10) Therefore n = 3 years.

Arithmatical - Time and Distance

Important Facts and Formulae 1. Speed = Distance Time Distance Speed

Time =

2. Distance = (Speed x Time). km/hr to m/sec conversion : 3. x km/hr = (x 5 / 18 ) m /sec. m/sec to km/hr conversion: : 4. x m/sec = (x 18/ 5 ) km/hr. If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a : b, then the ratio of the times taken by then to cover the same distance is 1 / a : 1 / b or b : a. Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x km/hr and an equal distance at y km/hr. Then,the average speed 6. during the whole journey is (2xy / x + y )km/hr.

5.

An express train travelled at an average speed of 100 km/hr, stopping for 3 minutes after every 75 km. How 1. long did it take to reach its destination 600 km from the starting point? A. 6 hrs 21 min B. 6 hrs 24 min C. 6 hrs 27 min D. 6 hrs 30 min

Solution = Time taken to cover 600 km (600/100)hrs =6 hrs. = 600/75 - 1 Number of stoppages =7. = (3 x 7)min Total Time of stoppages =21 min. Hence,total time taken=6 hrs 21 min. Sound is said to travel in air at about 1100 feet per second. A man hears the axe striking the tree, 11/5 seconds after 2. he sees it strike the tree. How far is the man from the wood chopper? A. 2197 ft B. 2420 ft C. 2500 ft D. 2629 ft Solution Distance = (1100 x 11/5)feet = 2420 feet.

The speed of a car increases by 2 kms after every one 3. hour. If the distance travelling in the first one hour was 35 kms. what was the total distance travelled in 12 hours? A. 456 kms B. 482 kms C. 552 kms D. 556 kms Solution Total distance travelled in =(35+37+39+.....upto 12 terms) 12 hours This is an A.P with first term, a=35, number of terms, n= 12,d=2. = 12/2[2 x 35+{12-1) x 2] Required distance =6(70+23) = 552 kms. A person croses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per hour? A. 3.6 B. 7.2 C. 8.4 D. 10

4.

Solution =(600 / 5 x 60)m/sec = 2 m/sec Speed =(2 x 18/5)km/hr = 7.2 km/hr. A train travels at an average of 50 miles per hour for 2x1/2 hours and then travels at a speed of 70 miles per hour for 5. 1x1/2 hours. How far did the train travels in the entire 4 hours? A. 120 miles B. 150 miles C. 200 miles D. 230 miles Solution = [(50 x 2x1/2)+(70x1x1/2)] Total distance travelled = (125+105)miles = 230miles

An aeroplane covers a certain distance at a speed of 240 6. kmph in 5 hours. To cover the same distance in 1x2/3 hours, it must travel at a speed of A. 300 kmph B. 360 kmph C. 600 kmph D. 720 kmph Solution = 1200 km. = (1200 x 3/5)km/hr Required speed = 720 km/hr. Distance A truck covers a distance of 550 metres in 1 minute 7. whereas a bus covers a distance of 33 kms in 45 minutes. The ratio of their speed is A. 3 : 4 B. 4 : 3 C. 3 : 5 D. 50 : 3 Solution =(550/60 x 18/5) : (33/45 x 60) Ratio of speeds =33 : 44 =3:4

A boy goes to his school from his house at a speed of 3 km.hr and returna at a speed of 2 km/hr. If he takes 5 8. hours in going and coming, the distance between his house adn school is A. 5 km B. 5.5 km C. 6 km D. 6.5 km Solution Average speed = (2 x 3 x 2/3+2)km/hr = 12/5 km/hr. = (12/5 x 5)km =12 km = (12 / 2)km =6 km

Distance travelled Distance between house and school

A man on tour travels first 160 km at 64 km/hr and the 9. next 160 km at 80 km/hr. The average speed for the first 320 km of the tour is A. 35.55 km/hr B. 36 km/hr C. 71.11 km/hr D. 71 km/hr Solution Total time taken = (160/64 + 160/8)hrs = 9/2 hrs. = (320 x 2/9) km.hr Average speed = 71.11 km/hr. An athlete runs 200 metres race in 24 seconds. His speed is A. 20 km/hr B. 24 km/hr C. 28.5 km/hr D. 30 km/hr

10.

Solution = 200/24 m/sec = 25/3 m/sec Speed = (25/3 x 18/5) km/hr = 30 km/hr.

Arithmatical - True Discount

Important facts and Formulae Suppose a man has to pay Rs. 156 after 4 years and the rate of interest is 14% per annum. Clearly, Rs. 100 at 14% will amount to R. 156 in 4 years. So, the payment of Rs. now will clear off the debt of Rs. 156 due 4 years hence. We say that : Sum due = Rs. 156 due 4 years hence; Present Worth (P.W.) = Rs. 100; True Discount (T.D.) = Rs. (156 - 100) = Rs. 56 = (Sum due) - (P.W.) We define :T.D. = Interest on P.W.;Amount = (P.W.) + (T.D.) Let rate = R% per annum and Time = T years. Then, P.W. = 100 x Amount / 100 + (R x T) = 100 x T.D / R x T T.D = (P.W.) x R x T / 100 = Amount x R x T / 100 + (R x T)

1.

2.

3. Sum = (S.I.) x (T.D.) / (S.I.) - (T.D.) 4. (S.I.) - (T.D.) = S.I. on T.D. When the sum is put at compound interest, then P.W. = Amount / (1 + R /100)T

5.

1. The true discount on a certain sum of money due 3 years

hence is Rs.250 and the simple interest on the same sum for the time and at the same rate is Rs.375. Find the sum ? A. Rs. 500 B. Rs.750 C. Rs. 1000 D. Rs. 1250 Solution = Rs.250 = Rs.375 = S.IT.D/(S.I)-(T.D) Sum due = Rs.(375250/375-250 ) = Rs.750. T.D S.I A man buys a watch for Rs.1950 in cash and sells it for 2. Rs.2200 at a credit of 1 year. If the rate of interests is 10% per annum, the man A. gain Rs.55 B. gain Rs.30 C. loses Rs.30 D. gains Rs.50 Solution =P.W. of Rs.2200 due 1 year S.P = Rs.[2200100/100+(101)] = Rs.2000. =Rs.(2000 - 1950) Gain = Rs.50. Rs. 20 is the true discount on Rs. 260 due after a certain time. What will be the true discount on the same sum due 3. after half of the former time, the rate of interest being the same? A. Rs. 10 B. Rs. 10.40 C. Rs. 15.20 D. Rs. 13 Solution S.I.on Rs.(260-20) for a given time = Rs. 20 S.I. on Rs. 240 for half the time = Rs. 10. T.D. on Rs. 250 = Rs. 10. = Rs.(10/250260) T.D. on Rs. 260 = Rs. 10.40 A trader owens a merchant Rs.10,028 due 1` year hence. The trader wants to settle the account after 3 months.If the

4.

rate of interest is 12% per annum , how much cash should he pay? A. Rs.9025.20 B. Rs.9200 C. Rs.9600 D. Rs.9560 Solution P.W of Rs.10028 due 9 months Required money Rs.[10028x100/100+(12x9/12)] = Rs.9200. The true discount on Rs.2562 due 4 months hence is Rs.122. The rate percent is A. 12 % B. 13 % C. 15 % D. 14 %

5.

Solution = Rs.(2562 - 122) = Rs. 2440. S.I on Rs.2440 for 4 months is Rs.12 = (100 x 122/2440x1/3)% Rate = 15%. P.W The present worth of Rs. 2310 due 2 1/2 years hence, the rate of interest being 15% per annum, is: A. Rs.1680 B. Rs.1750 C. Rs.1840 D. Rs.1443.75

6.

Solution P.W.= Rs =[100 x 2310/100 +(15 x5/2)] =Rs. 1680.

The true discount on Rs. 1760 due after a certain time at 7. 12% per annum is Rs. 160. The time after which it is due iss A. 6 months B. 8 months C. 9 months D. 10 months Solution P.W = Rs. (1760 -160)

= Rs.1600 S.I. on Rs. 1600 at 12% is Rs. 160. = (100 x 160/1600 x 12) =5/6 years. Time =(5/6 x12) months =10 months. Find the present worth of Rs. 930 due 3 years hence at 8% per annum. Also find the discount? A. Rs.500 B. Rs.625 C. Rs. 750 D. Rs. 890

8.

Solution =100 x Amount/100+(RxT) = Rs[100x930/100+(8x3)] P.W = Rs.(100x930/124) = Rs.750. A man purchased a cow for Rs. 3000 and sold it the same day for Rs. 3600, allowing the buyer a credit of 2 years. If 9. the rate of interest be 10% per annum, then the man has a gain of A. 0% B. 5% C. 7.5P% D. 10% Solution C.P S.P So, Gain is 0 %. If the true discount on s sum due 2 years hence at 14% per annum be Rs. 168, the sum due is A. Rs.768 B. Rs.968 C. Rs.1960 D. Rs.2400 = Rs. 3000. =Rs[3600x100/100+(10x2)] =3000

10.

Solution =100 x T.D/R x T P.W = 100 x 168/14 x 2 = 600.

= (P.W + T.D) Sum Rs. (600 + 168) = Rs. 768.

Average
There are two sections A and B of a class, consisting of 36 and 44 students respectively. If the average weight of 1. sections A is 40 kg and that of section b is 35 kg. Find the average weight of the whole class? A. 36.25 B. 37.25 C. 38.35 D. 39.25 Solution = (36x40+44x35)Kg = 2980 kg. = (2980 / 80) Average weight of the whole class =37.25. Total weight of(36+44)Students A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and 2. thus increases his averages by 3.Find his average after 17th inning? A. 19 B. 29 C. 39 D. 49 Solution Let the average after 17th inning = x. Then, average after 16th inning = (x - 3) Average =16 (x-3)+87 = 17x or x=(87-48) = 39.

A students was asked to find the arithmetic mean of the numbers 3, 11, 7, 9, 15, 13, 8, 19, 17, 21, 14 and x. He 3. found the mean to be 12. What should be the number in place of x? A. 3 B. 7

C. 17 Solution

D. 31

Clearly, we have (3+11+7+9+15+13+8+19+17+21+14+x/12)

=12 137+x=144 x= 144137 x= 7.

Number in place of x is

David obtained 76, 65, 82, 67 and 85 marks (out in 100) in 4. English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology.What are his average marks? A. 65 B. 69 C. 72 D. 75 Solution =(375 / 5) Average = (76+65+82+67+85 / 5) = 75. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero? A. 0 B. 1 C. 10 D. 19

5.

Solution =0 Average of 20 numbers =(0 x 20) =0. Sum of 20 numbers It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be positive and if there sum id a, then 20th number is (-a).

Arithmatical - Boats and Streams

Downstream/Upstream : 1. In water, the direction along Important Facts and Formulae the stream is called

downstream. The direction against the stream is called upstream. If the speed of a boat in still water is u km/hr and the speed of the stream is v km/hr, then 2. Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr. Speed upstream = (u - v) km/hr. If the speed downstream is a km/hr and the speed upstream is b km/hr, then 3. Speed in still water = 12 (a + b) km/hr. Rate of stream = 12 (a - b) km/hr.

A boat can travel with a speed of 13 km / hr in still water. 1. If the speed of the stream is 4 km / hr. find the time taken by the boat to go 68 km downstream? A. 2 hours B. 3 hours C. 4 hours D. 5 hours Solution = (13 + 4) km/hr = 17 km/hr. =(68 / 17)hrs Time taken to travel 68 km downstream = 4 hrs. Speed Downstream The speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/hr and the rate 2. of current is 3 km/hr. The distance travelled downstream in 12 minutes is A. 1.2 km B. 1.8 km C. 2.4 km D. 3.6 km Solution

Speed Downstream

= (15 + 3) km/hr = 18 km/hr. =(18 x 12/60)hrs Distance travelled = 3.6km.

A boat takes 19 hours for travelling downstream from point A to point B and coming back to a point C midway 3. between A and B. If the velocity of the stream is 4 kmph and the speed of the boat in still water is 14 kmph, what is the distance between A and B ? A. 160 km B. 180 km C. 200 km D. 220 km Solution = (14 + 4) km/hr = 18 km/hr. =(14 - 4) km/hr Speed upstream = 10 km/hr.. =(x/18+ x/2 / 10) Let the distance b/w A and B = 19 be xkm.Then = 19x / 180 = 19 x= 180. Speed Downstream A boat running downstream covers a distance of 16 km in 4. 2 hours while for covering the same distance upstream, it takes 4 hours. What is the speed of the boat in still water ? A. 4 km/hr B. 6 km/hr C. 8 km/hr D. Data inadequate Solution = (16 / 2) kmph = 8 kmph =(16 / 4) kmph Rate upstream = 4 kmph. = 1 / 2 (8 + 4)kmph Speed in still water = 1/2 x 12 = 6 kmph. Rate Downstream A man can row upstream at 8 kmph and downstream at 13 kmph. The speed of the stream is

5.

A. 2.5 km/hr C. 5 km/hr Solution

B. 4.2 km/hr D. 10.5 km/hr

= 1 / 2 (13 - 8 )kmph = 1/2 x 5 Speed of stream =5 /2 = 2.5