Volume Project Paul
Uploaded by
iVolume Project Paul
Uploaded by
iPaul Han HL Calc Volume Project 1. Cylinder To find the volume equation of a cylinder, I drew a picture of the cylinder.
Then I aligned the x-axis with the height, and the y-axis with the radius. I did this because it separates the cylinder symmetrically between the first and fourth quadrant. It is important to separate the cylinder symmetrically between the first and fourth quadrant because then I am able to find the function for the value of the radius along the x-axis and wrap it around the x-axis from the intervals 0 to h just like we did in class. [add see graph # for each one, makes it more fluid, and baranick wont go omg no graph] By doing this, I obtained the cylindrical shape just like the one we are trying to find. The function along the x-axis, is just f(x) = r because it does not have a slope, as the sides of a cylinder are perpendicular to its base, and the y-intercept is r, the radius of the base of the cylinder. Then I found the volume by using the equation (pi) times integral of (r)2 from the interval 0 to h, also known as the disk method. We all know (pi)r2 is the area of a circle, in this case the base and cross sections of the cylinder. Taking the integral from the interval 0 to h adds up infinite amounts of circles from 0 to h, thus we are able to obtain the volume of the cylinder. To get the volume equation of the cylinder, I anti-derived the function inside the integral, plugged in the intervals and solved it. The work is shown on the other page. 2. Cone Just as I did in number 1, I aligned the x-axis with the height of the cone and the radius as the y-axis. By doing this, I obtained a triangular shape on the graph. Then I found the equation of the line segment from (0,r) to (h,0) which is -(r/h)x + r [maybe explain how you found the slope? Something like with two points I was able to find the slope of the equation]. This equation is useful because it is the function that determines how the y-value changes as it moves along the x-axis. Since a cone is made up of infinite amounts of circles decreasing in size, we can use the equation (pi) time integral of f(x)2 from 0 to h. Since f(x) = -(r/h)x + r, we can plug it into the equation and get (pi) times integral
of (-(r/h)x + r)2 from 0 to h. This is wrapping the function across the x-axis and forming the cone shape just like the one we are trying to find. Then it is taking the volume of infinite little circles from the intervals 0 to h, thus obtaining the total volume of the cone. Finding the actual volume equation is shown in the other page. [are you showing evaluation of each integral with real numbers? You need to for the project] 3. Square Based Pyramid Like previous questions, I aligned the height with the x-axis, and the base with the y-axis. By doing so I obtained a triangular shape on an xy-plane graph. This looks just like the graph from problem number 2, except this time instead of having a circle base, the shape has a square base. To find the volume of the square-based pyramid, I found one of the equations of the function from x=0 to x=h. Since the function gives only half the base as it moves along the height (x-axis), I multiplied it by 2 to get the equation for the whole base. Since I have the equation of the function for the length of a side of the base, and a square is composed of 4 equal sides the area of a square is its base squared, I just squared the function and took the integral from 0 to h to obtain the volume formula. 4. Circular Frustum A circular frustum is basically a cone minus the top part. It has two radii, the radius on the bigger base, and the radius on the smaller base. The concept of finding the volume is same as before. The equation of the function, F(x), from 0 to h has to be found. To do this, you take the initial radius (when x=0) and subtract it from the final radius (when x=h), and divide that by the range, which is just h [explain that that is essentially slope and show the equation and explain y-intercept]. Since circular frustum has a circular base, I took the formula for the circle, which is (pi)r2 and plugged it into the integral from 0 to h. Also, I replaced r with the function F(x) because the radius is constantly changing as it moves along the x-axis, or the height. Lastly, I solved for the integral by finding the anti-derivative of the inside, and substituting x for 0 and h. Work is shown on the other page. 5. Square Frustum
This problem is just like all of the previous problems. A square frustum is made up of square bases, obviously. It is made up of infinite squares from one base to the other. Once again, I drew the square frustum on its side, aligning the height as the x-axis and the base and the y-axis, splitting the base into two equal parts. Then I found the equation of the function, F(x) [show final equation and explain what the y-intercept represents (what it means)], on quadrant one. This finds the value of the base divided by 2 for a given value of x. So before integrating it from 0 to h, I multiplied it by 2 to get the full length of the side of the base. As I said earlier, since a square is made of 4 equal sides, I squared 2F(x) to get the area of a square in a given, then I took the integral of the whole thing from the intervals 0 to h, which will be a volume because its adding up infinite amounts of squares along the xaxis. The work is shown on the other page.
Citations http://www.dummies.com/
