ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Instructor: Architect Abelardo Firmeza

COURSE OUTLINE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Introduction Architectural Design Theory Esquisse Building Economics Building Utilities Approaches and Strategies Simulated Board Exam

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - it is the translation of an abstract solution to a real, tangible and concrete solution - it is the optimum and better solution which must approximate the pre-set solution of the examiner - it must involve the judicious use of design tools in developing the solution within: a. parameters / constraints b. circumstances c. environmental conditions : must be conserve : must be protected : must be included in the design solution

- set by the examiner. The solution must be: SAFE

Simple provide what is needed or simply follow instruction Appropriate must fit on concept

Functional look-out for specific use of the building Economical

FORMAT OF DESIGN EXAM

1. 2. 3. 4.

20x30 tracing paper provided by PRC Black ink final drawings is in black ink Pencil for enhancing and construction line (staedler pencils) College major plate type drawings - schematic - no dimensions - no call-outs such as specifications - fully rendered in the used pencil shadows but not colored - material must be drawn in full - no columns unless it is part of design - furniture layouts dePending on layout and instructions - entourage and landscape are allowed but not colored

RULES

1. Individual drawing implements and drawing boards

- triangles - compass - pencils - magic, masking, scotch tapes

- rubber band - drawing board with straight edge - erasing shield - scissors - protractors - french curve - 2 sets of sign pens varying in points - circular template - optional coloring materials - cutters - ballpens - erasers (different types) - liquid paper - scale - watch

2. PRC will provide tracing paper with official seal 3. Drawing Grids
- preset grids, but to be shown to the proctor

4. Not allowed!
- no color - no people or human figures - no vehicles even triangle representation on plans - no electronic equipment - no scientific or programmable calculators, only simple scientific calculator is allowed - no references

TOOLS

1. 2. 3. 4.

Drawing implements Codes Building Codes Building Standards Vocabulary

ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTION

1. Lettering
-simple gothic, upright and all caps -text : 4mm in height -title : 8-10mm -sub-titles : 6-8mm

2. Lines
-construction lines or guide lines -final lines -dimension lines -masculine/feminine lines

3. Each drawing must have title and scale and north orientation
-orientation must always upward! on site development plan -on plans refer to main entrance of structures

Notes: Acconometric Drawing - another type of aerial perspective Berthing

- term for parking at water

FORMAT OF THE QUESTIONAIRE

1. Title 2. Background or description of the problem 3. Requirements a. Plate requirements specify needed rooms or spaces b. Drawing requirements specify scale, needed drawings, etc
Notes: Marina - luxurious facilities for water vessels - yatch - fine dining : luxurious eating place Condominium - high-rise residential buildings - luxurious - with elevators to make it more luxurious than townhouse - can be bought but original lot remains to the owner Townhouse - can be bought - horizontal residential structures - can be leased (long term) Apartment - not more than 10 units - rented (short term payment) - usually two storey and for rent Rowhouse

- can accommodate a full length of block

Tenements - an apartment that is not more than 4 storeys

Apartelle - fully furnish with equipments (such as food, beds) while apartment will be provided by the tenants

Condotelle - rented by other person to the owner of the room wherein the owner of the room rented it to the owner of building

Hotel - rented area provided with room and comfort room and other facilities will be common areas

Motel - rented area with room, comfort room and garage (motorist hotel)

Garage - enclosed with walls, roof and door and facilities for repairs

Carport - with roof and columns

Parking Slot - compose of lines and has no enclosure at all

EXAMPLES OF TITLES ANALYSIS The OASIS a resort - a mirage : an illusion of water in the desert - located in the desert; a body of water located in the desert - leisure activities - having a main focus of water element it can be water fountain

The HAMLET a townhouse - hamlet : a small French village - having no huge elements such as columns - compose of common center area such as plaza

The TIANGGE a flea market - flea : surot - baratillo - huge number of stalls that is detachable

Notes:

Assume 1-1/2 hours to finish every sheet Consider facing

a. reading and understanding (3 hours) b. preliminary drawings (2hours) c. final drawings

THINGS TO BE AWARE OF WHEN DESIGNING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

vocabulary building code presentation requirements common sense

Notes: Stairs cutting line -7th and 8th steps

THINGS TO DO IN PREPARATION FOR DESIGN EXAM

1. practice drafting technique 2. multiple deadline time management 3. composition

- sheets must be clean - clear, use acceptable architectural symbols and architectural conventions - respect margins

PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION

Dimension

Equilibrium

Contrast Proportion Scale Balance a. Formal balance b. Informal balance Rhythm Unity Character

Variety Measurements Fixed Proportions Gravitation

Physical Manifestation

Movement Order / Harmony Expression

CONTRAST OF LINES Masculine Lines bold, dark, straight, strong lines Feminine Lines soft, fragile, thin, curve lines

1. Residential 2. Institutional a. government buildings b. health care 3. Industrial 4. Commercial 5. Recreational

: feminine; informal : : : : masculine; formal masculine; formal masculine; formal feminine; informal

a. active b. passive 6. Religious 7. Education

: : : :

masculine; formal feminine: informal masculine; formal masculine; formal

UNITY - creating unified site development plan

1. Central Theme
- creating a motif

2. Major component of buildings must dominate

- exceptional size - strategic location - unique shape

3. compact and coherent unit

- orientation marker, ex. sculpture - inward orientation

4. Harmony in materials, styles, design, etc.

CHARACTER - manifested external expression of internal qualities

a. function use of the building b. association influence of traditional types

c. personality character of occupants or human quality

ANALYZING THE DESIGN PROBLEM

read understand a. title b. description or background c. requirements plate drawing

familiarize with the site a. simply given b. derivation / computation closing the traverse (protractor and calculator) textual

determine the area of the lot a. formula - regular shapes - irregular shapes b. dot-grid method

- approximate area all dots included in the site will be multiplied to the reference area of the square c. planimeter - use in computing the lot

d. road runner - used in computing the length of the road determine the buildable area (BA)

buildable area = lot area open space 70% open spaces 1. set backs type of lots 2. private yards (front, side, rear) 3. road abutments 4. height of buildings 5. private open space 6. natural open spaces a. rivers b. creek 5.00m 3.00m 50.00m 10.00m page 231 page 227 page 228 page 234 page 226 30%

c. sea/beach front d. pasig river

determine the floor area (FA)

FA = BA x No. of storeys saleable area (SA) SA = FA - common area (35%) plate requirements / components code requirements - BP 344 (accessibility law) a. site development - parking allocation (for disabled - curb-cut-outs - ramps (1:12)

b. structure - comfort room - corridor (1.50 meters) - stairs - fire exits

- ventilation
heights a. naturally ventilated b. artificially ventilated - 1 storey - 2 to 4 storeys - 5 to infinity storeys (high-rise) structure a. superstructure b. substructure - in every five floors correspond to one basement

COST ESTIMATE BULDING ECONOMICS levels S budgetary estimate (floor area x cost parameter) D detailed estimate (floor area: specific x cost parameter) C bill of materials

(materials x cost) C bid estimate (bill of materials x margin of profit) cost parameter/ sqm 1 storey: low cost 2-4 storeys: mid cost 5-infinity: high-rise P1.00 P5,000.00 P5,001.00 P12,000.00 P12,001.00 infinity

basement (1.2%) = next level components of the estimate a. land development cost 25% (P500/sqm) 1. earth development 2. roads and access ways 3. utilities (civil works) 4. landscaping 5. furnishings b. structure 75% 1. structural 2. utilities 25% of the cost 15-30% of the cost

3. architectural 45-60% of the cost

BILL OF MATERIALS 1. materials 2. labor x 35-40% of x direct cost = A 3. equipment 20% of A

4. margin of profit 5. overhead

30% of A 15% of A

(ballpen, bond papers, gas, secretary, etc.) 6. contingency 10-15% of A

(allowance, wastage) : paid by contractor 7. bonds and insurances 8. miscellaneous 10-30% of A 15-20% of A

construction cost + AE = project cost

UTILITIES 1. water supply 2. waste water 3. sewage 4. electricity 5. lighting 6. mechanical 7. intelligent system a. locations of utilities is outside.

utility company b. users

c. intermediary treatment Note: Utilities step-down transformer : 220V to 110V horizontal

step-up transformer : 110V to 220V water tanks

RESIDENTIALS - (informal) feminine 1. multi-storey : 4 storey and below 2. multi-family 3. utilities are shared or common areas 4. orientation: work west rest east 5. clusters

45 meters: maximum length of corridor

GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS - basically linear and rectangular in plan 1. formal (masculine) 2. multi-storey 3. linear development 4. flag pole / assembly area HOSPITAL 1. users a. patients b. medical practioner c. visitors 2. activities 3. high rise

4. separate out-patient 5. philippine heart center, example RECREATIONAL gyms 1. users a. players b. officials c. spectators 2. playcourts 3. unobstructed view - less column with the gym playcourts rooms bleachers

track oval
1. track and field 2. track and soccer

swimming pool and diving pool

bowling - usually synthetic wood was used nowadays

golf 1. 18 holes done by landscape architect 2. clubhouse usually two storeys and placed on the middle

a. first floor
- dirty area - caddy

- clean-up b. second floor - function room - fine dining - boutiques - pro-shop

resort 1. feature 2. amenities 3. operation system

COMMERCIAL 1. one-stop-shop - all ages accommodated 2. flagship store - usually department store - concessions : barbershop, boutiques, etc 3. magnet nodes 4. parking 5. theme activities

ECUMENICAL 1. all religion - no symbols of particular religion 2. celebrants place (altar)

- congregation EDUCATION 1. classroom 2. 1 teacher = 40-50 students (1 sqm/person + circulation) 3. standard module 7m x 9m 4. flagpole / quadrangle 5. laboratories / libraries / admin / pe 6. parking

7. canteen

TERMINALS international Ok : cargo X Ok domestic Ok Ok Ok

Sea Land Air

domestic a. lounge, passenger b. offices c. reception d. hygiene facilities

international a. lounge, passenger b. offices c. reception

d. hygiene facilities e. customs f. immigration

separate people and good separate in and out

EXAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEM - government building -formal / male -rectangular / linear (45 meter) -multi-storey -flagpole / assembly 3 branches of government -executive -legislative -judiciary : major : vice major : judge

north (type of government) 1. ilocos 2. mountain province 3. batanes : bahay na bato : ifugao house : ibatan house