Transformation is changing the form sentence without changing its meaning.

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of

Af fir mative to ne gative:

Rule 1: Only/ alone/ merely Replaced by None but(person)/ nothing but(things)/ not more than or not less than(number) Example: Aff: Only Allah can help us. Neg: None but Allah can help us. Aff: He has only a ball. Neg: He has nothing but a ball. Aff: He has only ten taka. Neg: He has not more than ten taka. Rule 2: Must Replaced by Cannot but/ Cannot help+ (v+ing). Example: Aff: We must obey our parents. Neg: we cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents. Rule 3: Both----and Replaced by not only ---- but also. Example:

Aff: Both Dolon and Dola were excited. Neg: Not only Dolon but also Dola were excited. Rule 4: and ( if join two words) Replaced by Not only ----but also. Example: Aff: He was obedient and gentle. Neg: He was not only obedient but also gentle. Rule 5: Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all Replaced by There is no + attached word + but. Example: Aff: Every mother loves her child. Neg: There is no mother who does not love her child. Rule 6: As soon as Replaced by No sooner did/had ----Than. Example: Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. Neg: No sooner did the thief see the police, than he ran away Aff : As soon as he arrived home, he was asked to start on another journey

Neg: No sooner had he arrived home, than he was asked to start on another journey Rule 7: Absolute Superlative degree Replaced by No other+ attached word+ so+ positive form+ as+ subject. Example: Aff: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh. Neg: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh. Rule8: Sometimes affirmative sentences are changed into negative by using opposite words. Before the word, off course not is used. Example: Aff: I shall remember you. Neg:I shall not forget you. Rule9: Always Replaced by Never. Example: Aff: Raven always attends the class. Neg: Raven never misses the class. Rule 10: Too ---- to Replaced by so ---that+ can not/could

not(in Example: Aff: He is too weak to walk. Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

past).

Rule 11: As as Replaced by Not less than. Example: Aff: Simi was as wise as Rimi. Neg: Simi was not less wise than Rimi. Rule 12: Universal truth are changed by making them negative interrogative. Example: Aff: The Sun sets in the west. Neg: Doesnt the Sun set in the west? Rule 13: Sometimes Replaced by Not + always. Example: Aff: Raven sometimes visits me. Neg: Raven doesnt always visit me. Rule14: Many Replaced by Not a few. Example: Aff: I have many friends. Neg: I donot have a few friends.

Rule 15: A few Replaced by not many. Example Aff: Bangladesh has a few scholars. Neg: Bangladesh doesnt have many scholars. Rule 16: Much Replaced by A little. Example: Aff: He has much knowledge. Neg: He doesnt have a little knowledge. Rule 17: A little Replaced by not much. Example: Aff: Dolon has a little riches. Neg: Dolon doesnt have much riches.

ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE Rule 1: If the sentence is in the affirmative you have to change it into negative interrogative. If it is in negative then you have to change it into bare interrogative. Ex: Ass: He was very gentle. Int: was nt he very gentle? Aff: He is not a good person. Int: Is he a good person? Rule 2: No auxiliary verb in sentence Change it by using Do/does/did Or Dont/doesnt/didnt. Ex: Ass:He plays Football. Int: Does nt he play football?

Ass: They did not play football yesterday. Int: Did they play football yesterday? Rule3: Never Replaced by Ever. Ass: I never drink tea. Int: Do I ever drink tea? Rule 4: Every body/everyone/ All Replaced by Who + Dont/ Doesnt/ Didnt Ex: Everybody wishes to be happy. Int : Who doesnt wish to be happy? Rule 5: Every + noun Replaced by Is there any + noun+ Who dont/doesnt/didnt. Ex: Ass: Every man wishes to be happy. Int: Is there any man who doesnt wish to be happy? Rule 6: No body/ no one / None Replaced by Who. Ex: Nobody could count my love for you. Int: Who could ever count my love for you? Rule 7 : There is no Replaced by Is there any/ Who(person)/ What( thing). Ex: Ass: There is no use of this law. Int: What is the use of this law.? Ass: There is no man happier than Jamil. Int: Who is Happier than jamil.? Rule 8: It Is no Replaced by Is there any/Why. Ex: Ass: It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam. Int: Why take unfair means in the exam? Or,

Is there any use of this law? Rule 9: It Doesnt matter Replaced by what though/ Does it matter. Ex: Ass: It does not matter if you fail in te exam. Int: What though if you fail in the exam? Interrogative to assertive is to be done doing Vice versa.

Exclamatory sentence to Assertive sentence

Rule1: Subject and Verb of exclamatory sentence are to be used as the subject and verb of assertive sentence at the outset of the sentence. How/what Replace by Very(before adjective)/ Great(before noun) Example: How fortunate you are! Ass: You are very fortunate. Exc: What a fool you are! Ass: You are a great fool. Rule 2: Sometimes the subject and verb may be eclipsed. Ex: What a beautiful scenery! Ass: It is a very beautiful scenery. Ex: What a pity! Ass: It is a great pity. Rule 3: Hurrah/ Bravo Replace by I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that. Ex: Hurrah! We have won the game. Ass: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.

Rule 4: Alas Replace by I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that. Ex: Alas! He has failed. Ass: We mourn that he has failed. Rule 5: Had/were/If /Would that(at the out set) Replaced by I wish + subject again + were/ had+ rest part. Ex: Had I the wings of a bird! Ass: I wish I had the wings of a bird. Ex: Were I a bird! Ass: I wish I were a bird. Ex: If I were young again! Ass: I wish I were young again. Ex: Would that I could be a child! Ass: I wish I could be a child. Assertive to exclamatory is to be done doing Vice versa.

Imperative to assertive
Rule 1: Add subject + should in doing assertive. Ex: Do the work. Ass: You should do the work. Rule 2: Please/kindly Replaced by you are requested to. Ex: Please, help me. Ass: You are requested to help me.

Rule 3: Do not Replaced by You should not. Ex: Do not run in the sun. Ass: You should not run in the sun. Rule 4: Never Replaced by you should never. Ex: Never tell a lie. Ass: You should never tell a lie. Rule 5: Let us Replaced by We should. Ex: Let us go out for a walk. Ass: We should go out for a walk. Rule 6: Let + noun/pronoun Replaced by Subject + might. Ex: Let him play football. Ass: He might play football.

Change of degree
Rule1: If the superlative degree says about the best thing then the rule is:For comparative,use subject +verb + adjective/adverb(comp. form) + Than any other + rest part For positive, useNo other + rest part after supr. Degree + verb + so/as + positive form of adj/adv + as + sub. Ex: Su: Suman is the tallest boy in the class. Com: Suman is taller than any other boy in the class. Pos: No other boy in the class is as tall as Suman.

Rule 2: If In superlative degree One of the is transformed in this way: Comparative: Sub+verb +comp. form +than most other+ Rest part. Positive: Very few+ rest part after supr. Degree + verb + so/as + positive form of adj/adv + as + sub. Ex: Nazrul was one of the greatest poets in Bangladesh. Comp.: Nazrul was greater than most other poets in Bangladesh. Positive: Very few poets in Bangladesh were so great as Nazrul. Note: Superlative: Of all/ of any Comparative: Than all other/than any other. Positive: It does not exist. Ex: Sup: Mr. khan is the oldest of all men in the village. Com: Mr. Khan is older than all other men in the village. Pos: No other man is as old as Mr. Khan. Rule 3: Simple comparative is transformed into positive by using (not so + adj/adv+as)/ (so+adj/adv+as)if negative. Second noun or pronoun is used first. Ex: 1. com: Rina is wiser than Mina. Pos: Mina is not so wise as Rina. 2. Com: Mina is not wiser than Rina. Pos: Rina is as wise as Mina.

Rule 4: No/not less --- than is transformed into positive by using as +adj/adv+ as Ex: com: Karim is not less meritorious than Suman. Pos: Karim is so meritorious as Suman.