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9.1+9.2 Sol

1. Water and dissolved minerals are transported through the xylem of plants via transpiration. Transpiration is driven by evaporation of water from the leaves, which creates a pulling force that moves the water up the plant. 2. The rate of transpiration is affected by several environmental factors, including humidity, temperature, light levels, and wind speed. Higher temperatures and light levels increase transpiration, while higher humidity and less wind decrease it. 3. The phloem transports sugars and other organic compounds produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant. Sugars move bi-directionally between sources like leaves and sinks like fruits via pressure flow.

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Moloy Gorai
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55 views2 pages

9.1+9.2 Sol

1. Water and dissolved minerals are transported through the xylem of plants via transpiration. Transpiration is driven by evaporation of water from the leaves, which creates a pulling force that moves the water up the plant. 2. The rate of transpiration is affected by several environmental factors, including humidity, temperature, light levels, and wind speed. Higher temperatures and light levels increase transpiration, while higher humidity and less wind decrease it. 3. The phloem transports sugars and other organic compounds produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant. Sugars move bi-directionally between sources like leaves and sinks like fruits via pressure flow.

Uploaded by

Moloy Gorai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

transported in xylem (vessels); passive / no energy used by plants; evaporation / transpiration causes low pressure / suction / pull; transpiration stream / continuous column of water from roots to leaves; water molecules are cohesive (so transmit the pull) / hydrogen bonding; root pressure can move water up the plant; apoplastic pathway is through cell walls; (Plus up to [2] for quality)

4 max
[4]

2.

less transpiration as (atmospheric) humidity rises; smaller concentration gradient (of water vapour); more transpiration as temperature rises; faster diffusion / more kinetic energy (of water molecules); faster evaporation (due to more latent heat available); more transpiration as wind (speed) increases; humid air / water vapour blown away from the leaf; increasing the concentration gradient (of water vapour); more transpiration in the light; due to light causing stomata to open; wider opening with brighter light hence more transpiration; CAM plants opposite; narrower stomata with high carbon dioxide concentration hence less transpiration;
[8]

3.

living tissue; composed of companion cells / sieve tube members; companion cells involved in ATP production; sucrose / amino acids / assimilate / products of photosynthesis transported; bi-directional transport; source / leaves to sink / fruits / roots / storage organs / named storage organ; pressure flow hypothesis / movement of water into phloem causes transport;
[5]

4. (b)

(a)

apical and lateral 2 max Dicotyledonus branched (net of) veins; two cotyledons; floral parts in multiple of 4 or 5; ring of vascular bundles around central pith; branched tap roots;

Structure leaf seed flower

Monocotyledonous parallel veins one cotyledon floral parts in multiple of 3 scattered vascular bundles adventitious roots Award [1] for each correct line

stem root

(c)

Award [1] for any two of the following: cellulose cell wall / turgor / lignin / lignified xylem auxin produced at apical meristem / tip; transported to growing area / zone of cell growth; lateral transport to cells on shade side; results in cell expansion; shoot grows towards light source; experimental detail; 3 max

(d)

[7]

5.

(a) when a shoot is illuminated from one side; auxin is transported laterally to the other side; where it causes greater growth on one / dark side; by stimulating cell elongation; (b) gibberellic acid is normally produced by the seeds; GA makes the fruit develop; artificial spraying of GA; means the fruit can develop independent of the need for seeds;

3 max

2 max
[5]

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

C C B A C B A A B C B D C C

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