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Thermostat Using Ic 741: A Project Report On

This document is a project report on creating a thermostat using an IC 741 operational amplifier. It includes an introduction describing what a thermostat is and its components. It then shows the circuit diagram and describes the construction and operation of the circuit. The report discusses the advantages of using a thermistor for temperature sensing and a Schmitt trigger for noise immunity. It concludes that the designed thermostat successfully drives a fan to maintain the temperature near the setpoint.

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Jaiprakash Gupta
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226 views

Thermostat Using Ic 741: A Project Report On

This document is a project report on creating a thermostat using an IC 741 operational amplifier. It includes an introduction describing what a thermostat is and its components. It then shows the circuit diagram and describes the construction and operation of the circuit. The report discusses the advantages of using a thermistor for temperature sensing and a Schmitt trigger for noise immunity. It concludes that the designed thermostat successfully drives a fan to maintain the temperature near the setpoint.

Uploaded by

Jaiprakash Gupta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A PROJECT REPORT ON

THERMOSTAT USING IC 741

SUBMITTED BY
ANURAG MISHRA DINESH KALANI JAIPRAKASH GUPTA GUIDED BY MRS. MUGHDHA JOGLEKAR

DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION VESIT,CHEMBUR ACADAMIC YEAR 2012-2013

INDEX

SR.NO
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

CONTENTS
Acknowledgement Introduction Circuit Diagram Construction & Operation Advantages, Disadvantages Application Conclusion List of components Reference

PAGE NO.

3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our deepest regards towards those who helped us in our endeavor to study and prepare our project Thermostat Using IC-741 OpAmp . Firstly, we are extremely grateful to our institute V.E.S.I.T. We express especially and most sincerely, our deepest gratitude towards our project guide Mrs. MUGHDHA JOGLEKAR who rendered unending help in making our project a great success. We are also deeply obliged to our SCCD laboratory incharges for their help and guidance. Finally we wish to sincerely thank our staff members who directly or indirectly helped us in the successful completion of our project.

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

INTRODUCTION

A thermostat is a component of a control system which senses the temperature of a system, so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint. The thermostat does this by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or regulating the flow of a heat transfer fluid as needed, to maintain the correct temperature. The name is derived from the Greek words thermos "hot" and statos "a standing".

A thermostat may be a control unit for a heating or cooling system or a component part of a heater or air conditioner (ACs). Thermostats can be constructed in many ways and may use a variety of sensors to measure the temperature. The output of the sensor then controls the heating or cooling apparatus. A Thermostat may switch on and off at temperatures either side of the setpoint the extent of the difference is known as hysteresis and prevents too frequent switching of the controlled equipment.

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION

This circuit is an implementation of a thermostat with a Schmitt trigger. When there is a variation in temperature, resistance of thermistor changes, which causes variation in output voltage. The circuit converts the temperature in terms of voltage using the transistor. If the temperature exceeds a specific point - the "High threshold", it will arm a relay (not shown) until the temperature falls below the "Low threshold". The difference between high and low threshold is called "hysteresis". The circuit can be adjusted from 22.5oC up to 50oC and has a hysteresis of around 2oC. If for example the circuit is adjusted to 30oC, the relay will be armed when the temperature exceeds this point (30oC), and it will be disarmed when the temperature falls below 28oC. R1 is a 10K NTC thermistor. Along with R2, they make a voltage divider. The voltage output of this divider will change according to the temperature change. This voltage is then driven directly to the inverting input of the 741, a normal configuration for a single power supply Schmitt trigger using OP-Amp. The output of the 741 drives the PNP power transistor. The output is reversed and the load is directly driven from this transistor. When R5 is turned completely to the left (0 ohms), the load will be actuated above the 22oC, and when it is completely right (max resistance) it will be actuated above 50oC. The range depends upon the components value selected.

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

Setpoint - 1

setpoint

Setpoint + 1

Temperature Progress
< Colder Warmer > Switch heating on Temperature Progress Switch heating off

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

ADVANTAGES

High sensitivity due to use of thermistor. Use of Schmitt Trigger increases noise immunity. Hysteresis avoids rapid switching.

DISADVANTAGES
Thermistor has a non-linear response. Single thermostat cannot control the temperature of a complete home alone.

Self-heating effect of thermistor introduces error.

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

APPLICATIONS

It can be used in : Refrigerators and air conditioner systems. Home automation system. Alarm system. Cooling of computers. Home automation to save energy.

SCCD PROJECT 3RD YEAR INSTRUMENTATION

CONCLUSION
The designed and mentioned OpAmp based Thermostat is thus Implemented and tested. The circuit thus drives the fan i.e. (on or off ). According to the output of Schmitt trigger which is indirectly based on the temperature sensed by the thermistor. Thus thermostat senses the temperature and maintains it near the set-point.

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COMPONENT LIST
Resistors:R1 NTC 103 10 KOhm NTC Thermistor R2 Resistor 4.7 KOhm R3 Resistor 100 KOhm R4 Resistor 5.6 KOhm R5 5 KOhms potentiometer R6-7 Resistor 2.2 KOhm

Integrated Circuits:IC1 LM741 Operational Amplifier

Transistors:Q1 2N2907 General purpose amplifier and switching transistor

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REFERENCES
BOOKS:

Ramakant Gaikwad, Op-Amp & Linear ICs, PHI Perason Education. Roy Choudhary, Linear Integrated Circuits, Wiley Eastern.

WEBSITES: www.wikipedia.com www.alldatasheets.com www.google.com www.electronicsforyou.com www.craig.copperleife.com

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