Constructive Solid Geometry This is done by selecting the plane and pressing XKEY and

then button which will be shown on the

Creating booleans in Blender is not as simple as in screen. After the 3D view is all empty except the cursor, it
many computer aided design applications. These tools is time to change the the view to Front view which can be
which are also called constuctive solid geometry tools achieved by pressing PAD_1 or selecting the button
can be used to for example make holes and connect pressed with "F" option in image below.
objects. Blender doesn't has CSG tools, only C-Key
owners can enjoy of intersection tool which enables
CSG style feature. Without CSG tools it is also possible
to create really complex objects with holes and
attachments. In the The Cube
image 1 is introduced
different kind of Now the camera is seen
boolean operators from behind but the area
which can be done for is still empty, so it is good
two spheres. time to create the first
object, the cube. Press
This tutorial will SPACEKEY and the
explain how to make menu will appear on the
simple CSG manually. 3D window. Select ADD
Selected objects are Mesh buttons and new
cube and tube which are easily done in Blender and menu will be shown, the Cube button should be selected.
objects doesn't need complex manipulation to achieve Menu selections are introduced in image 3.
the result. It always needs some imagination to achieve
really complex CSG without proper tools.

How to do the object in Blender then

Start Blender and you will see the startup screen

showed in Image 2. First thing is to erase the plane.

The Blender menu can be shown as well by pressing the

question mark character in the blue triangle at the top right
corner of the Blender window.

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After creating the the cube, looks the 3D view just like As noticed from side view the tube is too short so it should
there would be a plane. So it might be better to check that be stretched. Scaling the whole tube is not accurate enough
the object really is a cube. Moving the mouse cursor over for this action, so both ends of the tube should be moved to
the 3D window pressing mouse middle button down and same level as sides of the cube.
same time moving the mouse a little bit, the 3D world
rotates like in image 4. That is anyway not the way the The object is still in EditMode but all vertices of the tube are
cube is easiest to be edited still selected, which is shown by yellow color. By pressing
so, pressing the 1_PAD key AKEY all vertices will be deselected. Next the left side
the 3D view is changed back vertices of the tube will be moved exactly to same y location
to front view. In this point as the left vertices of the cube. This is done by setting the
the edit mode could be cursor to the other side of the cube and selecting the side
leaved, but it is not with BKEY and growing the selection rectangle over left
recommended because cube side vertices of the cube (image 7).
and tube should be anyway
to be joined together later.

The Tube

Making the tube is just as hard as making the cube. By

presing the SPACEKEY mesh menu will appear on the
screen. And because the previous object which was created
was from mesh class the Blender offers that this object
could be mesh as well. This makes the tube selection really
simple (image 5). The cursor still sits on the middle of the 3D view but can be
easily moved to the middle of all those four side points
which just were selected by pressing SHIFT-S and selecting
Curs -> Sel from the menu. Image 8 shows rotated view of
the 3Dwindow after the
3Dcursor has been moved to
right place. Scaling vertices
using 3Dcursor as zero point
By selecting the tube from the menu another menu will will move all selected vertices
appear on the screen asking how many vertices there towards the 3Dcursor and
should be in the tube. The default value 32 is just ok, eventually move all vertices to
accepting the value is done by pressing the OK button next one point which is the
to the number. Now the tube will appear around of the 3DCursor. But because the
cube. Because the tube is wanted to be inside the cube it meaning is move vertices so
has to be scaled so it fits into the cube. Of course the cube their y-coordinate will be same as the y-coordinate of left
could be scaled bigger but then much of great modelling vertices of cube the scaling will be done disabling all other
techniques would be without teaching. Scaling is done by axis scaling except the y-axis. So how this all can be done ?
pressing SKEY and same Now the situation is approximately like in image 8, but the
time moving the mouse. It view point is from side view (3_PAD). Now all vertices
has to be done so the mouse should be deselected (AKEY) and tube's left vertices should
is moved toward the middle be selected (BKEY and rectangle over tube's left vertices).
point. While scaling The 3DCursor should be selected as zero point and this can
pressing the CTRL button be done by pressing DOTKEY or selecting the button
down the scaling will use activated in image below.
grids. In this tutorial scaling
factor was 0.4 for all axises.
The result should be
something like in the image 6, if the 3D view is rotated.
Now the tube should be edited so the tube is exactly same Time for scaling vertices y-coordinate to correct place. First
length as the side of the cube. This can be easily done from the mouse cursor should be moved to left or right side of the
side view which can be achieved by pressing 3_PAD key. 3DCursor then the SKEY should be pressed and the mouse
cursor has to be moved to left or right and same time when
moving the mouse pressing mouse middle button.

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All vertices has been moved to same y coordinate after the Sizey is This can be verified from top row which tells
0.000. The CTRL (the grid mode) should be pressed down before how many faces has
accepting the scaling by left mouse button. Image 9 shows how the been selected. The
vertices are moved to correct count should be "1",
place and also there are all image 11 shows the
values of the sizes of object rotated 3Dwindow and
axises. Now it is time to part of the top row.
move right vertices of the After all vertices has
tube to same y coordinate as been selected the face
right vertices of the cube. should be removed by
This is done exactly same pressing XKEY and
way as left side. First AKEY selecting the "Only
to deselect all vertices, then Faces" from the
BKEY and rectangle over popdown menu, which
right side of the cube and SHIFT-S and Curs->Sel to move the is shown in image 12. After face has been
3DCursor. Then BKEY to select right vertices of the tube and SKEY erased new faces with hole in the middle can
to move vertices towards the 3DCursor. Because the cursor is already be created by pressing SHIFT-F which is seen
set to be the midpoint of scaling and rotating the DOTKEY doesn't in image 13. After left side faces have been
has to be pressed. At last it is time to exit the EditMode by pressing created the right
the TABKEY. Same time the EditMode side should be
is exited the object data is saved to done, by first
Undo Buffer. So next time EditBuffer is deselecting all
entered and the object is edited the vertices AKEY
saved data could be returned by then selecting
pressing UKEY. right side
vertices BKEY,
erasing face
Cutting the Hole XKEY and
creating new ones with SHIFT-F.
So EditMode should be entered immediatelly after it was leaved, just
because the object data was saved to Undo Buffer. Entering the Ready Cube with Hole
EditMode is done by pressing TABKEY. So how to cut the hole to
the cube ? The technique is pretty simple. First both side faces of the Now there is ready cube with hole in it. The
cube should be erased and then those sides have to be created again whole cube can be seen by pressing the
but this time so the tubes hole is in the face. The easiest way to erase TABKEY to exit the EditMode and then
side faces is to enter the side view selecting the ZKEY to see the shaded version
with 3_PAD and then select left of the cube. In the image 14 can be seen
vertices of the cube using BKEY and rotated view of the cube. If trying to create
drawing rectangle over vertices. It three tubical
doesn't matter if left vertices of the holes through
tube are selected as well, because the cube so
there are no faces. tubes will cross
in the middle of
the cube, would
make this
tutorial really
complex. It is
possible with
C-Key pretty easily but even with it, it needs
some imagination, so how should it be done
without C-Key ? Maybe this question will be
tutorialized some day. So see you in advanced
tutorial section after some time.

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