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Formulas Matematicas Basicas (By Carrascal)

This document provides an overview of basic mathematics topics including algebraic expressions, equations, progressions, geometry, trigonometry, logarithms, and complex numbers. Formulas and properties of these concepts are defined. Examples include the binomial theorem, solving linear and quadratic equations, arithmetic and geometric sequences, areas of geometric shapes, and logarithm and trigonometric identities.

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Iñaki
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2K views

Formulas Matematicas Basicas (By Carrascal)

This document provides an overview of basic mathematics topics including algebraic expressions, equations, progressions, geometry, trigonometry, logarithms, and complex numbers. Formulas and properties of these concepts are defined. Examples include the binomial theorem, solving linear and quadratic equations, arithmetic and geometric sequences, areas of geometric shapes, and logarithm and trigonometric identities.

Uploaded by

Iñaki
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matemticas bsicas (by Carrascal)

Si no puedes leer correctamente esta pgina web, puedes verla en Scribd: [Binomio de Newton] [Progresiones] [Longitudes, reas y volmenes] [Potencias] [Logaritmos] [Nmeros complejos] [Algunas constantes] a 2 - b2 (a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)3 Media aritmtica entre a y b Media geomtrica entre a y b (a + b) (a - b) a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 a b + 2 a c + 2 b c a3 + b3 + c3 + 3 (a2 b + a2 c + b2 a + b2 c + c2 a + c2 b) + 6 a bc (a + b) / 2 a.b/2 Teorema de Pitgoras Tringulo recto de catetos a y b e hipotenusa c a2 + b2 = c2

Ecuacin de primer grado: a x + b = 0 (a 0) Solucin (una, real) x=-b/a Ecuacin de segundo grado: a x2 + b x + c = 0 (a 0) Soluciones x1 = [- b + (b2 - 4 a c )1/2 ] / (2a) x2 = [- b - (b2 - 4 a c )1/2 ] / (2a) x1 x2 = c / a verificando que: x1 + x2 = - b / a

Binomio de Newton
(a + b)m = (1+ x)m = (a + b)2 (a - b)2 (a + b)3 am + m am-1 b1 + [m (m-1) / 2!] am-2 b2 + [m (m-1) (m-2) / 3!] am-3 b3 + ... 1 + m x + [m (m-1) / 2!] x2 + [m (m-1) (m-2) / 3!] x3 + ... a2 + 2 a b + b2 a2 - 2 a b + b2 a3 + 3 a2 b + 3 a b2 + b3

(a - b)3

a3 - 3 a2 b + 3 a b2 - b3 Tringulo de Tartaglia (o de Pascal) Representan los coeficientes del Binomio de Newton

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 6 4 1 1 5 10 10 5 1 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 Progresiones

Aritmticas

an = an-1 + d Trmino ensimo Suma de los n primeros trminos Interpolar m trminos entre a y b an = a1 + (n - 1) d Sn = (a1 + an) n / 2 d = (b - a) / (m + 1) an = an-1 . r an = a1 . rn-1 Sn = a1 (rn - 1) / (r - 1) S = a1 / (1 - r)

Geomtricas

Trmino ensimo Suma de los n primeros trminos

Suma de los trminos para | r | < 1

Producto de los n primeros trminos

P = [a1 an] n/2

(1/(m+1)) Interpolar m trminos entre a y b r = (b / a)

Algunas funciones notables Valor absoluto |x| x si x > 0

-x si x <0 Delta de Kronecker ij = 1 si i = j = 0 si i j Funcin de Heaviside H (x) = 1 si x 0 = 0 si x < 0 Signo de x sgn x = 1 si x > 0 = 0 si x = 0 = -1 si x < 0 Funciones pares e impares Funcin par Funcin impar f (-x) = f (x) f (-x) = - f (x) Longitudes, reas y volmenes Longitudes Longitud de una circunferencia de radio R reas Cuadrado de lado a Rectngulo de base b y altura h Tringulo de base b y altura h Tringulo rectngulo de catetos a y b Tringulo issceles de lados iguales a y ngulo desigual a2 bh bh/2 a b /2 (a2 sen ) /2 2R

2 Tringulo equiltero de lado a a 3 / 4

Rombo de diagonales D y d Trapecio de bases B y b y altura h Crculo de radio R Corona circular de radio interior a y exterior b

Dd/2 (B + b) h / 2 R2 (b2 - a2)

Elipse de semiejes a y b Superficie lateral de un cilindro de radio R y altura h Superficie de una esfera de radio R rea lateral del cono Volmenes Cubo de lado a Ortoedro de lados a, b y c Pirmide de altura h y rea de la base B Esfera de radio R Elipsoide de semiejes a, b y c Cilindro de radio R y altura h Cono recto de radio R y altura h Potencias ab . ac = ab+c (ab)c = abc Logaritmos log ab = c ac = b log (a . b) = log a + log b

ab 2Rh 4 R2 r g (donde g es la generatriz)

a3 abc Bh/3 4 R3 / 3 4abc/3 R2 h R2 h / 3

log ab = b log a log (a / b) = log a - log b Nmeros complejos i2 = -1

Forma binmica Forma polar

z=a+ib donde a es la parte real y b la parte imaginaria r[] r = [a2 + b2]1/2 = arc tg (b/a) a = r cos

Paso de forma binmica a forma polar Paso de forma polar a forma binmica

b = r sen Forma trigonomtrica y exponencial Complejo conjugado Frmula de Euler z = a + i b = r[] = r cos + i r sen = r ei z* = a - i b ei = cos + i sen Operaciones con nmeros complejos Sean z1 = a1 + i b1 = r1 [1] ; z2 = r2 [2] = a2 + i b2 Suma Diferencia Producto Cociente z1 + z2 = [a1 + a2] + i [b1 + b2] z1 - z2 = [a1 - a2] + i [b1 - b2] z = z1 . z2 = r1 r2 [1 + 2] z = z1 / z2 = r1 / r2 [1 2] Algunas constantes (con 4 decimales) ln 3 3.1416 1.0986 e 21/2 2.7183 1.4142 ln 2 31/2 0.6931 1.7321

Pgina inicial (antes en http://es.geocities.com/fisicas): http://www.carrascal.net46.net/fisicas/ Correo electrnico: [email protected]


Esta seccin (desde la pgina inicial): FRMULAS / MATEMTICAS / MATEMTICAS BSICAS

Los autores: Mari Paz Hortelano Gmez e Iaki Carrascal Mozo Castrillo de Don Juan. Palencia. (Espaa) En la red desde el 15/03/1998 - ltimas modificaciones: 15/05/2003 - 21/10/2003 - 22/08/2004 22/12/2012

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