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Steps Toward War

The document traces the steps that led the United States toward the Civil War, beginning with the different colonial heritages of the North and South and tensions over slavery that emerged during the writing of the Constitution. Key events discussed include the Missouri Compromise, the rise of abolitionism, the Mexican-American War, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, Lincoln's election and southern secession, and the outbreak of war with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.

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Bruce Clary
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53 views

Steps Toward War

The document traces the steps that led the United States toward the Civil War, beginning with the different colonial heritages of the North and South and tensions over slavery that emerged during the writing of the Constitution. Key events discussed include the Missouri Compromise, the rise of abolitionism, the Mexican-American War, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, Lincoln's election and southern secession, and the outbreak of war with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.

Uploaded by

Bruce Clary
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Steps toward War

Dr. Bruce Clary Thursday, January 3, 2013

Puritan Heritage in North

Cavalier Heritage in South

John Winthrop 17th-Century Governor Massachusetts Bay Colony

Henry Laurens 18th-Century Vice Gov. South Carolina Colony

Northwest Ordinance 1787 Established territory west of the Appalachians and north of the Ohio River as free territory

There was never a moment during the earliest years of our national history when the slavery issue was not a sleeping serpent. The issue lay coiled up under the table during the deliberations of the Constitutional Convention in 1787. It was, owing to the cotton gin, more than half awake at the time of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.... Thereafter, slavery was on everyone's mind, though not always on his tongue. John Jay Chapman

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. Article I, Section 1 U.S. Constitution

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Article IV, Section 4 U.S. Constitution

The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. Article I, Section 9 U.S. Constitution

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Preamble U.S. Constitution

There was never a moment during the earliest years of our national history when the slavery issue was not a sleeping serpent. The issue lay coiled up under the table during the deliberations of the Constitutional Convention in 1787. It was, owing to the cotton gin, more than half awake at the time of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Thereafter, slavery was on everyones mind, though not always on his tongue John Jay Chapman

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Missouri Compromise of 1820

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Rise of Abolitionism
1820-30s: American Colonization Society 1831: First issue of The Liberator
I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. Urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD. William Lloyd Garrison

1833: American Anti-Slavery Society founded 1842: Frederick Douglass gives his first lecture 1845: Douglass publishes his Narrative

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The Nullification Crisis


In 1828 and 1832, Congress passes tariffs that exacerbate economic difficulties plaguing South Carolina. South Carolina passes an Ordinance of Nullification, claiming that the tariffs shall not apply in the state. President Jackson pushes through the Force Bill, which empowers the federal government to enforce the tariff.

Please give my compliments to my friends in your State and say to them, that if a single drop of blood shall be shed there in opposition to the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man I can lay my hand on engaged in such treasonable conduct, upon the first tree I can reach. Andrew Jackson

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Manifest Destiny
Three Key Themes the virtue of the American people and their institutions; the mission to spread these institutions, thereby redeeming and remaking the world in the image of the U.S.; and the destiny under God to accomplish this work.

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Mexican-American War 1846-48

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Compromise of 1850

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Compromise of 1850

Enacts the Fugitive Slave Act Admits California as a free state Opens New Mexico and Utah territories under popular sovereignty

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Published in 1852, it sold 300,000 copies in the U.S. alone in its first year. The books impact was so great that when Lincoln met Stowe, he allegedly said, So this is the little lady who made this big war.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)


Creates territories of Kansas and Nebraska Repeals the Missouri Compromise Establishes popular sovereignty, empowering territorial settlers to determine if they will allow slavery within their boundaries

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Bleeding Kansas 1854-58

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Dred Scott Decision 1857


U.S. Supreme Court rules that
The authors of the Constitution, said Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in his decision, viewed all blacks as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations, and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.

No people of African descent could be citizens Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories and, thus, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Slaves cannot be taken from owners without due process

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John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry
October 1859

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Election of Abraham Lincoln November 6, 1860


I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.
Abraham Lincoln

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Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was a last-ditch effort by a Kentucky senator to head off the secession crisis. It would have Guaranteed the existence of slavery in the slave states Permanently re-established the Missouri Compromise line: slavery would be prohibited north of the 3630 parallel and guaranteed south of it The compromise included a clause that it could not be repealed or amended.

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Order of Secession
December 20, 1860 January 9, 1861 January 10, 1861 January 11, 1861 January 19, 1861 January 26, 1861 February 1, 1861 South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas

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Lincoln Inaugural
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict, without being yourselves the aggressors. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearth-stone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.

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April 12, 1861

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Order of Secession
April 17, 1861 May 6, 1861 May 6, 1861
May 20, 1861

Virginia Tennessee Arkansas North Carolina Missouri Kentucky

Oct. 31, 1861


Nov. 20, 1861

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