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Instruction Manual: Test Signal Generator

This document provides instructions for using a test signal generator. It describes standard test signals like step, ramp, and parabolic inputs that are used to analyze the transient and steady-state behavior of control systems. The procedure explains how to generate each signal type and measure the output voltage at different times to observe the expected linear (ramp) or quadratic (parabolic) patterns. Charting the results helps verify that the test signal generator is working properly to provide standardized inputs for evaluating control system performance.

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43 views7 pages

Instruction Manual: Test Signal Generator

This document provides instructions for using a test signal generator. It describes standard test signals like step, ramp, and parabolic inputs that are used to analyze the transient and steady-state behavior of control systems. The procedure explains how to generate each signal type and measure the output voltage at different times to observe the expected linear (ramp) or quadratic (parabolic) patterns. Charting the results helps verify that the test signal generator is working properly to provide standardized inputs for evaluating control system performance.

Uploaded by

nileshsaw
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

HITECH

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR Control systems are generally called upon to perform under transient (dynamic) and steady state conditions. A feed back control system has the inherent capability that its parameters can be adjusted to alter both its parameters can be adjusted to alter both its transient and steady-state behavior. In order to analyze the transient and steady-state (these two together are referred to as time response of control systems, the first step always is to obtain a mathematical model of the system. For any specific input signal a complete time response expression can then be obtained through the laplace transform inversion (or through convolution integral in case the input is such that we cannot obtain its transform). This expression yields the steady-state behavior of the system with time tending to infinity. In case of simple deterministic signals , steady-state response can also be obtained directly without obtaining the time response expression by use of the final value theorem. Before proceeding with the time response analysis of a control system. It is necessary to test the stability of the system. System stability can be tested through indirect tests without actually obtaining the transient response. In case the system happens to be unstable, we need not proceed with its transient response analysis. Usually the input signals to the control systems are not known fully ahead of time. In most cases these signals may be random in nature e.g in a radar tracking system, the position and speed of the target to be tracked may vary in a random fashion. It is thus difficult to express the actual input signals mathematically by simple equations. The characteristics of actual signals which severally strain a control system are sudden shock, a sudden change, a constant velocity and a constant acceleration. System dynamic behavior for the analysis and design is therefore judged and compared under application of standard test signals an implus, a step, a constant velocity ( a ramp input) and constant acceleration (a parabolic input). Another standard test signal of great importance is sinusoidal signal. Steady-state response to a

sinusoidal test signal yields a great deal of information about the system particularly because the actual inputs can generally be recognized to contain a band of frequencies from zero onwards (feedback control systems are low-pass filters). Because of its importance sinusoidal steady-state response of control system will be dealt in considerable detail in chapter 8 & 9 . the response of a control system to the above mentioned stand and test signals has normally a good co-relation with its response to actual inputs. The nature of the transient response is revealed by any of the test signals mentioned above as this nature is dependent upon system poles only and not on the type of input. It is therefore sufficient to analyze the transient response to one of the standard test signals a step is generally used for this purpose. Steady-state response is then examined with respect to this particular test signals as well as other test signals, the advantage being that the time consuming transient analysis need not be carried for all the test signals, while the steady-state response can be quickly determined by the final value theorem as pointed out already. The time response performance of a control system is measured by computing several time response performance indices as well as steadystate accuracy. These indices give a quantitative method to compare the performance of alternative system configurations or to adjust the parameters of given system. As given parameter is varied, various performance indices may change in a conflicting manner. The best parameter choice would thus be the best compromise solution. Certain of the performance indices may be specified as upper or lower bounds in a design. The step is a signal whose value changes from one level (usually zero) to another level A in zero time.

The mathematical representation of the step function is r(t) = Au (t) where u(t) = 1 : t>0 = 0 :t<0 In the laplace transform form R(s) = A/s The graphical representation of a step signal is shown in fig.1 RAMP SIGNAL The ramp is a signal which starts at a value of zero and increases linearly with time, mathematically. r(t) r(t) = At : t>0 =0 :t<0 in the laplace transform form, R(s) = A/s The graphical representation of a ramp signal is shown in fig.2 from eqn.1 and 2, it is seen that a ramp signal is integral of a step signal.

The mathematical representation of this signal is r(t) = At/2 : t>0 = 0 : t<0 In the laplace transform from R(s) = A/s

The graphical representation of a parabolic signal is shown in fig.3 From eqns. (2) & (3) , it is seen that a parabolic signal is integral of a ramp signal. OPERATING INSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT REQUIRED 1. Digital voltmeter 2. Test signal generator PROCEDURE 1. Plug in two pin power chord to mains supply of 230V, 50CPS. 2. Keep the output selector switch in position 1 step LED will glow. 3. Connect digital voltmeter across output terminals. The DVM should be in D-C volt range. 4. Adj. the step level Adj control , the D.C voltage should be variable from 0 to 10 VDC 5. Now keep the selector switch in position Z ramp LED will glow 6. Keep the DISCHARGE RESET switch in discharge position. Now bring the switch in RESTART MODE TABULATE your results as below with respect to watch. Time in seconds Output Voltage 0 5 10 15 20 25

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

7. Plot a graph between time in second Vs the output voltage it should be linear. PARABOLIC SIGNAL 1. Now keep the selector switch in position 3 parabolic LED will glow. 2. Initially keep the switch in discharge position. So that parabolic output is zero. Now put the switch in RESTART MODE . Tabulate your results as below Time in seconds 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 output voltage

3. Plot a graph between time and output voltage . it should be parabolic in nature.

TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR OBSERVATION


S.NO. TIME IN SECONDS RAMP(mV) PARABOLIC(Mv)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

0 10 50 85 170 270 390 540 690 890 1100 1300 1500

Note : The above reading are typical ones. They will vary from unit to unit.

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