Scribd
Upload
181 views

SMPS Topology

There are two main classes of SMPS topologies: feed forward converters and push pull converters. Feed forward converters use fewer switching elements but have the disadvantage of only using the transformer's core in one direction, resulting in lower maximum power transfer. Push pull converters like half bridge and full bridge topologies have the advantage of using the core's maximum power by utilizing the full magnetic flux swing in both directions. When designing the transformer, it is important to consider factors like core saturation, winding isolation, transistor selection, and testing procedures to ensure proper functionality.

Uploaded by

Grigore Man
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
181 views

SMPS Topology

There are two main classes of SMPS topologies: feed forward converters and push pull converters. Feed forward converters use fewer switching elements but have the disadvantage of only using the transformer's core in one direction, resulting in lower maximum power transfer. Push pull converters like half bridge and full bridge topologies have the advantage of using the core's maximum power by utilizing the full magnetic flux swing in both directions. When designing the transformer, it is important to consider factors like core saturation, winding isolation, transistor selection, and testing procedures to ensure proper functionality.

Uploaded by

Grigore Man
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

SMPS topologies

Hello,

I want to open a topic with my latest research findings regarding trafo designs for DIY SMPS. This info is took from friends, internet so maybe nothing new but I think could be persons not familiar with all these aspects. I would like to begin with smps topologies, as far as I read there are 2 main classes for SMPS: feed forward converters and push pull converters. Feed Forward converteres have the advantage of using less switching elements, cheaper elements: ex. replacing 1 transistor with a diode or 2 transistors from the full bridge with 2 diodes. But the big disadvantage is they use the B in only one direction having higher chances of saturating the core. You can see in attached document. Due to this you have not only the disadvantage of using the trafo at half of the maximum power also you can add the Br with is the magnetic remanence which lower even more to ~40% of the maximum power.

Push Pull Converters like half bridge, full bridge, 2 transistor push-pull. Those converters have the advantage of using the core to maximum power using the maximum B swing from - to + B. Because the current is circulating in 2 directions having less chances of saturating the core. But the disadvantages could be using boostrap drivers like IRS21xxx having some charge-pump to drive the highside or GDT transformers so more elements needed.

For design equations I use pretty simple formulas likethey can be adapted depending on each topology like Vin/2 or stuff like this) Minimum nr or turns per primary winding: (imporntant here is Bs = ~Bs - Br for feed forward topology and Bs = 2xBs for push pull)

T = ON switch time Nr of turns per secondary winding:

Core maximum power transfer.

This formula is based on current density of 420A/cm2 in the windings, and assumes a window utilization of 40% copper. At low frequencies, the flux swing is limited by saturation, but above 50kHz (ferrite), B is usually limited by core losses. Use the B value that results in a core loss of 100mW/cm 3 (2times the flux density given in the core losscurves). Capacitors estimations DC blocking cap calculations:

Input capacitor:

Primary peak current and rms current:

All formulas from above are implemented successfully in the software "ExcellentITEn(4000)" and on Halbbrucken the german online calculator. I've try them and obtained similar results.

With this in mind you must start building the transformer. Better to separate the primary and secondary with PVC shild tape, if you need 2 primary windings for push pull and supply to 325Vdc you might use the method of using 2 wires in parallel but not sure if the wire isolation laquer will stand up to 650V what do you think? Another think you must choose your transistors for the converter and to be capable to withstand the input currents, and the breakdown voltage should be high enough not to punchthrough the transistor jonction. Better to mount transistors on heatsinks and monitor the temperature when testing. Put snubbers only if necessary, this you can check with an oscilloscope. For example check the Vds on Low side transistor. This you can do safe without any galvanic isolation for the oscilloscope. Testing. Here I had an interesting idea. To test backwards is more convinient due to small voltage on secondary and less danger, not to pop-up the MOS like popcorn. So you must reverse the primary and secondary and connect on your half, full bridge what ever topology you have... use the frequency as in calculation above and increase the voltage slowly monitoring the current shape with an oscilloscope would be better on primary if the current is going liniar then is ok if the slope is changing going steeper then this is a sign of saturation and you must avoid that area by increasing frequency or modify the nr of turns or lowering the Vin voltage(usually this you cannot do). Please correct me if I'm wrong. Also I saw the primary inductance saturation phenomen is not influenced by the secondary's load. So why not testing at the beggining without load to check where the saturation ocours and to recalibrate your calculations and evreything. For more details like pictures nr of turns evreything on this I will come up with another post. Special thanks to Mihai (Mgm2000). Much of the info was took from: http://www.lodestonepacific.com/dist...tion_Notes.pdf http://www.ti.com/lit/ml/slup126/slup126.pdf http://www.ti.com/lit/ml/slup083/slup083.pdf I will continue with 2 more topics like: Testing trafo backwards and Full bridge converter functionality -> an aspect of energy circulation between primary winding and Vin capacitor.

You might also like