Secondary pipe support devices:devices:Name Anchors Base Anchors Base Guides Base Supports Cradles Directional Anchor Purpose

Prevent the movement of the pipe line normally in a pipe rack Frequency High

Prevent any movement of a piping assembly normally at Low grade Allows only vertical movement (up or down) of piping assemblies at grade Provides support under piping assemblies normally at grade Provides protection for cold insulation when crossings a pipe support in pipe racks Restricts the movement of a pipe line to a specific direction pipe racks Low High High for cold service High High rb

Dummy Support Provides added length to a pipeline for the purpose of Legs support. Not restricted to only pipe rack usage
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Field Supports

A catchall term sometimes used by a piping High designer that includes any type of noninfrastructure support. These items are not location specific. Provides restraint to keep a pipe line in place in horizontal pipe racks or vertical pipe racks in buildings or up tall equipment Provides restraint and keeps pipe line in place A wide verity of top-down pipe supports situations, not location specific. Prevents or controls mechanical vibration in piping systems. Provides additional mass for thin wall pipe at a point of concentrated stress loading. This item is not location specific. Provides support of pipes from other pipes or overhead beams and is not location specific.
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Guides

High

U Bolt Hanger Rods Hold Downs Load Distribution Pads Pick-ups

Moderate High Vibration specific Low

Moderate

Shoes

Provides "mini-supports for lines with hot insulation normally only used only at pipe support points

High

Trunnions

Provides load-carrying points for vertical pipelines most often used to support pipes attached to tall vertical vessels or hung from tall structures.

Low

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U-BOLT:BOLT:-

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Anchors:Anchors:A rigid support that restricts movement in all three orthogonal directions and all three rotational directions. This usually is a welded stanchion that is welded or bolted to steel or concrete. Two types of anchors exist: fixed and directional. Fixed anchors are used in locations where all movement of a line must be prevented. In piping terms this is called a fixed point. The most common way to anchor a pipe is to weld the pipe directly to a support or structural member. If the pipe to be anchored is insulated, first a pipe shoe is welded to the pipe and then the shoe is welded to the steel structure.
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Base Anchors:Anchors:This will occur most often at control valve manifolds (or stations) situated close to grade or a platform. Base anchors are simply a stub of pipe (dummy leg) attached to the lower portion of an elbow and extended to grade (or platform). A square steel plate is welded flat to the pipe. The plate may have holes in it and be clinch-anchored to the paving or welded to platform steel. The sizing of the "pipe leg" can be the same as for Dummy leg.
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Base Guides:Guides:-

This item is constructed of the material and methods as the base anchor except that the bottom plate is not bolted or welded down. For this item angle iron strips are installed on two opposite sides (depending on desired movement) to control the direction.
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Base Supports:Supports:This is another name for one of the items that sometimes falls under the name Field Support. This item also has a dummy leg type pipe extension (or stub) welded down from an elbow. However, the bottom end of the stub is threaded using a straight (conduit) thread machine. A straight thread, conduit coupling is then used to make height adjustments to the support. When this is required for high cost piping materials that require post weld heat treating the stub is shortened and added in the shop.
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The balance of the stub is added in the field from carbon steel. Another variation of this is restricted to small diameter piping. For this a 3'-0" (1 meter) length of 3"x3" steel angle is welded to a 6"x6" plate. Holes are drilled in the angle at the proper elevation and a "U" bolt secures the pipe to the angle.
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Cradles:Cradles:This device is normally fabricated from carbon steel that is shaped to fit the outside diameter of cold insulation. The potential number of sizes for this item can be vast. The sizing requirements are based on (a) the pipe size, (b) the insulation thickness, (c) the load bearing capability of the insulation, (d) the length of the required cradle and (e) the thickness of the cradle material. The pipe size, the insulation thickness
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and the load bearing capability should be easy to understand. The length of the cradle is influenced by questions such as: Does this line require an anchor at this cradle? What kind of pipe supports do we have at the point of this cradle? How much thermal movement will this line "see" at the point of this cradle? All of these items effect the cradle length. If there is to be an anchor at this cradle and the forces are substantial then the cradle thickness may need to be increased.
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Directional Anchor:Anchor:-

Directional anchors are used to force movement to occur in one direction while preventing it from occurring in the opposite direction. Directional anchors are used to direct a pipe's movement away from buildings, structures, equipment etc..
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Dummy Support Legs - (or Dummy Legs):Legs):-

This is simply a piece of pipe extended from an elbow to provide support when a pipe line enters or leaves a pipe rack short of a support and is left improperly supported. A stub or length of pipe sized to carry the load is welded to the elbow and extended beyond the support. The length and the wall schedule of the
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DUMMY LEG SUPPORT

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pipe extension are a rather complex formula based on the parent line size and the total load. The total load is based on the distance (in direction of flow) from the last support to the drop, the distance of the drop, the distance from the drop to the next support, the weight of any insulation plus the weight of the hydrotest water or commodity which ever is greater.
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Field Supports:Supports:This "catch-all" term is used to describe a simple piece of steel angle or channel welded to a column or beam intended to provide a support point for a pipe. As mentioned above (Base Support), this term is also used for the support under control valve stations and pump suction or discharge piping.
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Guides:Guides:-

Guides are predominantly in elevated pipe racks or sleepers to keep the pipes in their assigned berth. Guides are most often short lengths of properly sized steel angle welded to the pipe support on each side of each pipe. For small lines using small angle the angle is installed with the point up, like a pyramid. For larger un-insulated lines with larger angle one leg of the angle is flat on the support and the other is vertical.
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For the installations of guides care must be taken by the installers to leave a small gap between the pipe and the angle to avoid binding. Because of the close spacing of the pipes in a rack guides are attached to alternate pipe bents in staggered fashion.

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Hanger Rods:Rods:-

These devices are one of the most important items used in the piping field. In many if not most cases they are to be properly "designed". Hanger Rods, Rod Hangers and Pipe Hangers all terms for the same device. In general there are three components, a top connection component, a connector component and a bottom component. Top component normally connects to a structural beam. The connector component is normally steel rod, Turnbuckle, Eye nut. The bottom component is normally a pipe clamp.
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Hold-Downs:Hold-Downs:-

These items are a combination of clevises, steel shapes, bolts and compression washers. They are used to hold down the piping on the suction and discharge of reciprocating compressors and pumps. Normally this type of piping is low to
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the ground and supported on sleepers. The holddown is a bridge assembly over the pipe and welded to the sleeper steel plate. The combination of clevices, steel shapes bolts and compression washers exert tension on the pipe to suppress vibration.
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Load Distribution Pads ( Saddle):Saddle):-

This is simply a 120 degree section of pipe about 18" long. The Pad is cut from the same material as the subject line. The Pad is opened up a little to fit the pipe O. D. and then welded to the pipe at the required location.
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Pick-ups:Pick-ups: This is a set of devices used to provide intermediate support for small diameter piping that will not span the existing distance. Its use is normally restricted to locations where the small size pipelines run parallel to one or more large diameter pipelines.
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.This is also used to save the cost in time and

Shoes:Shoes:This device is required to raise a hot insulated off the structural support surface. The reason for this is to prevent damage to the insulation as the pipe expands as it heats up and shrinks as it cools down. For pipe sizes 3" thru 10" a simple inverted "T" shoe with a flat bottom plate and one (single) vertical plate should be used.

PIPE SHOE

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 Shoes:For pipe sizes 12" thru 18" a shoe with a flat bottom plate and two (double) vertical plates Load Distribution Plate where thin wall pipe should be used. For pipe sizes 20" and larger consideration should be given to the additional support. The material for pipe shoes will normally be carbon steel. However, where the pipeline is an exotic material this would cause a weld of dissimilar metals to exist where the shoe is attached to the pipe. For shoes used on exotic materials only the bottom plate is carbon steel. The (single or double) vertical plates are made of the same SHOE WITH CLAMP material as the pipe.
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Slide Plates:Plates:-

These plates provide movement of pipe freely along the supporting surface. The materials used as slide plate should have low coefficient of friction.

Slide Plates
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Trunnions: Trunnions:-

TRUNNION

SUPPORT
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For this device a vertical pipeline will have two (2) stub pipes attached horizontally to opposite sides of the pipe. One end of these stub pipes is shaped to fit the O.D. of the vertical pipe the other end is normally square cut. The shaped end of the stubs are welded to the vertical pipe with fillet weld. When used on a pipe attached to and supported from a vertical vessel the vessel department supplies the primary support.
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Coordination of size, type, elevation, orientation, etc. between the piping designer and the vessel group is required. When used on a pipe attached to and supported from a vertical structure the structural department supplies the primary support. Coordination of size, type, elevation, location, etc. between the piping designer and the structural group is required.

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The recommended practice for all of these secondary pipe support devices is to determine what is needed. Start out with items that are found to have consistent and repetitive use within the company's past projects. Document each device complete with parts list and installation instructions. Qualify each device by the specific use criteria based on pipe size, load limitations and application. Define the selection criteria for each based on the qualification criteria.
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Pipe Support Standards:Standards:-

The design, selection and installation of supports follow the Manufacturers Standardization Society ( MSS) standards SP-58, SP-69 and SP-89, respectively. BS 3974, Specification for Pipe Supports, Parts 1, 2, and 3 VGB-R510L ----- German specification

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Responsibility:Responsibility:-

The responsibility lies with the groups involved for structural design, piping design. The piping designer shall provide information to the structural group the type, size , weight. Location of each support on the basis of which structural designer shall made provision for supports. Sketches of Pipe supports: See below some of the important Rigid supports used normally in pipe line.
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