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Chapter 6

The document summarizes the key requirements for an effective ventilation system, including providing air with proper quantity, adequate quality, and satisfactory distribution. It outlines different air contaminants like oxygen, carbon dioxide, humidity, odors, poisonous gases, heat, and particles. It also discusses the driving forces for ventilation and different types of air distribution systems. Finally, it provides an example calculation for conditioning outdoor air by heating and adding moisture before supplying it to a room.

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Bedewi Bilal
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66 views

Chapter 6

The document summarizes the key requirements for an effective ventilation system, including providing air with proper quantity, adequate quality, and satisfactory distribution. It outlines different air contaminants like oxygen, carbon dioxide, humidity, odors, poisonous gases, heat, and particles. It also discusses the driving forces for ventilation and different types of air distribution systems. Finally, it provides an example calculation for conditioning outdoor air by heating and adding moisture before supplying it to a room.

Uploaded by

Bedewi Bilal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ByZelfikar Jemal (MSc.

InSustainableEnergyEngineering)

WhatistheRequirementsofventilation

???

The Th ventilation system should provide air with: til ti t h ld id i ith Proper quantity Adequate quality Satisfactory distribution

Outlines: Introduction Oxygen,Carbondioxide,Humidity,Odor&Poisonousgases Oxygen Carbon dioxide Humidity Odor & Poisonous gases Heat,ParticlesandFilters Airexchangeforahouse Ai h f h Drivingforcesforventilation&Typesofairdistribution Airconditioningsystems

Class of Air Contaminants

OxygenDemand Theoxygendemandforanormalperson doinglightwork is doing light work is / about0.006dm3/s. Theoxygencontentinairisabout20%. Whatistheamountofairflowdemandperperson? Theairflowdemandperpersonis: =0.006/0.2dm3/s =108*3600dm3/h / =0.108m3/h

CarbondioxideExcess Inthebodycarbon I h b d b dioxideisproduced. di id i d d Airnormallycontainsabout0.035%CO2 byvolume. Room carbon dioxide concentrations should not exceed 1000 ppm or 0.1 % by volume. pp y 4%byvol.doesnotcausetoomuchdiscomfort. 4 % by vol. does not cause too much discomfort. Insomecases,fivetimestheairflowrequiredfor oxygensupplyisrequiredtoventilatetheCO2, 0.55m3/h.

i.e.

Humidity
A rest, each h At h human b i di i being dissipate about b 0.04 kg water/h. To avoid condensation on inside of windows during a cold winter day, the water content in the air should y, not exceed 0.009 kg water per kg of dry air. If the outdoor water content for the same conditions is 0.001 kg water per kg dry air, then the flow rate of dry air per person should be : 0.04/(0.0090.001) = 5 kg dry air/h = 4 m3/h. 0.04/(0.009 0.001)

Odor The i d Th main odors come f from: Clothes, tobacco, body secretions, respiration, cooking, etc. etc Heat Excessive heat may be removed by means of ventilation.

Poisonous substances Due to more air tight buildings, concentrations of poisonous gases can build up indoors. p g p The toxicity of a substance depends on concentration and ti of exposure. t ti d time f Sometimes the toxicity of substances can be very high even at low concentrations. Therefore there are limit values for concentration

Particles
Deposition of Crystalline quartz, SiO2, cause Silicosis. f ll l Cause death of lung cells and after a long time the elasticity of the lung is decreased the lung hardens (Pneumoconiosis). DepositionofAsbestoscauseslungcancerandAsbestosis. Asbestosdustconsistsoflongfiberswhichare encapsulatedinthealveoli. Deposition of Coal dust causes Anthracosis an illness Anthracosis, for coal mine workers. Filters: Filt Consists of a fiber mesh Remove particles from the air common

Air Distribution

Air Distribution
The system must distribute the right amount of fresh air to the right place. The age of air - young air is fresh, old air is well old.

AIRCONDITIONINGPROCESSES/SYSTEM

The basic type of air conditioning processes are: 1) Simple heating and cooling processes; 2) Cooling with dehumidification; 3) Heating with humidification; 4) Mixing of two air streams; and 5) Evaporative cooling.

Toanalyzeandstudyofairconditioningprocesses theconservationofmassandenergyis gy usedinthe .

Example E l Outdoor air is to be conditioned before it is supplied to a room room. The outdoor temperature is -5 C, and the outdoor relative humidity is 75 %. The air is first heated and thereafter moisturized. Calculate the heating demand, and the amount of water that need to be added to the air if the supply air temperature is 20 C, C and its relative humidity is 60 % The mass flow rate of the %. dry air is 2 kg/s. The moisturization is done by steam injection at a temperature of 100 C C.

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