Scribd
Upload
157 views

Ee634 Spring13 Lecture3 Image Parameters

This document discusses the design of filters using the image parameter method. It defines image impedances which are used to determine the passbands and stopbands of two-port networks similar to periodic structures. Derivations of the image impedances and voltage transfer function are shown assuming the network is terminated with the image impedances. Constant-k low-pass and high-pass filter sections are defined based on the image impedance and propagation factor. Design equations for pi-networks and T-networks are provided relating the image impedance to the cut-off frequency and system impedance.

Uploaded by

AlqoshYimedMathwatha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
157 views

Ee634 Spring13 Lecture3 Image Parameters

This document discusses the design of filters using the image parameter method. It defines image impedances which are used to determine the passbands and stopbands of two-port networks similar to periodic structures. Derivations of the image impedances and voltage transfer function are shown assuming the network is terminated with the image impedances. Constant-k low-pass and high-pass filter sections are defined based on the image impedance and propagation factor. Design equations for pi-networks and T-networks are provided relating the image impedance to the cut-off frequency and system impedance.

Uploaded by

AlqoshYimedMathwatha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Filter Design by the Image Parameter Method

EE634: RF Circuit Design Instructor: Dr. A. Ege Engin

Image Impedance
Using the image impedance, we find the passbands and stopbands of a two-port network, similar in concept to periodic structures. Definition of the image impedances 1 and 2 :

Thus, both ports are matched when terminated in their image impedances.

A two-port network terminated in its image impedances.

Derivation of the Image Impedances


Port voltages and currents in terms of ABCD parameters: The input impedance at Port 1, when port 2 is terminated as in the figure:

Inverting the ABCD matrix we get:

Then, the input impedance at Port 2, when port 1 is terminated as in the figure:

Solution of these two equations for the two unknowns yields:

Voltage Transfer Function


Next we derive the voltage transfer function assuming that the network is terminated with its image impedances. The voltage transfer function can be found as:

A two-port network terminated in its image impedances and driven with a voltage generator

Propagation Factor
Similar to the voltage transfer function, we can find the current transfer function as: The term / can be considered as a transformer turns ratio. Note that for symmetrical networks = . We define a propagation factor as Or equivalently as

Constant- Filters
We now define low-pass and high-pass filter sections based on the image impedance. Similar to periodic structures, when the propagation factor = + is real, the filter is in stopband; when it is imaginary, the filter is in passband. Next we show how to choose and based on the required cut-off frequency and the system impedance 0 .

Why are these filters low pass?

Low-pass constant-k filter sections in T and form. (a) T-section. (b) -section.

-Network
The image impedance can be found for the -network from the table in the previous slide as The cut-off frequency is defined as: Nominal characteristic impedance is defined as: We can then rewrite the image impedance as: The propagation factor is obtained as:

Passband and Stopband Characteristics


is real, = is imaginary, = +

Typical passband and stopband characteristics of the low-pass constant-k sections

High-Pass Filters
For this case, the design equations can be found as:

High-pass constant-k filter sections in T and form. (a) T-section. (b) -section.

Summary
The stopband and passband characteristics of simple - and - networks can be derived using the image parameters. The filter is designed based on the cut-off frequency of the filter and the system impedance 0 A major disadvantage of this filter is that the image impedance equals 0 only at dc, otherwise it varies with frequency. Also, the attenuation is small near cut-off frequency.

You might also like