International Development Issues in Africa DVM 4120A Rita Abrahamsen Fall, 2012

COURSE OUTLINE
Class schedule: Thursday: 16.00 19.00 Room 405, Lamoreux (LMX) Wednesday: 13.00-14.00 Friday: 13.00-14.00 FSS 6082 [email protected]

Office hours: Office: E-mail:

Any questions sent by email should receive a response within two business days or during the following class if taken place within the 48 hours following receipt of the email. Note that the professor reserves the right not to answer an email if the level of language used is inadequate.

OFFICIAL COURSE DESCRIPTION Historical perspective on international development in Africa (colonialism, political regimes, population, conflicts). Areas of development, current and emerging issues linked to international development initiatives in Africa: health, education, food security, economy (including human and natural resources, debt burden, economic models, development strategies), human rights. Prerequisites: DVM2105 and 51 university credits. -----------

THE COURSE Once described as mankinds most ambitious collective enterprise, development has become a controversial and contested terrain. While frequently regarded as a merely technical and managerial issue, the profoundly political nature of development is now increasingly recognised. This course explores the politics of development by focusing on a series of current development issues in Africa, and as such the course is situated at the cutting edge of contemporary development studies. It draws extensively on recently published literature, and asks students to assess scholarly analyses alongside the documents and policy prescriptions of major donors and organisations. In focusing on the politics of development and situating development within broader debates in social theory, the course does not seek to advance a particular vision of development (either politically or theoretically) but instead to draw attention to questions such as who is empowered by particular policies and discourses?; how are resources and power (re)distributed as a result of specific interventions?; what relations and structures remain outside developments purview?. The key aim of the course is thus not only to enable students to analyse the politics of development, but also to assess the difficult normative (and political) challenges that arise from the realisation of development interventions inherent political implications. GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES At the end of the course, students should be able to: Identify and interpret the politics of development in the African context Critically analyse the complexities and challenges of African development Research and evaluate the politics of a specific development issue in Africa ASSESSMENT METHODS There are five assessed elements to the course. 1. Students will be assessed on participation in class (10%). Participation is essential throughout the course, and students will be assessed on the quality (rather than the quantity) of their contributions. You are expected to complete all essential readings, which should inform your contributions in class discussions. You are also expected to attend all classes, and attendance will be monitored. Feedback on how students are performing in terms of participation will be given about half-way through the course. 2. An essay (20%) should be submitted in class on 18 October. Drawing on the readings discussed in the first two substantive seminars, this essay should answer one of two questions: a) How and why, according to Bernstein and Schuurman, has development studies changed and depoliticised the study of development? b) What do you understand by the statement development is political? The essay should be five to eight (5-8) pages, double-spaced and including bibliography and references.

3 & 4. The presentation (10%) and case study essay (30%) are linked activities. For the presentation, students will work in pairs (of two). Presentations will be scheduled according to the relevant subjects covered by the class calendar for the week, i.e. the resource curse, corruption, security, etc. They should be related to the topic of the week, but cover a different country, case study, etc, and not merely repeat the required readings. The presentation should be ten (10) minutes long, and include an analysis of the politics of development as seen in this particular case. Each presentation will be followed by a question and answer session, where the class participants are expected to provide feedback and ask questions about the substance and methodology of the approach adopted. The Q&A session should be constructive, yet probing, and is intended to support the development of the presenters further research and work. Presentations will begin in class on October 4. A maximum of three presentations will be allowed per week. Presentations will be organized during the first seminar meeting. Please note: If a student misses his/her scheduled presentation, no make-up date will be offered and a grade of zero will be assigned to the missing person. One week after the date of the presentation, students will be required to submit a five to eight (5- 8) page case study essay (double-spaced and including references and bibliography). The paper must show evidence of serious effort to critically examine an issue or country in an original manner. It is understood (and permitted) that students will rely on the material presented in class, although a written analysis may require a deeper analysis and the essay should demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the specific case study and the main themes covered by the course. Unlike the presentation, this is an individual assignment. 5. Final Exam. There will be a final exam during the exam period. The exam counts for 30% of the final mark. Further details to follow.
Components of Final Mark

Evaluation format Participation Short essay Presentation Case study essay Final Exam

Weight 10 % 20% 10% 30% 30 %

Date Continuous 18 October 2011 To be arranged 1 week after presentation In exam period

READING: Most required readings are from scholarly journals and are available on line (link in syllabus). Should this fail, all articles can be accessed through the University Librarys e-journals. (Please let me know if you are not familiar with this system). Other required readings are posted on VIRTUAL CAMPUS.

Recommended readings are for further research, when you have spare time and for students who are particularly interested in the topic. These readings might also help in preparing your presentations and essays. In addition to the essential and recommended reading, students are expected to take an active part in researching relevant literature and websites. Students should explore scholarly journals, websites and documents, especially for their essays and presentations. This is part of acquiring valuable research skills.

Policy on language quality and late submissions Class attendance is necessary to successfully complete this course. You will also be judged on your writing abilities. It is recommended to take the appropriate measures to avoid mistakes. You will be penalized between 5% to 15%, to the professors discretion. Late submissions are not tolerated. Exceptions are made only for illness or other serious situations deemed as such by the professor. There will be a penalty for late submissions. University regulations require all absences from exams and all late submissions due to illness to be supported by a medical certificate. The Faculty reserves the right to accept or reject the reason put forth if it is not medical. Reasons such as travel, work and errors made while reading the exam schedule are not usually accepted. In the event of an illness or related complications, only the counseling service and the campus clinic (located at 100 Marie-Curie) may issue valid certificates to justify a delay or absence. Each day of late submission results in a penalty of 5% (weekends not excluded). This also applies to assignments sent by email, and in this case, the time of receipt of the email by the recipient is guarantor of the time of delivery. We advise you to notify your professor as soon as possible if a religious holiday or event forces your absence during an evaluation.

SCHEDULE Week 1: September13 Introduction

Presentation of course and participants Organisation of student presentations No required reading Week 2: September 20 The Politics of Development 1 In this seminar we begin to explore the politics of development, and also the (rather surprising) suggestion that the rise of development studies has contributed to the depoliticization of development. The key issue we seek to understand is the distinction made between development as a social and historical process versus development as an applied social science dedicated to solving technical development problems. Essential reading: Bernstein, H. 2006 Studying Development/Development Studies, African Studies 65(1):45-62. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020180600771733 Schuurman, F. 2009 Critical Development Theory: Moving Out of the Twilight Zone, Third World Quarterly 30(5):831-848. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436590902959024 Recommended reading: Leftwitch, A. 2005 Politics in Command: Development Studies and the Rediscovery of Social Science, New Political Economy 10(4):573-607. Nederveen Pieterse, J. 2001 Development Theory: Deconstructions/Reconstructions (Sage). Munck, R & OHearn, D. (eds) 1999 Critical Development Theory (Zed Books) Hickey, S. 2008 The Return of Politics in Development Studies(I): Getting Lost within the Poverty Agenda?, Progress in Development 8(4):349-58 Hickey, S. 2009 The Return of Politics in Development Studies (II): Capturing the Political?, Progress in Development 141-52. Week 3: September 27 The Politics of Development II: Constructing the Development Problem Last weeks readings approached the politics of development from a broadly materialist political economy perspective. This week we examine more poststructuralist approaches that stress the construction of the development problem and draw attention to the power of discourse and representation within the development relationship. The insights from these first two seminars should inform our discussions throughout the course. Essential reading: Ferguson, J. 1996 The Anti-Politics Machine: Development, Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, (Minnesota University Press). Chapter 2 ON VIRTUAL CAMPUS

Abrahamsen, R. 2000 Disciplining Democracy: Development Discourse and Good Governance in Africa Zed Books, London, Chapter 1, Democratisation and Development Discourse, pp. 1-24. ON VIRTUAL CAMPUS Recommended reading: Mamdani, M. 2007 The Politics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency, New York Review of Books, 8 March. http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n05/print/mamd01_.html Crush, J. 1995, Introduction: Imagining Development, in Crush (ed.) Power of Development (Routledge), pp.1-18. (Electronically available through Library catalogue). Escobar, A. 1995 Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton University Press) Crush, J. (ed.) 1995 Power of Development (Routledge). See especially chapters 1, 2 and 3. Week 4: October 4 Famine, Hunger and Politics Famine and hunger are all too frequent occurrences in parts of the African continent. Currently hunger threatens millions in the Sahel region and in South Sudan, whereas Somalia and parts of the Horn are recovering from famine conditions last year. While famine is frequently seen as an act of God, we investigate the politics of famine as well as the broader implications of representations of famine. This is a lighter reading week, and in addition to the required readings please familiarise yourself with the current hunger situation in the Sahel. See in particular the websites of the World Food Programme and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization: http://www.wfp.org/hunger-hot-spots?icn=hunger-hot-spots&ici=homepage-link http://www.fao.org/index_en.htm Essential reading: Edkins, J. 2002 Mass Starvations and the Limitations of Famine Theorising, IDS Bulletin 33(4):12-18 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2002.tb00039.x/pdf de Waal, A. 2007 Social Contract and Deterring Famine: First Thoughts, Disasters 20(3)194-205 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01033.x/pdf Recommended reading: Keneally, T. 2011 The Politics of Hunger Globe & Mail 3 September 2011 Sen, A. 1981 Poverty and Famines Oxford University Press De Waal, A. 1997 Famine Crimes. Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa, James Currey Publishers. Keen, D. 1994 The Benefits of Famine. A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan 1983-1989. Princeton University Press Edkins, J. 2000 Whose Hunger? Concepts of Famine, Practices of Aid, University of Minnesota Press. Macrae, J. and Zwi, A. 1992 Food as an Instrument of War in Contemporary African Famines: A Review of the Evidence, Disasters 16(4):299-321

Week 5: October 11 Corruption Is corruption the cause of Africas development problems, and are African countries more corrupt than others? Development agencies have made anti-corruption campaigns a key part of their interventions, and rankings of the worlds most corrupt countries are now published regularly. In this seminar we discuss some aspects of the politics of corruption and the implications of perceiving Africa as a place of corruption. Essential reading: Bracking, S. 2007 Political development and corruption: why right here, right now!?, in Bracking, S (ed.) 2007 Corruption and Development: The AntiCorruption Campaigns (Macmillan) ON VIRTUAL CAMPUS de Sardan, J-P. 1999 A Moral Economy of Corruption in Africa Journal of Modern African Studies 37(1):25-52. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=17708&jid=MOA&vol umeId=37&issueId=01&aid=17707&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession= Recommended reading Van Donge, J.K. 2008 `The Plundering of Zambian Resources by Fredrick Chiluba and His Friends: A Case Study of the Interactions between National Politics and the International Drive towards Good Governance, African Affairs 108(430):69-90. http://journals1.scholarsportal.info/tmp/14065455770641249355.pdf Lawson, L. 2009 The Politics of Anti-Corruption Reform in Africa, Journal of Modern African Studies 47(1):73-100. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=4175000&jid=MOA& volumeId=47&issueId=01&aid=4174992&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSe ssion= Harrison, G. 1999 Corruption as boundary politics: The state, democratisation, and Mozambique's unstable liberalisation, Third World Quarterly, 20(3): 537 550 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993320 Polzer, T. 2001 Corruption: Deconstructing the World Bank Discourse, DESTIN Working Paper No.01-18, London School of Economics. ON VIRTUAL CAMPUS Bachelard, J. 2010 The Ango-leasing Corruption Scandal in Kenya: The Politics of International and Domestic Pressures and Counter-pressures, Review of African Political Economy 37(124):187-200. Harrison, E. 2007 'Corruption', Development in Practice, 17: 4, 672 678 Kaufmann, D. Aid Effectiveness and Governance: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, (World Bank) http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/kaufmanncorrected.pdf Blundo, G. & Oliver de Sardan, J-P 2006 Everyday Corruption and the State (Zed Books) Robinson, M. 1998 Corruption and Development: An Introduction, European Journal of Development Research 10(1):1-14 See also World Bank, the Governance and Anti-Corruption website for numerous documents. Transparency International www.transparency.org ---------------------------------------1st ESSAY DUE IN CLASS---------------------------Week 6: October 18 Partnerships, Civil Society & Power The turn towards development partnerships has frequently been presented as a way of returning power to recipient countries, while the anti-poverty agenda of recent years

has been seen by its supporters to open up new political spaces for the poor. In this seminar we investigate the power of partnerships and the politics of empowerment. Essential reading: Hearn, J. 2007 African NGOs: The New Compradors?, Development and Change 38(6):1095-1110 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00447.x/pdf Mercer, C. 2003 Performing Partnership: Civil Society and the Illusions of Good Governance in Tanzania, Political Geography, 22 (7):741-763. http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic793411.files/Wk%2011_Nov%2012th/Mercer _2003_Performing%20Partnership.pdf Abrahamsen, R. 2004 The Power of Partnerships in Global Governance, Third World Quarterly 25(8):1453-1467. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993796 Recommended reading: Hickey, S. 2009 The Politics of Protecting the Poorest: Moving beyond the AntiPolitics Machine?, Political Geography 28:473-483 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VG2-4Y1W8JV-11&_cdi=6026&_user=1067359&_pii=S0962629809001437&_origin=&_coverDate=11%2F30 %2F2009&_sk=999719991&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlWzSkWA&md5=73821768c71ed704582b82907471197d&ie=/sdarticle.pdf

Ruckert, A. 2007 Towards an Inclusive-Neoliberal Regime of Development: From the Washington to the Post-Washington Consensus, Labor, Capital, and Society39 (1): 34-67
Kayizzi-Mugerwa, S. 1998 Africa and the Donor Community: From Conditionality to Partnership, Journal of International Development 10(2):219-225. World Bank Poverty Reduction Strategies (Full PRSPs and information) http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPRS/0,,menu PK:384207~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:384201,00.html Maxwell, S. and Riddell, R. 1998 Conditionality or Contract: Perspectives on Partnership for Development, Journal of International Development, 10(2): 257-268. Kelsall, T. 2002 Shop Windows and Smoke-filled Rooms: Governance and the Repoliticisation of Tanzania, Journal of Modern African Studies 40(4):597-619. Harrison, G. 2001 Post-Conditionality Politics and Administrative Reform: Reflections in the Cases of Uganda and Tanzania, Development and Change 32(4):657-679. Gould, J. (ed) 2005 The New Conditionality: The Politics of Poverty Reduction Strategies (Zed Books) Chapters 1 & 2. (One copy in Library) --------------------------READING WEEK 22-26 OCTOBER---------------------------------------Week 7: November 1 A Chinese Development Model for Africa? Chinas re-entry on the African continent has caused much debate and fear. Not only do Western donors fear that China will undermine progress towards democracy and human rights, but there is also a new scramble for Africas resources. In this seminar we investigate the possible implications for Africa. Essential reading: Large, D. 2008 Beyond Dragon in the Bush: The Study of China-Africa Relations, African Affairs 107(426):45-61. http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/426/45.full.pdf

Taylor, I. 2008 Sino-African Relations and the Problem of Human Rights, African Affairs 107(426):63-87. http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/426/63.full.pdf+html Recommended reading: Holstag, J. 2011 China and the Coups: Coping with Political Instability in Africa, African Affairs 110(440): 367-386. Review of African Political Economy 115(35) Special Issue The New Face of ChinaAfrican Co-Operation, see especially McCormick, D. 2008 China and India as Africas New Donors: The Impact of Aid on Development, pp. 73-92 and Davies, M. 2008 Chinas Developmental Model Comes to Africa, Review of African Political Economy 115(35):134-137. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03056240802021450 Kaplinsky, R. 2008 What Does the Rise of China Do for Industrialisation in Sub-Saharan Africa?, pp.7-22. Alden, C. 2007 China in Africa (Zed Books) (One copy in Library) Alden, C., Large, & Soares de Oliveira, R. (eds) 2008 China Returns to Africa: A Rising Power and A Continent Embrace (Columbia University Press). Taylor, I. 2006 China and Africa: Engagement and Compromise (Routledge) Brautigam, D. 2009 The Dragons Gift: The real Story of China in Africa, Oxford University Press. Week 8: November 8 Security, Development and the War on Terror In this seminar we investigate the merger of development and security, particularly as it relates to the war on terror in Africa. The lecture will introduce the theory of securitization and discuss the implications of securitizing Africa and underdevelopment. Our discussion follows from here, and from the readings below. Essential reading: Beall, J., Goodfellow, T. & Putzel, J. 2006 Policy Arena: On the Discourse of Terrorism, Security and Development Journal of International Development 18(1): 51-67 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.1262/pdf Lind, J. And Howell, J. 2010 Counter-Terrorism and the Politics of Aid: Civil Society Responses in Kenya, Development and Change 41(2):335-353. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01637.x/pdf Recommended reading: Abrahamsen, R. 2005 Blairs Africa: The Politics of Securitization and Fear, Alternatives 30:55-80. Whitaker, B.E. 2008 Reluctant Partners: Fighting Terrorism and Promoting Democracy in Kenya, International Studies Perspectives 9(3): 254-271 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2008.00332.x/pdf DAC 2003 A Development Co-Operation Lens on Terrorism Prevention: Key Entry Points for Action, (OECD/DAC) http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/4/16085708.pdf Hills, A. 2006 Trojan Horses: USAID, Counter-Terrorism and Africas Police, Third World Quarterly 27(4):629-643. Lyman, P. & Morrison, J. 2004 The Terrorist Threat in Africa, Foreign Affairs, 83:75 86. Duffield, M. 2007 Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples (Polity).

Duffield, M. 2001 Global Governance and the New Wars. The Merging of Development and Security (Zed Books). Bachmann, J. and Honke, J. 2010 Peace and Security as Counterterrorism? The Political Effects of Liberal interventionism in Kenya, African Affairs 109(434):97-114. Week 9: November 15 The Resource Curse According to the World Bank, between 1960 and 1990 developing countries with few resources grew 2-3 times faster than natural-resource abundant countries (World Bank 2003:149). Nevertheless, the Bank and other donors regard resource extraction as a key development strategy for Africa, and international demand for oil and minerals means that resource extractions is likely to continue to expand on the continent. This seminar explores the politics of the resource curse, including its domestic and international dimensions. Essential reading: Obi, C. 2010 Oil as the Curse of Conflict in Africa: Peering through the Smoke http://www.uam.es/otros/gea/Documentos%20adjuntos/Oilcurse%20conflictROAPE.pd f Le Billion, P. 2007 Geographies of War: Perspectives on Resource Wars, Geography Compass 1/2: 163182 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00010.x/pdf Recommended reading: Mokuwa, E., Voors, M., Bulte, E. and Richards, P. 2011 Peasant Grievance and Insurgency in Sierra Leone: Judicial Serfdom as a Driver of Conflict, African Affairs 110(440):339-366. http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/110/440/339.full.pdf+html Autusserre, S. 2012 Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and their Unintended Consequences`, African Affairs 111(443):202-222. http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/111/443/202 Ross, M.L. 1999 The Political Economy of the Resource Curse, World Politics 51 (2):297-322. Guyer, J.I. 2002 Briefing: The Chad-Cameroon Petroleum and Pipeline Development Project, African Affairs 102(406):51-80 Pegg, S. 2006 Can Policy Interventions Beat the Resource Curse? Evidence from the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project, African Affairs 105(418):1-25. Pegg, S. 2009 Briefing: Chronicle of a Death Foretold: The Collapse of the ChadCameroon Pipeline Project, African Affairs 108(431):311-320. Shaxson, N. 2005 New Approaches to Volatility: Dealing with the Resource Curse in Sub-Saharan Africa, International Affairs 81(2):311-324. Bannon, I. & Collier, P. (eds) 2003 Natural Resources and Violent Conflict (World Bank). Harford, T. & Klein, M. 2005. Aid and the Resource Curse, Public Policy Journal, Note No. 291 (World Bank) http://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/291harford_klein.pdf Watts, M., 2004. Resource curse? Governmentability, oil and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, Geopolitics, 9 (1), 5080. Sarraf, M. & Jiwangi 2001. Beating the Resource Curse: The Case of Botswana, (World Bank)

and Mirrors, Review of African Political Economy 37(126):483-495.

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http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/09/24/000094 946_02090504023362/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf Week 10: November 22 Failed States and Real Governance Africa has come to be seen as a continent of failed and failing states. According to the Failed States Index, for example, 12 of the top failed states in the world are African. Rebuilding the deficient bureaucratic apparatuses of African states have accordingly become a major preoccupation and challenge for international donors. In this seminar we discuss the labels of failed, failing, collapsed, etc; how much they tell us about actual politics and governance in these countries; and the possibility of alternatives forms of statehood. Essential reading: Hagmann, T. & Hoehne, M.V. 2009 Failures of the State Failure Debate: Evidence from the Somali Territories, Journal of International Development 21:41-57 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.1482/pdf Menkhaus, K. 2007 Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, Statebuilding, and the Politics of Coping, International Security 31(3):74106 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/isec.2007.31.3.74 Recommended reading: Hagmann, T and Pclard, D. 2010 Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa, Development and Change 41(4):539-562. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01656.x/pdf Titeca, K. And de Herdt, T. 2011 eal Governance beyond the Failed State: Negotiating Education in the Demorcratic Republic of the Congo, African Affairs 111(439):213-231. Tull, D.M. 2003 A Reconfiguration of Political Order? The State of the State in North Kivu (DRC), African Affairs 102(408):429-446. Bilgin, P. and Morton, A. 2002 Historicising Representations of Failed States: Beyond the Cold War Annexation of the Social Sciences, Third World Quarterly 23(1):5580. Patrick, S. 2006 Weak States and Global Threats: Fact or Fiction?, The Washington Quarterly 29(2):27-53 Raeymaekers, T., Menkhaus, K and Vlassenroot, K. 2008 State and Non-State Regulation in Afrcan Protracted Cries: Governance without Governemnt?, Africa Focus 21(2):7-21. Bates, R.H. 2008 State Failure, Annual Review of Political Science 11:1-12. Rotberg, R. I. 2004 When States Fail: Causes and Consequences (Princeton University Press) Rotberg, R. I 2002 Failed States in a World of Terror, Foreign Affairs 81(4) Olivier de Sardan, J-P. 2008 Researching the Practical Norms of Real Governance in Africa. Discussion paper No 5. Africa Power & Politics Programme. See also the Failed States Index at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interac tive_map_and_rankings

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Week 11: November 29 The politics of HIV/AIDS & Summing Up The HIV/AIDS pandemic is one of the most serious challenges facing the African continent and its people. But HIV/AIDS is not simply a disease, it is also intimately linked to power and politics, both in terms of its representation, the politics of knowledge, its impact and its solutions. In this seminar we trace the politics of AIDS interventions to donor countries, and examine a local case study from South Africa. You should begin your preparations for this seminar by familiarising yourself with the prevalence of HIV/AIDS on the continent. Essential reading: Susser, I. 2009 AIDS, Sex and Culture. Global Politics and Survival in Souther Africa. Chapter 2. ON VIRTUAL CAMPUS. McNeill, F.G. 2009 Condoms cause AIDS: Poison, Prevention and Denial in Venda, South Africa, African Affairs 108(432):353-370. http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/108/432/353.full.pdf Web resources: UNAIDS: http://www.unaids.org The Treatment Action Campaign: http://www.tac.org.za Recommended reading: Allen, T. 2005 AIDS and Evidence: Interrogating some Ugandan Myths, Journal of Biosocial Science: 1-22 de Waal, A. 2003 How will HIV/AIDS Transform African Governance? , African Affairs 102(406):1-23. Obadare, E and Okeke, I.N. 2011 Biomedical Loopholes, Distrusted States, and The Politics of HIV/AIDS Cure in Nigeria, African Affairs 110(439):191-211. Allen, T and Heald, S. 2004 HIV/AIDS Policy in Africa: What has worked in Uganda and what has Failed in Botswana?, Journal of International Development 16:11411154. Campbell, C. & Mzaidume, Z. 2001 Grassroots Participation, Peer Education, and HIV Prevention by Sex Workers in South Africa, American Journal of Public Health 91(12):1978-86. Poku, N. & Whitehead, A. 2002 Rethinking Security: Global Health and the Politics of Governance, Third World Quarterly 23(2). Special Issue on HIV/AIDS Susser, I. 2009 AIDS, Sex and Culture: Global Politics and Survival in Southern Africa (Wiley-Blackwell) Iliffe, J. 2006 The African Aids Epidemic. A History (James Currey) De Waal, A. And Whiteside, A. 2003 New variant Famine: AIDS and Food Crisis in Southern Africa, The Lancet 362:1234-1237.

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Bedtime reading: When you need a break from the serious reading, here are some well-known African novels, some are classics, others more recent. They can teach you much about African life and politics - power, colonialism, identity, war, the other, etc., and they are also wonderful reads! Go on, indulge yourself... Achebe, Chinua (Nigeria): Things Fall Apart The Arrow of God No Longer at Ease Anthills of the Savannah Adichie, C. N. (Nigeria) Agualusa, J.E. (Angola) Half of a Yellow Sun Purple Hibiscus The Book of Chameleons

Coetzee, J.M. (South Africa) Waiting for the Barbarians Disgrace Couto, M. (Mozambique) Last Flight of the Flamingo Nervous Conditions

Dangarembga, T. (Zimbabwe) Emecheta, B. (Nigeria) Laye, C. (Guinea) Sembne, O. (Senegal)

The Joys of Motherhood The African Child God's Bits of Wood(Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu) The In-Between World of Vikram Lall

Vassanji, M.G. (Kenya/Canada) Wa Thiongo, N. (Kenya)

Wizard of the Crow Matigari The Devil on the Cross

When you have finished these, you will be happy to know that there are many, many more to enjoy! Africa is a continent with a great literary tradition.

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Resources for you Mentoring Centre - http://www.sciencessociales.uottawa.ca/mentor/fra/ The goal of the Mentoring Centre is to help students with their academic and social well being during their time at the University of Ottawa. Regardless of where a student stands academically, or how far along they are in completing their degree, the mentoring centre is there to help students continue on their path to success. A student may choose to visit the mentoring centre for very different reasons. Younger students may wish to talk to their older peers to gain insight into programs and services offered by the University, while older student may simply want to brush up on study and time management skills or learn about programs and services for students nearing the end of their degree. In all, the Mentoring Centre offers a place for students to talk about concerns and problems that they might have in any facet of their lives. While students are able to voice their concerns and problems without fear of judgment, mentors can garner further insight in issues unique to students and find a more practical solution to better improve the services that the Faculty of Social Sciences offers, as well as the services offered by the University of Ottawa. Academic Writing Help Centre - http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/writing/ At the AWHC you will learn how to identify, correct and ultimately avoid errors in your writing and become an autonomous writer. In working with our Writing Advisors, you will be able to acquire the abilities, strategies and writing tools that will enable you to: Master the written language of your choice Expand your critical thinking abilities Develop your argumentation skills Learn what the expectations are for academic writing Career Services - http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/careers/ Career Services offers various services and a career development program to enable you to recognize and enhance the employability skills you need in today's world of work. Counselling Service- http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/personal/ There are many reasons to take advantage of the Counselling Service. We offer: Personal counselling Career counselling Study skills counselling Access Service - http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/acces/ The Access Service contributes to the creation of an inclusive environment by developing strategies and implementing measures that aim to reduce the barriers to learning for students who have learning disabilities, health, psychiatric or physical conditions. Student Resources Centres - http://www.communitylife.uottawa.ca/en/resources.php The Student Resources Centres aim to fulfill all sorts of students needs.

Beware of Academic Fraud! Academic fraud is an act committed by a student to distort the marking of assignments, tests, examinations, and other forms of academic evaluation. Academic fraud is neither accepted nor tolerated by the University. Anyone found guilty of academic fraud is liable to severe academic sanctions. Here are a few examples of academic fraud: engaging in any form of plagiarism or cheating; presenting falsified research data; handing in an assignment that was not authored, in whole or in part, by the student; submitting the same assignment in more than one course, without the written consent of the professors concerned.

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In recent years, the development of the Internet has made it much easier to identify academic plagiarism. The tools available to your professors allow them to trace the exact origin of a text on the Web, using just a few words. In cases where students are unsure whether they are at fault, it is their responsibility to consult the Universitys Web site at the following address: http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/eng/writing_tools.asp Tools for Writing Papers and Assignments . Persons who have committed or attempted to commit (or have been accomplices to) academic fraud will be penalized. Here are some examples of the academic sanctions, which can be imposed: a grade of F for the assignment or course in question; an additional program requirement of between 3 and 30 credits; suspension or expulsion from the Faculty. Last session, most of the students found guilty of fraud were given an F for the course and had between three and twelve credits added to their program requirement. For more information, refer to: http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/info/newsletter/fraud_e.html

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