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[106] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1. Let point P be
2
,
1

| |
|
+ \ .
Slope of tangent at
x
dy
P
dx
=
=
2
2 2
1
Slope( )
(1 )
m

=
+
for maximum slope , 0
dm
d
=
2 2
2 4
(1 )(2 )( 3)
(1 )
dm x
d


+
=
+
dm
d
changes its sign from +ve to ve at 0 =
maximum slope exists at
0 =
Point P is (0 , 0)
2.
3
3 1 ( 1) 0 xy x y x y
x
= + = + = ...(i)
2
6 ( 3)(2 ) y x x y x x = = + ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) simultaneously
2
3
6
x
x x
x
+ | |
=
|
\ .
3 2
5 3 0 x x x + + =
3 2
( ) 4 3 0 x x x x + + =
2
( 1) ( 1)( 3) 0 x x x x + =
2
( 1) ( 3) 0 x x + = Point P is (1 , 4)
1
1 2 3
x
dy
x
dx
=
= =
Equation of common tangent is :
4
3
1
y
x
| |
=
|

\ .
3 7 y x + =
3.
Let y x = touches the curve
x
y e = at point
0 0
( , ) P x x
0
0
1 1
x
x x
dy
e
dx

=
= =
0
0 0
1 ( )
x
x e x = =
Point P is (1 , 1)
1
1 ( ) e
e
= =
Now , if 0
x
e x = has real roots then
1
0,
e

| (
e

(
\
4.
2
1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) f x f x x x s
1 2
1 2
1 2
( ) ( ) f x f x
x x
x x

Apply limit
1 2
x x both sides
2 2 2
'( ) 0 '( ) f x f x x R s = e
( ) f x is constant function passing through (2 , 8)
( ) 8 f x =
Equation of tangent is 8 0. y =
5.
(cos cos sin )
( sin sin cos )
dy a
dx a


+
=
+ +
sin
cos
dy
dx

| |
=
|
\ .
Equation of normal at
' '
point is :
Chapter No -14 ( Tangent and Normal )
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[107] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
(sin cos ) cos
(cos sin ) sin
y a
x a



=
+
cos sin x y a + =
normal to curve is at a constant distant from
origin.
6. Let the point of intersection be ( , )
1
( , )
dy
m
dx

=
2 2
1
3 3
6
m

| |

=
|
|
\ .
and
2
2 2
6
3 3
m


| |
=
|

\ .
Now ,
1 2
( )( ) 1 m m =
given curves are orthogonal
90 =
7.
1 2
(1 ) sin (sin )
y
y x x

= + +
0 1 x y = =
1
4
(sin2 )
(1 ) (1 ) . (1 )
1 sin
y y
dy dy x
y x x ln x
dx dx
x

= + + + + +

at (0, 1) , 1
dy
dx
=
normal to curve at 0 x= is :
1
1 1
0
y
x y
x

= + =

8.
3 2
3 12 0 y x y + =
0
dy dx
dx dy
=
2
3 6 . 12 0
dx
y x
dy
+ =
2
(12 3 )
0
6
dx y
dy x

= =
4
2 for 2
3
y x y = = =
4
Point , 2
3
is
| |

|
\ .
9.
from figure , point P is ( 2 , 1)
1
2
2 2 2
x
m x
=
= =
2
2
2 2 2
x
m x
=
= =
Now ,
1 2
1 2
tan
1
m m
mm

=
+
4 2
tan
7
=

Acute angle of intersection

1
4 2
tan
7

| |
=
|
|
\ .
1
7
cos
9

| |
=
|
\ .
10.
0
0
1
x
x
x
dy
e
dx

=
=
= =
Equation of tangent at P is 1 x y + = and
equation of normal at P is 1. y x = +
in-radius of
1
(2)(1)
2
2 2 2
2
PTN r
s
| |
|
A | |
| A = =
|
| + \ .
|
\ .

( 2 1) r =
Side of equilateral triangle (2 cos30 ) r =
3( 2 1) a =
Area
( )
2 2
3 3
( ) 3( 2 1)
4 4
a = =
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[108] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
2
3 3
Area ( 2 1)
4
=
11. I f 2 0 x y k + = is tangent to the curve
1
cos( ) , then
2
dy
y x y
dx
= + =
sin( ) 1
dy dy
x y
dx dx

= + +
`
)
sin( ) 1
1 sin( ) 2
dy x y
dx x y
+
= =
+ +
sin( ) 1 x y + =
cos( ) 0 x y + = ordinate of point of
contact =0 ( ) cos( ) y x y = +
cos( ) 0 ; 2 2 x x = s s
3
,
2 2
x

= are applicable ( ) sin 1 x=
Now , points of contact are
3
, 0 and , 0
2 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
which must satisfy 2 0 x y k + =
3
or
2 2
k

=
12. (a)
0
1
(0 )sin 0
0
'(0 ) lim
h
h
h
f
h
+

| |
+
|
+
\ .
=
0
1
'(0 ) limsin '(0 )
h
f f
h
+

| |
= =
|
\ .
function doesn't hold H-property
(b)
2
0
1
(0 ) sin 0
0
'(0 ) lim
h
h
h
f
h
+

| |
+
|
+
\ .
=

0
1
lim sin 0
h
h
h
| |
= =
|
\ .
Similarly , '(0 ) 0 f

=
0 y = is tangent to curve at 0 x=
(c)
2
2
; 0
; 0
x x
y
x x

>

=

<

(d)
13. Let the tangent line at
1
' ' t point be normal to curve at
2
' ' t point.
Slope of tangent at t
1

point
1
1
t
dy
t
dx
= =
Slope of normal at
2
t point
2
1
t

=
If tangent at
1
t is same as that of normal at
2
, t
then
1
2
1
t
t
=
1 2
1 t t =
Equation of tangent at t
1
point :
3
3 1
1 1 1
2
1
2
0
3
y t
t y xt t
x t

= + =

...(i)
Now , equation (i) passes through
2
t point
3 3 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1
2 2
2 1 2 1
2 2 2( )
3( ) 2 3
t t t t t t
t t
t t t t
+ +
= =
+
2 2 2
2 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 3 3 ( 1) t t t t t + = + =
2 2
2 1
2 1 t t =
4 2
1 1
2 t t =
2 2
1 1
( 2)( 1) 0 t t + =
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[109] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1
2 t =
from equation (i) , required lines are :
2 2 2 0 and 2 2 2 0 y x y x + = + =
14.
from figure , at point ( , )
P P
P x y
1
( )
P P
d
ln x k k
dx x
= =
Point P is
1
, 1
k
| |
|
\ .
which satisfy ( ) y ln x =
1 1
e k
k e
= =
( ) ( ) 0 f x g x = will have three distinct roots if
1
0 k k
e
< < can be
2 3
1 1 1
, or
2 e e +
15. Check for '(1 ) and '(1 ) f f
+
in all the cases :
0 0
( ) 0 ( ) 0
(a) lim lim
h h
sgn h sgn h
h h

= =

vertical tangent exists at 1 x=

3 3
0 0
0 0
(b) lim lim
h h
h h
h h

= =

vertical tangent exists at x =1

2/3 2/3
0 0
( ) 0 ( ) 0
(c) lim lim
h h
h h
h h

=

No vertical tangent at 1 x=
0 0
0 0
(d) lim lim
h h
h h
h h

=

No vertical tangent at 1 x=
16. Let
1 2
and C C meet at
0 0
( , ) x y is I
St
quadrant.
0
0 0
2
x
y x e

= = ...(i)
0
1
0
1
( 2 )
2
x x
d
m x
dx x
=
= =
0
0
2
( )
x x
x x
d
m e e
dx

=
= =
Now ,
( )
0
1 2
0
1
1
2
x
mm e
x

= =
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.
17.
Consider point
2
( , 2 ) Q a a on the circle
2 2
x y +
and point
9
, P b
b
| |
|
\ .
on 9 xy=
Now ,
2
2 2
9
( ) 2 D a b a
b
| |
= +
|
\ .
2
( ) D PQ =
For minimum value of D , PQ must be common normal
(i.e. y x = )
1and 3 a b = =
2
( ) 8 PQ =
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
also appropriate.
18. '( ). '( ) 1 f a f b =
value of f '(x) moves from +ve to ve or ve to
+ve in the interval of (a , b)
at least one point x c = exists for which
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[110] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
'( ) 0 f c =
(for polynomial function , horizontal tangent can't be
normal to curve at other point)
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
also appropriate.
19. Let common tangent touches the curve
1
C at
2
( , 1) P + +
Equation of common tangent is :
( 1)
(2 1)
y
x

2
+ +
= +

2 2
1 (2 1) 2 y x = +
2
(2 1) 1 y x = + + ...(i)
If equation (i) is tangent to
2
C , then
2 2
(2 1) 1 5 6 x x x + + = +
2 2
(6 2 ) 5 0 x x + + + =
Disc =
2 2
(6 2 ) 4( 5) 0 + + =
2
3
=
Common tangent from (i) is :
9 3 5 y x + =
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is false.
20. Length of sub-tangent
1
y
dy
dx
=
3
2 2
2 2
3 3
P
dy xy
dx y x
| |
= =
|
|
\ .
Length of subtangent =3 units.
Length of subtangent ( )
3
2 2
, 2
3
a



=
3
2

=
Statement (1) is true and statement (2) is false.
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[111] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1.
5 3
1
: 2 5 10 6 0 C y x x x + + + =
0
1
2
x
dy
dx
=
= Slope of N =2
Equation of normal at P is given by :
3
2 2 3
0
y
y x
x
+
= =

If normal 'N' meets the curve , then :

5 3
2(2 3) 5 10 6 0 x x x x + + + =
5 3
5 10 5 0 x x x + =
4 2
5 ( 2 1) 0 x x x + =
2 2
5 ( 1) 0 x x =
0, 1, 1 x =
Point R and Q can be given as
(1, 1) and( 1, 5)
minimum area
2
( )
4
QR

=

5 =
Square units.
2. Tangent to curve
1
at (1, 1) C R

1
1
1
x
y dy
x dx
=
+ | |
=
|
\ .
1
2 2 3
1
y
y x
x
+
= =

Tangent at R is same as that of normal 'N'

similarly , tangent at Q(1 , 5) is also same as
that of 'N'.

1
5
1
x
y dy
x dx
=
+
=
+
5
2 2 3
1
y
y x N
x
+
= =
+
3.
1
1
5 5
2 2
Q
y
l
dy
dx

= = =
| |
|
\ .
2
2
1 1
2 2
R
y
l
dy
dx

= = =
| |
|
\ .
1
2
5
l
l
=
4. As ( ) y f x = touches the x-axis at ( 3, 0) P
( 3) 0 27 9 3 27 0 f a b c = + + = ...(i)
'( 3) 0 27 6 0 f a b c = + = ...(ii)
and '(0) 9 9 f c = = ...(iii)
from equation (i) , (ii) and (iii)
3 and 2 9 3 b a b a = = +
1and 3 a b = =
3 2
( ) 3 9 27 f x x x x = + +
2
( ) ( 3) 9( 3) f x x x x = + + +
2
( ) ( 3) ( 3) f x x x = +
3 and 3 = =
[ ] [ ] 3 3 0 + = =
5. If 3, = then 3 =
'(3) 27 18 9 36 f = + =
Normal at (3 , 0) is :
0 1
3 36
y
x

36 3 0 y x + =
Area bounded by normal with axes
1 1
(3)
2 12
| |

|
\ .
1
8
=
Square units.
6. ( )
2
'( ) ". ( ) 0 g x g g x + =
( ) ( ). '( ) 0
d
g x g x
dx
=
...(i)
If equation (i) has exactly four distinct roots , then
( ). '( ) 0 g x g x = will have exactly 5 roots
( ) 0 g x = must have three distinct roots.
2
'( ) '( ) 3 6 9 g x f x x x = = +
'( ) 3( 3)( 1) f x x x = +
for ( ) , y g x = local maxima exists at 1 x= and
local minima exists at 3 x=
( 3). (1) 0 g g < for three distinct roots of
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[112] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
( ) 0. g x =
( ) ( ) ( 3) (1) 0 f f + + <
( )( 32) 0 + <
( 32, 0) e
7. (Slope of tangent at t
1
) =(Slope of normal at t
2
)
2
1
2
2
24 8
8 24
t t
t t
t t
t t
=
=
=
1 1 2
2
1 1
3
3 9
t t t
t
= =
Equation of tangent at
1
t point :
3
1
1
2
1
8 1
3
4 3
y t
t
x t
+
=

...(i)
Equation (i) passes through ( )
2 3
2 2
4 3, 8 1 t t +
3 3
2 1
1
2 2
2 1
8 8
3
4 4
t t
t
t t

( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
1 1 2
2 1
2 3
t t t t
t t t
t t
| |
+ +
= = |
|
+
\ .

2
1 1 2
2
1
2 1 1
0
9 9 81
t t t
t
| |
= =
|
\ .

4 2
1 1
81 9 2 0 t t =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
9 2 9 1 0 t t + =
2 2
1 1
9 2 ( 9 1 0) t t = + =
2 6
1 1
(3 ) 2 729( ) 8 t t = =
8. If point P is (2 , 1) , then
2
1
( ) 5 r =
2 3
(3 ) ( 1) 0 y x x =
2 2
(2,1)
3( 1) 1 3
2 (3 ) 2(1)(1)
dy y x
dx y x
| |
| | + +
= =
|
|
|

\ .
\ .
2
2
x
dy
dx
=
=
Equation of tangent at P :
1
2 2 3
2
y
y x
x

= =

2
0 0 3
5
r
+ +
=
2
2
9
5
r =
Now ,
2 2
1 2
2
1
( 15) (5 15) 9
(5 1) 5 1
r r
r
+ + | |
=
|
\ .
=9
9. Equation of tangent at
' '
point :
3
3
sin
cos
y b dy
dx
x a

3
3
sin sin
cos cos
y b b
a x a



=

( cos ) ( sin ) ( )sin cos a y b x ab + =

1
cos sin
x y
a b
+ =
Now ,
2 2
2 2 1 2
cos sin 1
l l
a b

| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
10. Equation of tangent to curve
1
(1 )
y
x
=

at point
(2, 1) R :
2
2
1 1
2
(1 )
x
y
x
x
=
+
=

3 or 3 0 y x y x = + = ...(i)
Equation of PQ is 3 0 y x + =

2 2
5 4 0 y x x + + =
Equation of chord PQ having mid-point R is given by
1
T S = format.

2 2
1 2
(2 ) 5 4 (3 4 10 )
2 2
y x
x
+ | |
+ + = +
|
\ .
2 2
(4 5 ) 10 8 1 0 y x + + + = ...(ii)
Equation (i) and (ii) represent same line PQ
2 2
1 4 5 1 10 8
1 1 3
+
= =

2
4 5 1 0 or ( 1)(4 1) 0 + = =
1
or 1
2
=
minimum value of
4 1 =
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[113] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
11. (a)
1
3
1
2
2
x
m
x
=

= =
2 2
2
1
.( 2) 2
x
x
m e

=
= =
1 2
m m = Point (1 , 1) is the point of common
tangency , hence 0 = and value of cos
may be 1
(b) for point of intersection :
2 3
2 2
8
4 4
x a
a x a
| |
=
|
|
+
\ .
2 2 2 2
( 8 )( 4 ) 0 x a x a + =
2 . x a =
1
2
2
1
4
x a
x
m
a
=
= =
2
2 2 2
2
8 (2 ) 1
2
( 4 )
x a
a x
m
x a
3
=

= =
+
1
tan 3 tan (3)

= =
3 =
(c)
/3
/3
3
1
3
x
T
x
ae
L
ae
= =
(d)
from figure ,
P
k y s
1 5
2
k
+
s
value of k can be
5 1
1, , ..... , etc
4 2
12. (a)
Let the points of contact of live 'L' with 1 xy=
and
2
8 y x = be
2
1
, and (2 , 4 ) P Q t t

| |

|
\ .
respectively tangent at P can be given by :
2 2
1
1 1 2
y
y x
x


+
| | | |
= =
| |

\ . \ .
Apply condition of tangency for parabola
2
8 y x = . .
a
i e C
m
| |
=
|
\ .
2
2 2
1/
=
3
1 0 1 + = =
line 'L' is : y =x +2
Area
1
(2)(2) 2
2
= = square units.
(b) Let the curves touch each other at
0 0
( , ) x y
Slope of tangents at
0 0
( , ) x y for both the curves
must be equal for
0 x>
0 0
3
0 sin (1)
2
x x x x
x
= =
+ =
0
3
sin
2
x =
0
2
or ( )
3 3
x x

= < <
As shown in graph
3
| |
2
y x = + touch the curve
1 cos y x = for two distinct possible values of .
(c)
sin
( )
y
x e =
sin lnx y =
1 1
(cos )
(cos )
dy dy
y
x dx dx x y
= =
at point
(1 , 0) , 1
dy
dx
=
Equation of normal at (1 , 0) is
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[114] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
0
1 1
1
y
x y
x

= + =

required are
1
2
a= Sq. units.
(d)
As shown in graph , if

lies in ( , ) then
2
(3 ) | | x x > is satisfied for at least one negative
value of x.
for , y x = passes through (0 , 3)
3 0 3 = =
3 =
for , y x = is tangential to curve
2
3 y x =
0
0
1
0 2 1
2
x x
x x
=
= =
0
1 11
3
4 4
y = =
y x = passes through
1 11
,
2 4
| |

|
\ .
11 1
4 2
=
13 13
4 4
= =
Now ,
13
, 3
4

| |
e
|
\ .
' '
can be
1
1, , 2, ...
2
etc.