Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive
Tense Subject Verb
writes

Object
a letter.

Simple Present

Active: Passive:

Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita

is written wrote was written has written has been written will write will be written can write

by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter.

Simple Past

Active: Passive:

Present Perfect

Active: Passive:

Future I

Active: Passive:

Hilfsverben

Active:

Passive:

A letter

can be written

by Rita.

Examples of Passive
Tense Subject Verb
is writing

Object
a letter.

Present Progressive

Active: Passive:

Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter Rita A letter

is being written was writing was being written had written had been written will have written will have been written would write would be written would have written would have been written

by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita.

Past Progressive

Active: Passive:

Past Perfect

Active: Passive:

Future II

Active: Passive:

Conditional I

Active: Passive:

Conditional II

Active: Passive:

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

Subject

Verb
wrote

Object 1
a letter

Object 2
to me.

Active: Passive: Passive:

Rita A letter I

was written was written

to me a letter

by Rita. by Rita.

.
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. Thats why it is usually dropped.

Personal and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction therefore this passive is calledImpersonal Passive.

Example: he says it is said

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped). Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence. 1. A : Look! The girl is crying. What happened to her just now? B : While playing with her brother, she ____ a. kicks d. was kicking b. kicked e. was kicked c. will kick Jawaban : E (simple past: S + was/were + V3) 2. A : Do you know the result of the test? B : Not yet. The announcement ____ twice. a. was postponed d. has to be postponed b. was being postponed e. has been postponed c. will be postponed Jawaban : A (konteks kalimat adalah simple past) 3. Mela : Why do you prefer Surya Depstore to others? Noni : Because the items ____ at a reasonable price. a. is sold d. were sold b. are sold e. had been sold c. was sold Jawaban: B (konteks kalimat adalah simple present. Karena subjek items jamak maka

to be yang sesuai adalah are) 4. X : Theres no longer a rule for the youth to enter military service in Britain. Y : Really, when.? a. was it abolishing d. was it to abolish b. did it abolish e. to be abolished c. was it abolished Jawaban: C (pola pasif introgative simple past: was/were + S + V3) 5. Dita : When did the accident happen? Dini : When the goods ____ from the truck. a. have been unloaded d. will be unloaded b. were being unloaded e. are unloaded c. are being unloaded Jawabab: B (pola pasif past continuaou tense: S + was/were + being + V3) Soal-Soal Latihan 1. R.A. Kartini ____ in Jepara in 1879. a. is born d. would be born b. was born e. has been born c. will be born 2. The books in the library ___ in alphabetical order. a. is arranged d. have arranged b. was arranged e. has arranged c. have been arranged 3. A big dam ___ in this area next year. a. will build d. has been built b. will be built e. is being built c. would be built 4. We cant swim in the swimming pool now because it ___. a. was being cleaned d. will clean b. is being cleaned e. cleaned c. has been cleaned 5. They had just been living in the house for two years when it ___ by the fire. a. destroyed d. will be destroyed b. had destroyed e. is being destroyed c. was destroyed 6. She looks after the baby well. The passive form is ____ a. the baby is well looked after d. the baby is being looked after well b. the baby was looked after well e. the baby would be well looked after c. the baby will be well looked after 7. Everybody knew that he had shown great loyalty to the company, therefore he ____ a big sum of money at the anniversary of the company. a. rewarded d. is being rewarded b. was rewarded e. has been rewarded c. will be rewarded 8. At the moment the old building ____ to make space dor a parking lot. a. demolishing d. had been demilishing b. is being demolished e. is demolishing c. was being demolishing 9. Sita is waiting for her birthday party dress because she ____ a new one by her mother. a. has promised d. has been promising b. will be promised e. was being promised

c. will be promised 10. As the victem was badly hurt in the car accident, he ____ to the nearest hospital. a. will be taken d. was taken b. is being taken e. took c. has been taken 1. The flight ................... because of the fog last night. 2. I ..............of stealing the money. 3. A new road ...................by the goverment at this time. 4. The time of the football match ........................because of the rain. It ..................when the rain stops. 5. Jane .......................in the street, she has lost all of her money. 6. Our conversation .........................by someone whne we were discussing the problem yesterday. 7. The football match .....................in such bad weather. 8. Fire can ..........................by an electrical fault. 9. Dhea looks very happy because she ....................to General Manager. 10. The room ....................by someone everyday. 1. SBY and Budiono won the general election. SBY and Budiono are won by the general election. The general election is won by SBY and Budiono. The general election was won by SBY and Budiono. The general election were won by SBY and Budiono. C 2. Robby will buy John a new cloth. John will be bought by Robby a new cloth. John would be bought a new cloth by Robby. A new cloth will be bought by Robby for John. A new cloth will be bought by John for Robby. C 3. Some students are going to arrange a reunion party at school next month. A reunion party are going to arrange by some students at school next month. A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month. A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month. A reunion party is going to be arranged by some students at school next month. D 4. Neither James nor Jenny has been told yet. James has told Jenny already. Jenny has told James already. Nobody has told James and Jenny. They have told either James or Jenny. C 5. My book was stolen. Someone stole my book. Someone has stolen my book Someone have stolen my book. Someone was stealing my book

A 6. My father enlarged and repainted the house. The house is enlarged by my father and repainted. The house was enlarged and repainted by my father. The house was being enlarged and repainted by my father. The house was to enlarge and repaint by my father. B 7. My friend is reading a book in the classroom. A book is read by my friend in the classroom. A book is readed by my friend in the classroom. A book is be reading by my friend in the classroom. A book is being read by my friend in the classroom. D 8. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal. The goal is won by Cristiano Ronaldo scored The goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo. The winning goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo. The winning goal was scored by Cristiano Ronaldo. D 9. After class, one of the students always erases the whiteboard. After class, the whiteboard is always erased by one of the students. After class, the whiteboard are always erased by one of the students. After class, the whiteboard is always being erased by one of the students. After class, the whiteboard always is erased by one of the students. A 10. I am happy now. Happy is now by me. Happiness is by me now. The happiness is now by me. None of the above options are correct.

New products in the electronic exhibition in Jakarta Expo Centre a week ago. a. Display b. Displayed c. Was displaying d. Were displayed e. Have displayed 2. a. b. c. d. e. We cannot swim in the swimming pool now, because it.now. Cleans Is cleaning Is being cleaned Has cleaned Has been cleaning

3. Geologists have explained the cause of earthquakes in terms of a theory..as plate tectonics. a. Knows b. Knowing c. Which knows d. Known e. That known 4. A : What time will the delayed plane depart? B : They say that it..soon. a. Will announce b. Has announced c. Is to announced d. Will be announced e. Announces 5. A : Id like to reserve a single room for next week, please. B : Im sorry, Sir. Our hotel until the end of this month. a. It is fully booked b. We booked c. Is fully booked d. Booking it fully e. Will book
1.They were met by him yesterday A. he met them yesterday C. He was them yesterday

B. he are met them yesterday D. He were them met yesterday Jawaban: A. He met them yesterday

2. They have been met by him A. he has will met them B. he was met them C. He has met them D. He were met them

Jawaban: C He has met them

3. This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here A. she had watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here B. she have watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here C. she was watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here

D. she were watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here Jawaban: A. She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here 4. This plant was being watered by her. A. she are watering this plant B. she were wastering this plant C. she was watering this plant D. she will wastering this plant Jawaban : C. She was watering this plant 5. They would be being met by him. A. he would be meeting them B. he could be meeting them C. he are be meeting them D. he are be met them. Jawaban : A.He would be meeting them
We have delivered the packages. The passive form of the above sentence is the packages _____ by us. a. delivered c. have been delivered e. have to be delivered b. have been delivering d. to be delivered 2. Why arent you driving your car? it _____ by my father. a. has sold c. has been selling e. had sold b. has to see d. has been sold 3. Fast food restaurants have become popular in big cities because many people prefer being _____ by the waiter quickly. a. Serving c. serves e. be serving b. to serve d. served 4. Id like to book three standard room for next week, please. Im sorry Sir, our hotel _____ until the end of the month.

a. fully booking c. is fully booked e. being fully booking b. to be fully booked d. is fully booking 5. Last night a thief broke into my brothers house. Really? What _____ from the house? a. he took c. was being taken e. was taken b. was to take d. was taking 6. hasnt Anita submitted her report yet? I dont think so. It _____ . a. be printing c. being printed e. is being printed b. is printing d. to be printing 7. Parents of the student of the international school made fierce protest because of their suddenly increased school fee. The passive form of the above sentence is _____ because of their suddenly increased school fee. a. Fierce protests have been made by parents of the students of the International school b. Fierce protests were made by parents of the students of the International school c. Fierce protests made by parents of the students of the International school d. Fierce protests will be made by parents of the students of the International school e. Fierce protests are being made by parents of the students of the International school 8. The director wanted the orders _____ by sale department last week. a. were delivered c. to be delivered e. being delivered b. was delivered d. to deliver 9. The teacher always asks the homework _____ by the students at home. a. is made c. to make e. being made b. is making d. to be made

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Conditional Sentence (=Kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan.Kalimat pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu man clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). Dalam if clause terkandung syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan seperti terkandung dalam main clause dapat terwujud. Oleh karena itu, conditional sentences disebut juga kalimat bersyarat. Conditional Sentences atau kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu real conditional (nyata) dan unreal/ contrary to fact (tidak nyata). Conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut: a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali olehif maka disebut if clause. b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc.pada pokok kalimat (main clause). Ada beberapa tipe Conditional Sentence, yaitu: 1. Type I: Future Conditional 2. Type II: Present Conditional 3. Type III: Past Conditional 1. Type I: Future Conditional Kalimat ini mengungkapkan kejadian yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi. (probable condition) Pola kalimat: If + S + Verb (present), S + future tense atau subjek + future tense, if + subjek + future tense

Contoh: 1. If she comes, I will give her the message. 2. If you study hard, you will pass the final exam. 3. If she wins the competition, they will give her a gold medal. 4. He will not go to the picnic, if it rains. 5. If we arrive late, she will be angry with us. 2. Type II: Present Conditional

Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi sekarang tetapi tidak terjadi.(Improbable condition) Pola kalimat: If + S + Verb 2 / were + S + would + Verb1 If + S + V2, Subject + Past Future

Contoh: 1. If she visited me, I would give her money.

2. 2. If I had enough time, I would go fishing. 3. If you were a sugar, I would be a ant. 4. If Natasha Rizky were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest boy in the world. 5. If he smokes less, he wouldnt cough so much. Catatan: Pada tipe ini, to be untuk semua subyek pada IF clause adalah WERE. 3. Type III : Past Conditional Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi di waktu lampau, tetapi tidak terjadi.(impossible condition) Pola kalimat: If + S + Past Perfect +, S + Past perfect future + Verb 3 Subject + Past perfect future, if + Subjek + Past Perfect + V3

Contoh: 1. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the final exam. 2. If the team had played well, it would have won the competition. 3. If Alter Bridge had been here, I would have been very happy. 4. If you had come to my house, you would have met me. 5. If I had known her number, i would have called her. Use appropriate Conditional 1. If I had been in your place, I ________________(say) this. (a) If I had been in your place, I would have said this. (b) If I had being in your place, I would have said this. (c) Dont Know

2. I would not have gone if I ___________(know) it was going to rain. (a) I would not have go if I had known it was going to rain. (b) I would not have gone if I had known it was going to rain. (c) Dont Know 3. If you had called me, I _______________(be) glad to meet you. (a) If you had called me, I would have been glad to meet you. (b) If you have called me, I would have been glad to meet you. (c) Dont Know 4. If it rains next Saturday, I _________________(stay) at home. (a) If it rains next Saturday, I would have been at home. (b) If it will rain next Saturday, I would have been at home. (c) Dont Know 5. I will call you next week if I________(want) a lesson. (a) I will call you next week if I want a lesson. (b) I would call you next week if I want a lesson. (c) Dont Know 6. I _______________(like) to study Spanish if I had the time. (a) I should like to study Spanish if I had the time. (b) I would like to study Spanish if I had the time. (c) Dont Know 7. I will go to the beach next Saturday if the weather _____________(be) nice. (a) I would go to the beach next Saturday if the weather is nice. (b) I will go to the beach next Saturday if the weather is nice. (c) Dont Know

1. My younger brother thinks that everybody can become a teacher.He often asks himself . What . if I were a teacher? A. do I do B. will I do C. would I do D. am I doing E. am I going to do

2. Had I realized that Tony was a bad driver. I . my car. A. would not lend him B. did not lend him C. will not lend him D. would not have lent him E. had not had 3. If she works harder, she .. her paper in time. A. will finish B. would finish C. has finished D. will be finishing E. will have finished 4. If my car were in the better condition, I would make a long trip now. It may be concluded that I . A. have to stay at home B. are enjoying the trip C. prefer staying at home D. enjoyed the trip E. stayed at home 5. If there had been traffic lights at this intersection, there would not have been so many accident. we may conclude that A. Drivers were always careful at this intersection B. despite the traffic lights accident happen C. traffic lights often doesnt work D. We didnt find traffic light at this intersection E. There are many traffic accident 6.If his mother had not been ill, Tony would have joined the study tour to Jakarta. We conclude that Tony .. A. has just come back from the study tour B. went to Jakarta for Study tour C. left his sick mother at home D. refused to join the study tour to Jakarta E. went to jakarta after her mother had recovered 7. If you hungry, you take something to eat. a. Were c. are b. Was 8. a. b. 9. a. b. d. can

If Septia after the barbeque, Tiwi will let the guests in. Will have c. will play Had play d. can playing If you had spoken English, she understood. Can c. was Would have d. could

10. a. b. 11. a. b.

We swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there. Can c. was Would have d. could If she had taken the bus, she would not have arrived on time. Can c. was Would d. could 12. If he .. well, he would win the game A. play C. playing B. played D. Plays Jawab: B 13. If you had been sick, you .. some medicine A. would have taken C. Would had take B. could have taken D. Could had taken Jawab: A 14. You .. if you walk in the rain (sick) A. will sicks C. Would sick B. will sick D. Could sicks 15. If we dont try to save the Borobudur temple, we .. A. will losed C. Could lose it B. would lose it D. Will lose it Jawab: D 16. You wouldnt pass the examination unless you .. hard A. studiying C.study B. studied D. Studite Jawab: B 17. If he had played well, he .. won the A. would have C. Is B. could have D. Are Jawab: A 18. They will come if you .. them A. invited C. Invite B. inviting D. Invites 19. She .. type the letter if she had more time A. would C. can B. could D. Was 20.If he .. well, he would win the game A. play C. playing B. played D. Plays Passive and active 1.They were met by him yesterday

A. he met them yesterday C. He was them yesterday B. he are met them yesterday D. He were them met yesterday Jawaban: A. He met them yesterday 2. They have been met by him A. he has will met them C. He has met them B. he was met them D. He were met them Jawaban: C He has met them 3. This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here A. she had watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here B. she have watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here C. she was watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here D. she were watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here Jawaban: A. She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here 4. This plant was being watered by her. A. she are watering this plant B. she were wastering this plant C. she was watering this plant D. she will wastering this plant Jawaban : C. She was watering this plant 5. They would be being met by him. A. he would be meeting them B. he could be meeting them C. he are be meeting them D. he are be met them. Jawaban : A.He would be meeting them 6. All the books in the library______by the minister of Finance last year. A. Were given C. has given B. gave D. give 7. Its no use expecting an answer today, as your proposal_______by his mother. A.had not yet been receive C. will not have been received yet B. is not receive yet D. will receive 8. I became quite nervous when I knew that I would be _______by Mr. Kusman Aji. A. Was interviewing C. interviewed B. Interview D. Interviewing
9. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays. The passive of the underlined clause is: a. Their essays were needed to revise. b. their essays were need to be revising. c. Their essays were needed to be revised. d. Their essays needed to be revised. 10. Tono wasnt offered the job. We can also say: a. Tono didnt offer the job. b. They dont offer the job to Tono. c. Tono was offering the job.

d. They were offering Tono the job. 11. Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow? We dont know yet. They . by a team. a. are still being selected b. are still selecting c. still be selected d. still selected 12. The street . when we passed yesterday. a. has repaired b. is being repaired c. was being repaired d. has been repaired 13. When ? Before World War I a. this hospital to be built b. was this hospital being built c. this hospital built d. was this hospital built 14. Find the passive form of They will look after you well. a. You will be looked after well. b. They will be looked after you well. c. You will be well looked after. d. You will be to be looked after by them well. 15. A well-known architect is designing our new office. The passive form is: a. designs b. designed c. be designing d. is designing 16. What is the active form of English is spoken in the United States ? a. People in the US speak English. b. In the US speak English. c. Everybody speak English in the US. d. Everybody spoke English in the US. 17. After the house . white, it looked beautiful. a. had been painted b. to be painting c. had been painting d. had painted 18. What do people need for irrigation? The passive construction of the sentence is: a. What is needed for irrigation? b. What is irrigation needed for? c. What people are needed for irrigation? d. what is for irrigation needed? 19. Although the stolen car . the police cannot trace the thieves. a. is being found b. has found c. has been found d. had found 20. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building. From the sentence above we know that: a. The child had left his step mother alone in the empty building. b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away. c. The child wanted to leave his step mother in the empty building. d. The child had left his step mother before he went to the empty building.

Soal questions tag

1.

9.

She is a nurse, isnt she? 2. They are doctors, arent they? 3. Andi is sick, isnt he? 4. This car is very expensive, isnt it? 5. Martha and his sister are beautiful, arent they? 6. We can do it by ourselves, cant we? 7. Your father will fly to Medan, wont he? 8. You were my school friend, werent you? I am right, arent I? 10. The cat is hungry, isnt it?

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Handy likes swimming, doesnt he? Im your best friend, arent I? They work in our factory, dont they? The boys know Mrs. Lynns address, dont they? The man sells fruits, doesnt he? We met them last night, didnt we? You can handle it, cant you? Your sister has a cute cat, doesnt she? The tigers eat meat, dont they? I have invited you, havent I?

Modals
Please see the following sentences. Please mark C if it is CORRECT, and I if it is INCORRECT. 1. May I borrow your book, please? <..>C 2. I will to go to Semarang next week. <..>C 3. She can not to visit that historic area. <..>I 4. You may ride the motor cycle if you have Driving Lisence. <..>I 5. Sheila can go to my house yesterday. <..>C 6. Your glass is empty. . I get you some more fresh water? A. shall B. will C. can D. should 7. We . like to visit that new store some day. A. shall B. will C. can D. would 8. You are sick, but you dont come hospital to see a doctor. You . visit him soon. A. would B. could C. should D. will 9. I really dont know why Tony didnt come to the meeting. There .. something wrong with him. A. might be B. could be C. will be D. must have been 10. Rini is old enough. She . know better than the others about it.

A. will B. could C. must D. may be

11. My motorcycle runs out of oil. I .buy it because I will ride it to the meeting. A. should B. may C. can D. must 12. Yanti looks so pale and weak. He must be sick. The underlined sentence means: A. He has to be sick B. Maybe he is sick C. Its possible that he is sick. D. I conclude that he is sick 13. I could have somebody else to carry the heavy bags It means : A. I carried the heavy bags B Somebody else carried the heavy bags for me C. I asked someone carry the heavy bags. D. I would carry the heavy bags myself. Exercises : 14. They study hard,because next April they will take the examination A. Will B. Should C. Can 15. You ____ permit to your mother.if you go to school A. Must B. May C. Mustnt 16. She ____ come here tommorow. A. Will B. Can C. Must 17. He ____ speak English well if he took English course . A. Will B. Can C. Could 18. You seem to be having trouble there. ____I help you? A. Would B. Will C. Shall 19. Teddy got a bed score for his examination, ____study hard for next A. Should have studied B. Could have studied C. Might have studied 20. My father ____ play guitar when he was child A. Shall B. Can C. Could Both and Both of 1. Both of the women..from Jakarta. a. are c. was b. come d. is 2. All the wine.. in the dining room. a. are c. was b. does d. is 3. Do you like a. they both b. them all

c. they all d. are

4. those oranges are sweet. A. both c. none of b. none d. no 5. Both of..attended the meeting last week. a. us c. we b. your d. they

6. we.understand what is going on. a. none of c. none b. all of d. all 7. A: how many student are there in the room? B:.. a. all of us c. none b. both of us d. no 8. Both.are very interesting. a. book c. all b. novels d. of 9. You..must arrive on time everyday a. all of c. all b. no d. none 10. Does he want to helpthem? a. no c. none b. both of d. of

SOAL DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH

1. The woman says to him: you play the piano well. The girl says to him that . a. you play the piano well. b. he play the piano well c. he plays the piano well d. he played the piano well 2. Did he leave a message for me? yes, he said. tonight. a. he called you b. he would call him c. you called her d. he would call you 3. You mustnt forget what I told you. She told me .. a. that I hadnt to forget what she had told me b. that I didnt have to forget what I had told her. c. that I mustnt have forgotten what I told you. d. that I didnt have to forget what she had told me Tony said to me: Why does she sing so loudly? a. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly b. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly. c. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly d. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly How many pieces of bread can you eat? She said a. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat

4.

5.

b. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat c. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread d. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat 6. Where did you go four days ago? John asked. Tony asked . a. where did I go four days ago b. where I did go four days ago c. Where I had gone four days before d. where I had gone four days ago. Did you have an assignment last month? Father asked me Father asked me a. did I have an assignment last month b. I did have an assignment last month c. if I had had an assignment the month before d. if I did have an assignment the month before Were you at the party last night? Tony said. a. Tony said that I was at the party the night be tofore b. Tony wanted to know if he was at the party the night before c. Tony asked me if I was at the party d. Tony wanted to know if I had been at the party the night before Rudy said to me, Can I help you find a hotel? Rudy asked me if I could help her find a hotel I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel Rudy said that I could help me find a hotel Rudy asked me to find a hotel for him

7.

8.

9. a. b. c. d.

10. Siska says, The sun rises every morning. a. Siska says that the sun rises every morning. b. siska said the sun morning c. siska says asked the sun rises every morning d. every morning rises the sun askerd siska. 11. John says, Im trying to get a taxi. a. Im get a taxi trying, john asked
b. John says them trying to get a taxi. 1. making. A. B. C. D. E. 2. were would be had been would have been was. If she had come to the meeting yesterday afternoon, she ... involved in decision

The truth implied by the sentence in problem no. 1 is ....

A. B. C. D. E. 3.

She isn't coming to the meeting. She came to the meeting. She didn't come to the meeting. She had come to the meeting. She comes to the meeting.

If you had invited her to your party, I ... with her. A. B. C. D. E. had come would come would have come will come came

4.

The truth implied by the sentence in problem no. 3 is .... A. B. C. D. E. She came to the party to your party. You invited her to your party. You didn't invite her to your party. You had invited her to your party. You don't invite her to your party.

5.

There would be a risk of accident if you ... that cable on the floor. A. B. C. D. E. would leave left were left would have left leave

6.

Annie ... you if she had had your phone number. A. B. C. D. E. had called would call calls would have called will call

7.

The truth implied by the sentence in problem no. 6 is .... A. B. C. D. E. Annie doesnt have your phone number. Annie had your phone number. Annie wouldnt have your phone number. Annie didnt have your phone number. Annie called you.

8.

We would have met Mr. Woodhead, the famous speaker, if we ... earlier to the hall. A. B. C. D. E. would come will come came had come come

9.

The truth implied by the sentence in problem no. 8 is .... A. B. C. D. E. We would come earlier so we could meet Mr. Woodhead. We came earlier, so we met Mr. Woodhead. We didn't come earlier but we met Mr. Woodhead. We didn't came earlier, so we didn't met Mr. Woodhead. We met Mr. Woodhead although we didn't come earlier.

10.

If it rains this afternoon, I ... at home. A. B. C. D. E. will stay would stay would have stayed had stayed am staying

11.

If our team ... for the match more intensively, we would have won it. A. B. C. D. E. prepare had prepared have prepared prepared would have prepared

12.

The sentence in problem no. 11 implies that .... A. B. C. D. E. We didnt prepare intensively but we won the match. We had prepared intensively and, therefore, we won the match We prepared intensively, but we lost the match. We prepared intensively in order to win the match. We didnt prepare intensively and lost the match.

13. hall.

If the EXIT doors ... locked, those people would have escaped easily from the burning

A. B. C. D.

had not been would not be have not been were not

E. 14.

wouldn't have been

The sentence in problem no. 13 implies that .... A. B. C. D. E. The people could not escape easily because the EXIT doors were locked. The people could not escape easily although the EXIT doors were not locked. The people cannot escape easily because the EXIT doors are locked. The people cannot escape easily because the EXIT doors aren't locked. The people could escape easily because the EXIT doors weren't locked.

15.

Had she known about the story, she ... us about it. A. B. C. D. E. told has told would tell would have told had told

16.

The truth implied by the sentence in no. 15 is .... A. B. C. D. E. She knew about the story so she told us about it. She told us the story because she knew about it. She didn't tell us the story because she didn't know about it. She told us the story although she didn't know much about it. She didn't tell us the story although she knew about it.

17.

If the delivery is late, we ... the shipping. A. B. C. D. E. are paying paid would have paid would pay will pay

18.

If this school had a complete multi-media laboratory, learning ... more enjoyable. A. B. C. D. E. was will be would be were would have been

19.

The sentence in no. 18 tells us that .... A. B. C. The school had a complete multi-media laboratory. The school will have a complete multi-media laboratory. The school doesn't have a complete multi-media laboratory.

D. E. 20.

The school has a complete multi-media laboratory. The school didn't have a complete multi-media laboratory.

Things could have been different if we ... the tires before leaving. A. B. C. D. E. didn't check checked had not checked would have checked wouldn't check

21. sick"

Choose the best conditional sentence for: "He didnt take care of his health, so he fell

A. B. C. D. E. 22.

If he took care of his health, he wouldn't be sick. If he had taken care of his health, he wouldn't have been sick. If he didnt take care of his health, he would be sick. If he takes care of his health, he won't be sick. If he doesn't take care of his health, he will be sick.

Choose the best conditional sentence for: "Medical expense is not cheap. Poor

people cant afford it." A. If medical expense hadn't been cheap, poor people wouldn't have been able

to afford it. B. C. D. E. If medical expense were cheap, poor people would be able to afford it. If medical expense is cheap, poor people will be able to afford it. If medical expense weren't cheap, poor people wouldn't be able to afford it. If medical expense had been cheap, poor people would have been able to

afford it. 23. Choose the best conditional sentence for: "The device is broken now because you

didnt use it properly last night." (mixed conditional) A. B. C. D. E. 24. The device won't be broken now if you had used it properly last night. The device wouldn't be broken now if you had used it properly last night. The device wouldn't be broken now if you used it properly last night. The device will be broken now if you didnt use it properly last night. The device would be broken now if you hadn't used it properly last night.

Choose the best conditional sentence for: "I didnt read the instructions carefully, so I If I didnt read the instructions carefully, I would have made a lot of mistakes If I read the instructions carefully, I wouldn't make a lot of mistakes. Had I read the instructions carefully, I wouldn't have made a lot of mistakes.

made a lot of mistakes" A. B. C.

D. E. 25.

If I didnt read the instructions carefully, I would make a lot of mistakes Had I not read the instructions carefully, I would have made a lot of mistakes

Choose the best conditional sentence for: "She doesnt live here, so she doesnt If she hadnt lived here, she wouldnt have known this area very well If she lives here, she will know this area very well If she lived here, she would know this area very well. If she didnt live here, she wouldnt know this area very well

know this area very well" A. B. C. D.

E. If she had lived here, she would have known this area very well 1. If I ______ the flu I would have gone with you. A. hadn't B. didn't have C. have D. hadn't had E. wouldn.t have had

2. 'Will you come to the meeting?' 'If you come, I ________.' A. come B. will C. do D. am E. too

3. If you took the clothes to the laundry now, they ______. A. had washed B. has been washed C. will be washed D. will wash E. would be washed

4. If he prepared his lesson, he ______ his examinations. A. passed B. would pass C. had passed D. would have passed E. would be passed

5. He ________ if I had not reminded him. A. may forget B. must forget C. may forgot D. should forget E. might have forgotten

6. We ____ the work if we had been given enough time. A. finished B. would finish C. could finish D. could have finished E. could be finished

7. He didn't pass his exams. If he had studied harder, he _______. A. can pass B. could pass D. can passed it E. will pass it

C. could have passed

8. If someone had taken her book, she _____ the teacher. A. would have told to B. would have told C. will have told it D. had told it E. would told it to

9. 'I didn't know that Tutui was at home.' '_________.' A. If I did, I would come and see her B. If I had known, I would have come and seen her C. If I knew, I came and saw her D. If I have known, I have come and seen her E. If I know, I'll come and see her

10. It rained very hard this morning, but mother didn't have an umbrella with her.

We may conclude that ______. A. If she had an umbrella, she didn't get wet B. If she had an umbrella, she could not get wet C. If she has an umbrella, she will not get wet D. If she has an umbrella, she would not be wet E. If she had had an umbrella, she would not have been wet

11. I could never have finished my work if my brother _____ me. A. didn' help B. hasn't helped C. hadn't helped D. doesn't help E. wasn't helping

12. When the little boy saw the dog, he ran away and was bitten. We can conclude that _________. A. If he hadn't ran away, he wouldn't have been bitten B. If he doesn't run away, he won't be bitten C. If he ran away, he wouldn't be bitten D. If he hasn't run away, he would be bitten E. unless he run away, he wouldn't be bitten

13. They climbed higher so that they got a better view. We can also say ________. A. If they had not climbed higher, they would not have got a better view B. If they didn't climb higher, they wouldn't get a better view C. If they didn't climb higher, they didn't get a better view D. If they don't climb higher, they won't get a better view E. If they won't climb higher, they don't get a better view

14. 'It is good that Ann reminded me about Prabu's birthday.' _______________. A. I would have forgotten if she hadn't reminded me B. I will forget it if she doesn't remind me C. I might forget it if she doesn't remind me D. I would forget it if she didn't remind me E. I could not forget it if she hadn't remind me

15. 'I am sorry our football team has lost.' '______________.' A. You wouldn't, if you trained harder B. You won't, if you train harder C. You wouldn't, if you would train harder D. You wouldn't have, if you had trained harder E. You don't, if you have trained harder

16. If the mechanic had done his work properly, you _____ no problems with your car yesterday. A. would have had B. havr had C. would have D. had haf E. will have

17. 'If they had known that the flood was coming, they wouldn't have been stayed in their house.' Means ______________. A. They knew that the flood was coming; therefore, they stayed in their house B. They decided to stay in their house although the flood was coming C. They couldn't stay in their house because they knew that the flood was coming D. They didn't know that the flood was coming; therefore, they stayed

in their house E. They didn't want to stay in their house because they knew that the flood was coming

18. Rudi would have lost his way in London if he hadn't been able to speak English well. The above sentence means '___________.' A. Rudy got lost because his English was poor B. Although Rudi's English was good, he got lost C. As Rudi could not communicate in English, he got lost D. In spite of his good English, Rudi did not get lost E. Rudi didn't get lost because his English was good

20. It's beginning to rain. _______, we won't be able to finish the ball game. A. If it stops B. Should stop C. Unless it stops D. If it didn't stop E. Had it not stopped