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Satellite Scanning

Satellite scanning uses physics principles like Newton's laws of motion and gravitation to put satellites into stable orbits around Earth. Satellites use sensors to detect minerals and resources from space. While this provides environmental and social benefits like conservation and education, it also has negatives like producing pollution during launch and potential damage if satellites crash to Earth. Satellites transmit data to ground stations using radio signals to allow detection of minerals and mapping of resources from orbit.

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Kenneth Nyu
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84 views

Satellite Scanning

Satellite scanning uses physics principles like Newton's laws of motion and gravitation to put satellites into stable orbits around Earth. Satellites use sensors to detect minerals and resources from space. While this provides environmental and social benefits like conservation and education, it also has negatives like producing pollution during launch and potential damage if satellites crash to Earth. Satellites transmit data to ground stations using radio signals to allow detection of minerals and mapping of resources from orbit.

Uploaded by

Kenneth Nyu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Satellite Scanning
Randy Putera Adhirama Ang Mr. Milne SPH4U

Scanning for Minerals and Resources from Space.

Question: What physics principles are used for the technology? What social, economic and environmental effects does the technology have on individual users and society in general? How does the technology works?

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What is Satellite?
Satellite is an object that goes around a larger object for example moon is the satellite that moves around the earth. However, technology has developed and artificial satellite has been made. It was confidential and it was not exposed to public as it was used by the military. However, it is not a secret anymore.

Physics Principles That Are Used For The Satellite


Newton's law of motion and gravitation: Law of motion: Newton's first law of motion states that every matter continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless there are external forces acting on it. Newton's second law states that if there is an external force acting on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force. Magnitude of the acceleration is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force and inversely proportional to the object's mass, where F = ma. Newton's third law indicates that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Law of gravitation: The force of attraction between any two particles is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them which leads to formula of F=Gm1m2/r2, where G = 6.673 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2. For the previous law of motion which explains how the satellite stays in orbit instead of moving. 1. First law proves that a satellite would tend to go off in a straight line if no force were applied to it. 2. Second law proves that an attractive force makes the satellite deviate from a straight line and orbit earth.

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Law of gravitation: 1. This attractive force is the gravitational force between earth and the satellite. Gravity provides the inward pull that keeps the satellite in orbit. Assuming a circular orbit, the gravitational force must equal the centripetal force.

=
where v = tangential velocity r = orbit radius Re = radius of earth h = altitude of orbit m = mass of satellite me = mass of earth

V=

, so v depends only on the altitude of the orbit

The period of the satellite's orbit is

T=

= 2r

= 2

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The term "geosynchronous orbit" means that the orbit around earth of an object with an orbital speed matching the rate of earth's rotation, the period of such an orbit is exactly one earth day. The term "geosynchronous orbit" is a type of geosynchronous orbit in which the satellite orbits directly over the equator. Therefore, the altitude of a satellite can be calculated in geosynchronous orbit. The higher the altitude of the satellite the longer the period of its orbit. Moving it high enough will make its orbit match Earths rotation rate.

r=

Kepler's Laws: Assuming that satellites travel in circular orbits, but this is not genuinely true in practice. Newtons Laws can be used to produce the exact form of a satellites orbit. However, Keplers Laws can be used as it has better result that the Newton's. (1) All planets travel in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus which defines the shape of the orbit. (2) The radius from the Sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times which determines how orbital position varies in time. (3) The square of the period of a planets revolution is proportional to the cube of its semi major axis which suggests that there is some systematic factor at work.

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Social And Environmental Effects


Satellites have greatly helped the environment and have contributed to social. For social, it helps scientists such as geologist to locate the coordinate of the minerals and resources. Thus, they can be found easily through satellite. One of the example of the satellite that has been launched is LANDSAT, and the recent satellite that is orbiting around the earth is LANDSAT-7. Moreover this satellite is used not only by the scientists, but also it is used for educational. However, there is negative impact of satellite as well. Satellite may be crashed with rocks in space and the satellite would become a meteor which may destroy all the buildings and terrains around the certain radius at where it lands. For environment, as the scientist know where the minerals are, they will conserve the ground where the minerals located in order to prevent the minerals to run out. Yet, there is a bad impact of the satellite for the environment. It produces much pollution just after it is launched, the carbon monoxide produced may harm humans' lungs, it may corrupt the ozone as well. This technology makes more benefits for government compare to society, as someone has to have the government permission if he wants to launch a satellite. Yet, he has to pay tax which is very expensive. Thus, government gets the money for themselves to keep. To sum up, as the scientists are able to locate the minerals, they may search and secure the minerals for themselves but they have to pay the tax for the governments. Therefore, not only governments take the benefits from the launching, but also they take the advantage of digging up the minerals.

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How The Satellite Works


How do the satellites get up there in space? Firstly, to get up there, they are riding on a rocket. After the rocket is in space, it releases the satellite immediately but the satellite is not stable as the rocket is moving. Thus, in order to put a satellite into a stable orbit, it needs to overcome gravitational attraction and the resistance of the lower atmosphere. Yet, based on the scientist, the fuel that the rocket needs has to be 97% fuel, and the payload can only be about 3% of the rocket's mass. Once the satellites is set, it can start its functions. Component of the satellite: They have a metal frame and body, usually known as the bus. The bus holds everything together in space and provides enough strength to survive the launch. They have a source of power such as solar cells and batteries for storage. They have an onboard computer to control and monitor the different systems. They have a radio system and antenna They have an attitude control system. The ACS keeps the satellite pointed in the right direction. There are 3 ways of getting the data to the ground. First, it does the on-board recording and pre-processing. Second, direct telemetry to ground stations which will receive data transmissions from the satellite and transmit commands to satellites by pointing, turning directions or software updating. Third, indirect transmission through Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS). These 3 ways can be used to track or find minerals on earth. Special satellite software which uses Keplerian data to predict each orbit, are available on the Internet for amateur radio satellites. Satellites various lightsensitive sensors to determine their position. The satellite transmits its position to the ground station. On the other hand, satellites are in altitudes of 3,000 to 6,000 miles. They send their research data to Earth via radio telemetry signals.

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Work Cited

Bruni, Dan; Dick, Greg; Speijer, Jacob; Stewart, Charles, "PHYSICS 12". Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd, 2012. Print. http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite1.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite2.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite3.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite4.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite5.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite6.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite7.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite8.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite9.htm http://www.gma.org/surfing/sats.html http://www.geo.orst.edu/classes/geo444_544/LECTURES/lecture6.pdf http://www.satimagingcorp.com/satellite-sensors/landsat.html http://www.satimagingcorp.com/svc/mining.html http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/people/strong/phy499/section2_05.pdf

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