LBB & BUSBAR PROTECTION

PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU

[email protected], Mobile:9440336984

NOMINICLATURE

LBB : Local Breaker Backup Relay. BFR : Breaker Failure Relay. CBF : Circuit Breaker Failure Relay. ANSI Code : 50Z or 50BF. This is Current Operated Relay.

BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION

LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN THE CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT BREAKER. IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING TIME MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT CLEARED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACKUP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT. THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS. REMOTE BACK-UP. LOCAL BACK-UP.

REMOTE BACK-UP BACKPROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE RELAYS (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE SUBSTATION.

LOCAL BACK-UP BACKLOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO CATAGORIES. RELAY BACK-UP BREAKER BACK-UP

RELAY BACK-UP BACKDUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL ) OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}). IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS. TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.

BREAKER BACK-UP BACKBECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM. IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE FORE BE TRIPPED.

LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN PROTECTION OPERATED YES TRIP MAIN BREAKER FAULT CLEARED YES RESET BREAKER FAILURE SCHEME

RETRIP

NO

YES

INITIATE BFR

WAIT FOR FAULT CLEARENCE

AND

TRIP BACK-UP/ Adjacent BREAKERS

The Breaker Failure Protection (LBB/BFR) can operate single-stage/twostage. When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails. When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command of the first stage is not successful.

LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART

FAULT OCCURS

NORMAL CLEARING TIME

NORMAL CLEARING
PROTECTIVE RELAY FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY BREAKER INTURUPTING TIME RESETTING TIME OF THE CURRENT MEASURING UNITS

MARGIN

~30ms

~60ms

<12ms
TRIPPING RELAY TIME BACK-UP BREAKER INTERUPTING TIME MARGIN

SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT

INOPERATIVE BREAKER

BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY

LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS PHASE L1 PHASE L2/E PHASE L3

A/D CONVERTER PHASE CURRENT SET POINT

~
|||

I > ISET I > ISET

EARTH CURRENT SET POINT

& &

LED (PHASE START) ALARM RELAY (PHASE START)

>1
ALARM RELAY (EARTH START) LED (EARTH START)

OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY BINARY INPUT CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE

TIMING/OUTPUT STAGE

TIME STAGE T1

TRIP T1 RELAY

&
0
TIME STAGE T2 SWITCHED OFF TIME STAGE T2

LED

&
>1 O&

ALARM T1 RELAY TRIP T2 RELAY

LED LED
CB FAILURE INITIATE

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/ BFR PROTECTION COMMENTS GENERAL

In the event of any CB fails to trip on receipt of command from Protection relays, all CBs connected to the Bus section to which the faulty circuit Breaker is connected are required to be tripped with minimum possibly delay through LBB Protection. This Protection also Provides coverage for faults between CB and CT which are not cleared by other protections.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LBB/BFR PROTECTION

i) In all new 400KV and 220KV Substations as well as Generating Stations Switch Yard, it must be provided for each Circuit Breaker. ii) For existing Switch Yards, it is considered a must at 400KV level and also 220KV Switch Yards having multiple feed. iii) In case of radially fed 220KV Substations, Provision of LBB Protection is desirable but not essential.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR REQUIREMENTS

i) Have Short Operation and Drop off times. ii) Have 3 Phase Current elements with facility for Phase wise initiation. iii)have current setting range such that these can be set minimum 200mA for Line and 50mA for generators (for 1A CT for secondary). iv) Have one common associated timer with adjustable setting.
REQUIREMENTS OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Operating Time Breaking Capacity Stuck Breaker Probability Operating Sequence / Duty cycle

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR OPERATION

The Breaker Failure Protection operate single-stage/two-stage.

(LBB/BFR)

can

When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails. When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command of the first stage is not successful. (This is More recommended)

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS

(i) The relay is separate for each breaker and is to be connected in the secondary circuit of the CTs associated with that particular breaker. (ii)For line breakers, direct tripping of remote end breaker(s) should be arranged on operation of LBB protection. For transformer breakers, direct tripping of breaker(s) on the other side of the transformer should be arranged on operation of LBB protection (iii) For lines employing single phase auto reclosing, the LBB relays should be started on a single phase basis from the trip relays.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS

(iv) The CT sec core may be separate core, if available. Other wise it shall be Clubbed (in series) with Main-1 or Main-2 protection. (v)It is considered a good practice to have DC circuits of Gr.A and Gr. B protections and relay independent. (vi) LBB cannot operate without proper initiation. It is good practice to provide redundant trip output and breaker fail input where other forms of redundancy does not exist. (vii) Separation should be maintained between protective relay and CB trip coil DC circuit so that short circuit or blown fuse in the CB circuit will not prevent the protective relay from energizing the LBB scheme.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS

(viii) In addition to other fault sensing relays the LBB relay should be initiated by Bus bar protection, since failure of CB to clear a bus fault would result in the loss of entire station if BFP relay is not initiated (ix) Tripping logic of the bus bar protection scheme shall be used for LBB protection also. (x) For breaker-fail relaying for low energy faults like buchholz operation, special considerations may have to be given to ensure proper scheme operation by using C.B. contact logic in addition to current detectors.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SETTING CRITERIA

(i) Current level detectors should be set as sensitive as the main protections A general setting of 0.2 A is commonly practiced for Lines and Transformers (ii) Timer setting should be set considering breaker interrupting time, current detector reset time and a margin. Generally a timer setting of 200 ms has been found to be adequate.

LBB/BFR connections during STATIC Relays CT CORE-5: Main-1 Distance Relay & Fault Locator are in series. CT CORE-4: Main-2 / Backup Relay, LBB/BFR & Disturbance Recorder are in series.
1-52CB
IN CASE OF LINE CORE-5
P2 P1

21 L1 / 87 L1 for Line

FAULT LOCALOCATOR
IN CASE OF LINE

CORE-4

P2

LBB BFR

P1

21 L2 / 87 L2 For Line

DIST REC

LBB/BFR connections during NUMERICAL Relays 1. Fault Locator is inbuilt feature in both Distance Schemes. 2. Disturbance Recorder is also inbuilt feature in both Distance Schemes. 3. Most of the Utilities are not accepting the LBB is Inbuilt feature of Main-1 or Main-2/ BU Protection. But Accepting Inbuilt feature of BUSBAR Protection.

1-52CB
P2

CORE-5
P1

21 L1 / 87 L1 for Line
LBB BFR

P2

CORE-4
P1

21 L2 / 87 L2 For Line

NEXT DEVELOPMENT
1-52CB
P2

21 L1 OR 87 L1

CORE-5
P1
ABB Network Partner AG REL531

P2

CORE-4
P1

21 L2 OR 87 L2
C E

P2

CORE-2
P1

50 Z + 87BB LBB IS INBUILT CENTRALISED BUSBAR

1. LBB is now Part of BUSBAR Protection Relay, For Distributed Architecture or Centralised Architecture. 2. In case of Distributed Architecture, CT connections, Binary Input & Output Connections are up to BAY / Peripheral Unit and BU/PU to BUSBAR is Fiber Optic Link 3. In case of Centralised Architecture I, V, BI & BO to Central Unit.

OR
ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG

P2
1 2 3 4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BU/PU

CORE-1
P1

5 6 7 8

FIBER OPTIC
C E

50Z +87BB CENTRAL UNIT LBB IS INBUILT BUSBAR

C E

NEXT DEVELOPMENT
1. 2. ABB is developed the New Concept i.e CT connections are up to Main-1 Protection & Main-1 to Bay Unit and BAY UNIT to BUSBAR is Fiber Optic Link. (Numerical Distributed Architecture) and Similarly for Main-2 Protection. The CB and Isolator Status Given to Bay Unit.
1-52CB

3. 4.

21 L1 / 87L1
P2

BAY UNIT

CENTRAL UNIT

CORE-5

FO
P1

FO

CORE-4

P2

FO

FO

P1

21 L2 / 87L2

BAY UNIT

CENTRAL UNIT

NEXT DEVELOPMENT FOR REDUNDANT BUSBAR PROTECTION FOR DISTRIBUTED OR CENTRALISED ARCHITECTURE
1-52CB
P2

CORE-1
P1

P2

CORE-2
P1

OR
P2

CORE-1
P1

FIBER OPTIC

P2
1 2 3 4

ABB Network Partner AG

REL 316*4

ABB Network Partner AG

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BU/PU

CORE-2
P1

5 6 7 8

FIBER OPTIC
C E

50Z +87BB CENTRAL UNIT LBB IS INBUILT BUSBAR

C E

RECENT DEVELOPMENT 1. New Relay Introduced i.e Breaker Management Relay. 2. In this LBB (50Z) + A/R (79) + Check Syn (25)+ O/C&E/F (67/51/50) are Inbuilt features. 3. This is connected to Centralised Unit Through Fiber Optic or CT Connections are in Series to BUSBAR.
1-52CB
P2

BMR

CORE-2
P1

FO

P2

CORE-1
P1

FO BMR

INITIATION TO LBB / BFR

1. 2. 3. 4. 21L1 & 21L2 Operation will operate 1-Ph Trip Relays (186-R,Y,B & 286-R,Y,B). These Relays will energise the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker and initiate the LBB Relay. 87T1 & 87T2 & Other Relays will operate Master Trip Relays / High Speed Trip Relays (86Gr-A, 86Gr-B). These Relays will energise the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker and initiate the LBB Relay. BUSBAR Relays will operate Master Trip Relays / High Speed Trip Relays (96-BB). These Relays will energise the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker and initiate the LBB Relay. Incase of Transfer Bus System or Bypass Isolator System initiation of LBB is selection of Normal / Transfer switch Position.

LBB / BFR Tripping Logic When LBB Operated following Output Operations will Taken Place. To Main-1 Disturbance Recorder. To Main-2 Disturbance Recorder. . To 86 Gr-A Bi-Stable relay. To 86 Gr-B Bi-Stable relay. To 87BUSBAR Output Relays ( 96BB1 and/or 96BB2). Direct Trip Ch-1 to Other end. Direct Trip Ch-2 to Other end. To Annunciation. To SER / RTU. Incase of ONE & HALF CB System, Central/ Tie LBB Having Duplicate Tripping Logics for 2 sides of Main Bays.

MAIN-1 (21L1) PROTECTION OPERATED

+VE -VE

21 MAIN-1
186 R1
R PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2

186 R2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2

186 Y1
Y PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2

186 Y2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2

186 B1
B PHASE

186 B2
TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2 TO TC-1 TO TC-2

BINARY OUTPUT

MAIN-2 (21L2) PROTECTION OPERATED

+VE -VE

21 MAIN-2
286 R1
R PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2

286 R2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2

286 Y1
Y PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2

286 Y2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2

286 B1
B PHASE

286 B2
TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2 TO TC-1 TO TC-2

BINARY OUTPUT

86 GA (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

+VE PB RESET -VE

21L1:MAIN-1
OPERATED

87T1:MAIN-1

TO ANN TO SER

TO CL I/L TO LBB

OTHER PROTECTIONS
TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO M1 DR TO M2 DR

86 GA MASTER TRIP RELAY

86 GB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

+VE PB RESET -VE

21L2:MAIN-2
OPERATED TO ANN

87T2:MAIN-2

TO SER

TO CL I/L TO LBB

OTHER PROTECTIONS
TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO M1 DR TO M2 DR

86 GB MASTER TRIP RELAY

96 BB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

+VE PB RESET -VE

OPERATED TO D/T-1

FROM LBB

TO D/T-2 TO ANNUN TO CL I/L TO LBB TO SER TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO M1 DR TO M2 DR

96 BB MASTER TRIP RELAY

FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM, ONE & HALF CB SYSTEM, DOUBLE CB & DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM & RING MAIN BUS SYTEM

87 BUSBAR

LBB Operation & Output

(SINGLE BUS / DOUBLE BUS / QUAD BUS SYSTEM)
INITIATION 186 R 186 Y 186 B 286 R 286 Y 286 B 86 GR-A 86 GR-B 96 BB

LBB / BFR
TIMER +VE 50X -VE
TO D/T CH-1 TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO 96 BB TO BUSBAR

LBB Operation & Output

(TRANSFER BUS / BYPASS ISO SYSTEM)
INITIATION 186 R 186 Y 186 B 286 R 286 Y 286 B 86 GR-A 86 GR-B 96 BB

LBB / BFR
TIMER +VE 50X -VE
TO D/T CH-1 TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR

+VE

+VE

+VE

. . .
NT NT NT

In case of Feeder bay / Transformer Bay

In case of Transfer Bay for Transfer Bus System initiation to that LBB In case of Bus Coupler Bay for Bypass ISO System initiation to that LBB

LBB Operation & Output

(ONE&HALF CB SYSTEM)
INITIATION 186 R 186 Y 186 B 286 R 286 Y 286 B 86 GR-A 86 GR-B 96 BB

LBB / BFR
TIMER +VE
TO D/T CH-1

50X1 -VE

50X2

-VE

TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR IN THIS 2 NOS TRIPPING AUXILIARY RELAYS PROVIDED FOR MAIN CB & TIE CB. IN CASE OF TIE LBB, ONE FOR BUS-1 MAIN CB & OTHER FOR BUS-2 MAIN CB.

TO D/T CH-1 TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR

LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB AT/F-1 BUS-2

50Z

50ZT

50Z

LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY. 1No LBB RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER. LBB IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY. LBB RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B OR/AND 96) OPERATES OR SINGLE PHASE TRIP RELAYS OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP. LBB RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED. LBB RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE. AFTER ENERGISED THE LBB RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION.
NEW CONCEPT: Normally the CT connections for LBB/BFR relay is in series with Main-2 Protection. In case of Numerical Distributed LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar System, the CT connections for Bus-Bar are terminated at LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar is interconnected by Fiber-Optic cable.

1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB REL521 MAINMAIN-1 86-A 8686-A 862-52CB TC-2 TC-1 86-B 86-

ABB REL316 MAINMAIN-2

DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION (96-BB ) OPTD AND BUSBAR-1 ISOLATED

50Z

86-B 86-

TO 96-ZT TRIP RELAY OF TIE CB(2-52CB)

1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1 TC-2

3-52CB BUS-2

Breaker Failure Relay of the Main Circuit Breaker Trips the 1. Connected Bus Bar Protection, 2. Tie Circuit Breaker 96/50Z Relay & 3. Remote End Circuit Breaker through Carrier Tripping.

2-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB REL521 MAINMAIN-1 ABB RET521 MAINMAIN-1 86-A 86-

ABB REL316 MAINMAIN-2

50ZT
DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END TO 96-BB TRIP RELAY OF LINE CB(1-52CB)

ABB RET316 MAINMAIN-2

INTER TRIP TO LVCB & TBCCB

86-B 86-

TO 96-BB TRIP RELAY OF AT/F(ICT) CB (3-52CB)

1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1

2-52CB TC-2

3-52CB BUS-2

Breaker Failure Relay of the Tie Circuit Breaker Trips the 1. Both Sides Main Circuit Breakers and 2. Remote End Circuit Breakers through carrier Tripping ( In case of Transformer, LV Circuit Breaker)

3-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB RET521 MAINMAIN-1 86-A 8686-A 8686-B 8650Z
INTER TRIP TO LV CB & TBC CB BUSBAR-2 (96 BB) PROTECTION OPTD AND BUSBAR-2 ISOLATED

ABB RET316 MAINMAIN-2

1-52CB TC-1 BUS-1

2-52CB TC-2 TC-2

86-B 86-

TO 96-ZT TRIP RELAY OF TIE CB(2-52CB)

3-52CB TC-1 BUS-2

Breaker Failure Relay of the Main Circuit Breaker Trips the 1. Connected Bus Bar Protection 2. Tie Circuit Breaker 96/50Z Relay & 3. Remote End Circuit Breaker ( In case of ICT, LV CB)

DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB (7 SS 52) SIEMENS (MICOM P740) AREVA

OR
BUS-1

OR

10 10-52

11-52

12-52

BUS-2

OR

OR

15-52

3-52

6-52

9-52

14-52

2-52

5-52

8-52

13 13-52

1 1-52

4 4-52

7 7-52

LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB BUS-2

50Z

50Z

THE ABOVE SYSTEM IS DOUBLE BUS AND DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM. THE ABOVE CONFIGUARATION IS UTILISED IN 765KV SYSTEM. IN THIS SYSTEM EACH CIRCUIT BREAKER HAVING SEPARATE LBB. BREAKER FAILURE RELAY OF THE 1-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS THE CONNECTED BUS, 2-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER, AND REMOTE END CIRCUIT BREAKER. SIMILARLY BREAKER FAILURE RELAY OF THE 2-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS THE CONNECTED BUS, 1-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER, AND REMOTE END CIRCUIT BREAKER. INCASE OF TRANSFORMER THE REMOTE END BREAKER MEANS IV CIRCUIT BREAKER.

DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB (7 SS 52) SIEMENS

OR
BUS-1
1 1-52 3 3-52 5 5-52 7-52 9-52 10-52

2-52

4-52

6-52

BUS-2

OR

8-52

NEED/NECESSICITY

BUSBAR Protection is provided for high speed sensitive clearance of BUSBAR faults by tripping all the Circuit Breakers connected to faulty bus. A BUSBAR Protection is a Protection to protect BUSBARs at Short-Circuits and Earth-faults. In the childhood of electricity no separate Protection was used for the BUSBARs. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for BUSBAR Protection. In its absence fault clearance takes place in zone-II of Distance Relay by remote end tripping. With increasing Short-Circuit Power in the network separate BUSBAR Protections have to be installed to limit the damage at primary faults. A delayed tripping for BUSBAR faults can also lead to instability in nearby generators and total system collapse.

NEED/NECESSICITY

The earliest form of BUS Protection was that provided by the relays of circuits (i.e. Lines , Transformers, Reactors & Capacitor Banks) over which current was supplied to a BUS. In other words the BUS was included within the backup zone of these relays. This method was relatively slow speed, and loads tapped from the lines would be interrupted unnecessarily, but it was otherwise effective. Some preferred this method to one in which the inadvertent operation of a single relay would trip all the connections to the BUS. This Means Slow And Unselective Tripping And Wide Spread Black Out.

EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

Greater damage at fault point. Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of Generator and windings of Transformer.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The Principle of Operation of Bus bar protection is Kirchoffs Current Law. i.e. Sum of the Currents Entering in to the Node is equal to Sum of the Currents Leaving the node. Here Node Means BUSBAR.

CAUSES OF BUS ZONE FAULTS

Deterioration of Insulating Material. Flashover of insulators due to lightning or System Over Voltages. Wrong application of /or failure to remove temporary earth connections. Short circuits caused by birds, monkeys, vermin and the like. Short circuits machinery. caused by construction

BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE

EXTERNAL FAULT
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I5 I3 I1

INTERNAL FAULT
IF

I2

I4

I6

IF

IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5

IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6

RECOMMENDATIONS

Must have as short tripping time as possible. Must be able to detect internal faults. Must be absolutely stable at external faults. External faults are much more common than internal faults. The magnitude of external faults can be equal to the stations maximum breaking capacity, while the function currents can go down to approximately 2% of the same. The stability factor there fore needs to be at least 50 times i.e. 20. CT-saturation at external faults must not lead to mal-operation of the BUSBAR Protection. Must be able to detect and trip only the faulty part of the BUSBAR system. Must be secure against mal-operation due to auxiliary contact failure, human mistakes and faults in the secondary circuits etc.

TYPES OF BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION: PROTECTION High Impedance Differential Protection has traditionally been provided by Electromechanical Relays and associated stabilising resistances connected across the Current Transformer secondary bus wires of the Protected zone, i.e. the Measuring Circuit comprises a High impedance stabilising Resistor (Metrosil) connected across the circulating current arrangement of all the CTs in parallel. The resulting Scheme is economical, simple in concept and easily extendable to cover additional circuits. It has an added advantage that low fault current settings can be achieved whilst retaining through fault stability. Application of this type of scheme can however sometimes be limited by the need for CTs on each circuit to be of the same ratio and by the knee point voltage required to achieve fast operating times. The Value of Stabilising Resistor chosen such that the voltage drop across the relay circuit is insufficient to operate the relay for faults outside the protection zone. The High-impedance protection scheme, on the other hand, is a good Solution for single BUSBAR arrangements, 1 breaker systems or ring BUSBARS, providing that appropriate dedicated CT cores are available For this use alone.

TYPES OF BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES

MEDIUM/MODERATE IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTN PROTN: This is effectively combination of the normal plain circulating current High-Impedance and Stabilised percentage biased differential scheme. This relay acts as Medium Impedance Protection during internal faults & but Low Impedance Protection during load and external faults. Although heavy through fault currents may produce a different current that exceeds the differential pick-up setting, stabilizing current prevents tripping. The requirements made on the primary CTs are subsequently less stringent than for a simple HighImpedance Scheme.

LOW IMPEDANCE PROTECTION

PHASE COMPARISION BUSBAR PROTECTION: PROTECTION This operates on the principle that any BUSBAR fault will be characterised by all current flows towards the protected BUSBARS and phase coincidence and is checked for positive and negative half cycles. In addition the non coincidence is used for as a blocking signal. However under low fault level conditions, it is possible for some load flow to continue. To prevent this from stabilising the Protection, a fault load current of Highest rated outgoing circuit is normally selected i.e. pick-up level is set above the load current. The differential current can also be included in the phase comparison , there by further improving stability. The Main advantage of this scheme is that, it is not necessary for the current transformers on each circuit to be equal ratio. Also the current transformers may be lower output than those required for High-Impedance Schemes.

LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

PERCENTAGE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION: PROTECTION This Protection is known as current comparison with current restraint, biased or percentage differential relaying. The operating current is the Phasor sum of all feeder currents and the restraint current is the arithmetic sum. A trip command is given when operating current is greater than its pickup level and the stabilising factor the ratio of operating current to restraint current. in case of CTs ratios differ, the currents have to be balanced by using interposing CTs (Aux ratio matching CTs). In this load bias take care for any matching errors. where as High-Impedance protection the scheme is inherently stable during CT saturation, in this scheme special measures must be taken to ensure the protection remains stable during CT saturation. In this scheme check feature can be included. This type incorporates a stabilising resistor to ensure through fault stability at high fault levels. This can limit the minimum size of current transformer that will be required to ensure high speed performance.

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY WITH LINEAR COUPLERS

The problem of CT saturation is eliminated at its source by air-core CTs called linear couplers. These CTs are like bushing CTs but they have no iron in their core, and the number of secondary turns is much greater. The secondary-excitation characteristic of these CTs is a straight line having a slope of about 5 volts per 1000 ampere-turns. Contrasted with conventional CTs, linear couplers may be operated without damage with their secondaries open-circuited. In fact, very little current can be drawn from the secondary, because so much of the primary magneto-motive force is consumed in magnetizing the core. The linear couplers are connected in a series of all CTs & to VoltageDifferential circuit. For normal load or external-fault conditions, the sum of the voltages induced in the secondaries is zero, except for the very small effects of manufacturing tolerances, and there is practically no tendency for current to flow in the Differential Relay. When a BUS fault occurs, the Voltages of the CTs in all the source circuits add to cause current to flow through all the secondaries and the coil of the Differential Relay. The Differential Relay, necessarily requiring very little energy to operate, will provide high-speed Protection for a relatively small net voltage in the Differential Circuit.

SUMMATION CTs METHOD In practical application of the schemes, Summation Current Transformers (one per main set of CTs) are normally used. These summation CTs have a tapped primary to which the three phases of the Main CTs are connected, the secondary of the summation CTs providing single-phase output. The Advantages of summation CTs are. 1. Single Relay is used for all three phases. 2. A Definite bias is available for all types external faults. 3. Lead burden on Main CTs is less, provided these CTs are located Judiciously. 4. Secondary Cabling is reduced. 5. Aux switch requirement in Double BUSBAR arrangement is reduced. The Main Drawbacks are 1. The setting for Various types of faults is different, needing careful analysis. 2. Bias effect is less for Phase faults than for Earth faults.

NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION

In this two Models of BUSBAR Protections are offered.

1. Centralised Architecture. 2. Distributed Architecture.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The following are the advantages in this Numerical BUSBAR Protection LBB, EFP and other Protections are inbuilt feature. Ratio Matching Transformers are not required. They can be programmable. Isolator selection is required and these are to be wired to Bay unit as a binary input & selection relays are not required for zone segregation. One Unit is sufficient, for any no of Zones of BUSBAR Protection. In Distributed Architecture Communication between Bay Unit to Central Unit is Fiber Optic connection. Check Zone feature like Over-all Differential Protection & Over Current Starter Protection is in built function. Recently rate of fall of Voltage function also inbuilt function. Current comparison, CT supervision, CT open circuit & CT Saturation Detection is also inbuilt feature. Disturbance Recorder and Event Recorders are inbuilt feature. Distributed Architecture is more convenient, it can be accommodated in respective Bay C&R Panels and very easy for expansion.

7. 8. 9.

Traditionally Two Distinctive Architectures

(CENTRALISED & DECENTRALISED) DECENTRALISED)
Distributed Bus Protection Centralized Bus Protection

52

52

52

52 DAU

52

52

DAU

DAU

CU copper fiber copper

CU

Fits better new installations Perceived less reliable Slower

Fits better retrofit installations Perceived more reliable Potentially faster

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES

DETAILS

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED CONTINUOSLY. IT INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH ENOUGH STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS IS CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE. IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs & TURNS RATIO. LOW RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING. Class X for all CT Cores. MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300-500V. LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT (FEW MILLIAMPS).

PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE BUS BAR PROTECTION

IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE RESULTANT BIAS IS PROPOTIONAL TO ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS, WHEREAS THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF ALL CIRCUIT CURRENTS. IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS ALSO. FREE OF ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.

PRINCIPLE

CTs

BURDEN CT SATURATION UTILISATION OPERATING TIME STABILITY PERFORMAN CE ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs AUXILIARY CTs REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE HAVE NO EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME. SCHEME OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION. IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING SYSTEMS ( WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS). BUSBAR SYSTEMS. BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20 DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 mS AND INITIATES mS. TRIPPING WITH IN 5-7 mS. INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT. STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.

HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE FEATURE (NO COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A SEPARATE CHECKZONE FEATURE) i.e. OVER DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES. CURRENT STARTING RELAY PROVIDED.

CHECK ZONE FEATURE

Mal-operation of BUSBAR Protection can result in wide spread system failure. It is therefore considered judicious to monitor its operation by some form of check relay. In case of High Impedance Relay the setting calculations is quite high and some times low settings can be adopted. In this factor of safety is more. This may be possibility for maloperation from design point of view. The provision of a check feature is therefore purely a measure against mal-operation caused by external agencies.

CHECK ZONE FEATURE

The ideal check feature should posses the following characteristics: characteristics: 1. Check feature should be provided by a Relay which is physically different from the Main Relay. 2. It should pick-up for all types of faults that the Main Protection is capable of detecting. 3. The check feature should be at least as fast if not faster than Main Protection for given type of fault. 4. The source which feeds the Check Relay should be Physically Different from what feeds the Main Protection. 5. The Check feature should operate only for faults within the Main Zone/Zones of Protection and not for external faults. 6. A separate cores of CTs for Check Relay is added with the ratios same as for the Main Relay. 7. Check Relay can be connected irrespective of CT isolator selection in case of Double Bus, Triple Bus & Quad Bus for all circuits, this is called overall Check zone and in case Single Bus and 1-1/2 CB system same as Main Relay.

TRIPPING LOGIC
The TRIP command is only given when both a discriminating/Main Zone and Check-Zone system Operates.
To Zone-1 Trip Relays

+ve

Main zone-1 Relay output

Check zone Relay output

To Zone-2 Trip Relays

Main zone-2 Relay output

TRIPPING LOGIC
incase of Single Bus System and One and Half Breaker system the output of Main Relay and Check Relay is transferring to Main Tripping Relays & check Tripping Relays respectively. The outputs of these Tripping Relays are parallel for Tripping and series incase of interlocks.
87 BB1
+ve From DC Source-1

96 BB1
-ve From DC Source-1

Main zone Relay output

To Circuit Breaker Closing interlock Trip Coil R-Ph Trip Coil Y-Ph Trip Coil B-Ph

87 BB2
+ve From DC Source-2 -ve From DC Source-2

96 BB2
Check zone Relay output

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

SPECIAL COMMENTS

i) DC Supply for Bus Bar protection shall be independent from feeder. ii) Faults between CB & CT shall be cleared from one side by opening of CB on Bus Bar Protection Operation. iii) However clearing of Fault from other side shall be through Breaker Failure Protection. iv) 3ph trip relays shall be provided for each CB which shall also initiate LBB/BFR Protection. v) in case of existing SS where CTs are different ratios, biased type Differential Protection/ Numerical Bus Bar Protection is recommended. vi) Length of secondary leads should be kept as minimum as possible. vii)Where lead runs are excessive, an increase in wire size or use of parallel conductors are meant to reduce lead resistance.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

REQUIREMENTS
It shall be 3-ph type and operate selectively for each bus bar section. It shall operate on Differential Principle and provide independent zones of protection for each bus. iii. It shall provide zone indication. iv. It shall be stable for through fault conditions up to maximum 40KA fault level. v. For applications where BUS Differential Protection sensitivity has to be set below load current, as may be a case with use of concrete structures, it is recommended that a separate check zone is provided, other wise separate check zone is not essential. Check zone, if provided, shall be of High Impedance type. vi. It shall incorporate continuous supervision for CT secondary against any possible open circuits. In case of detection of open circuiting of CT secondary, after a time delay, the effected zone of protection shall be rendered inoperative and alarm initiated. vii. It shall be include DC supply supervision. viii. Include adequate number of high speed tripping relays. ix. whenever CT switching is involved the scheme shall include necessary CT switching relays and have provision for CT switching incomplete alarm. x. It shall be include IN/OUT switching facility for each zone. i. ii.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

SETTING CRITERIA C.T wire supervision relays should be set with a sensitivity such that they can detect C.T secondary open circuit even in case of least loaded feeder. BUSBAR Differential Protection should have overall sensitivity above heaviest loaded feeder current unless a separate check zone has been provided. In case where faults currents are expected to be low, the protection should be sensitive enough to take care of such expected low fault current. In case of voltage operated High Impedance type Protection, the voltage setting should be above expected voltage developed across the relay during maximum through fault current condition. In case of current operated relays for stability under through fault condition, external resistance is to be set such that voltage developed across relay and resistance combination is below the voltage required for forcing required relay operating current.

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

87BBM2
96 BBM2 : BUSBAR MAIN2 TRIPPING RELAY

52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL

- VE
A varistor is normally applied across the relay input terminals to limit the voltage to a value safely below the insulation voltage of the secondary circuits
96 BBM1 : BUSBAR MAIN1 TRIPPING RELAY

+ VE

87BBM1

RESTRAINT COIL

.
OVER CURRENT COIL

OPERATING COIL

Is

Id
52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL

+VE
OVER CURRENT STARTER RELAYS

LOW IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

96 BUS BAR TRIPPING RELAY

-VE

VOLTAGE-DIFFERENTIAL BUSBAR PROTECTION

VOLTAGE OPERATED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

Vd

SUMMATION CT METHOD

333

333

333

333

SUMMATION METHOD DIFFERENTIAL RELAY 87BB METHOD - 1 METHOD - 2

UUUUUU UUUUUU UUUUU UUUUU

UUUUUU UUUUUU UUUUU UUUUU

UUUUU UUUUU UUUU UUUU

UUUUU UUUU

UUUUU UUUU

U U U U

UU U

U U U U

UU U

UUUUU UUUUU UUUU UUUU

DOUBLE BUS- HIGH IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

BUS-2

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

ISOLATOR SELECTION

87 BBM-1

ISOLATOR SELECTION

ISOLATOR SELECTION

ISOLATOR SELECTION

87 BBM-2 BBM

87 BBC

U U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

DOUBLE BUS- LOW IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U

ISOLATOR SELECTION

ISOLATOR SELECTION

ISOLATOR SELECTION

ISOLATOR SELECTION

LOW IMPEDANCE RELAY HAVING INBUILT CHECK FEATURE

87 BBM-1

87 BBM-2 BBM

DOUBLE BUS- NUMERICAL CENTRALISED

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U

87 CENTRALISED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

CENTRALISED NUMERICAL BUSBAR HAVING NUMERICAL ALGORITHAM FOR ISOLATOR SELECTION, ZONE SELECTION, OVER ALL DIFFERENTAIL PROTECTION AS CHECK ZONE, OVER CURRENT STARTER AS CHECK ZONE, CT SUPERVISION, CT OPEN CIRCUIT & CT SATURATION ETC FEATURES ARE INBUILT.

DOUBLE BUS- NUMERICAL DISTRIBUTED

BUS-1

BUS-2

U U

U U

U U

U U

BAY UNIT LBB

FO

BAY UNIT LBB

FO

BAY UNIT LBB

FO

BAY UNIT LBB

FO

BAY UNIT LBB

FO

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

U U

DOUBLE BUS- DUPLICATE PROTECTION

BUS-1

BUS-2

U U

U U

U U

U U

BAY UNIT LBB

BAY UNIT LBB

BAY UNIT LBB

BAY UNIT LBB

BAY UNIT LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

U U

DOUBLE BUS- DUPLICATE PROTECTION

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB U U U

U U BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

U U BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB

BAY UNIT LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

U U

DOUBLE BUS- DUPLICATE PROTECTION

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
MAIN2 PROT MAIN1 PROT MAIN2 PROT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT

U U U

U U

U U

U U
MAIN1 PROT MAIN2 PROT MAIN1 PROT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT

MAIN2 PROT

MAIN1 PROT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- HIGH IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U

U U

U U

U U

U U U U
87BB CHECK
89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

U U
89A 89B

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

U U
89A 89B ISOLATOR SELECTION

89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

U U
89A 89B

87BB BUS1 87BB BUS2 87BB BUS3

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- LOW IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

U U

U U

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

89A 89B ISOLATOR SELECTION

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

87BB BUS1 87BB BUS2 87BB BUS3

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- NUMERIC(1)

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

U U

U U

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

89A 89B ISOLATOR SELECTION

89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- NUMERIC(2)

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C

U U

U U

89A 89B 89C

89A 89B

89A 89B 89C

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

89A 89B 89C

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

87 BB DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- NUMERIC(3)

BUS-1

BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C

U U

U U

89A 89B 89C

89A 89B

89A 89B 89C

87 BB NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUSBAR PROTECTION

89A 89B 89C

ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM HIGH IMPEDANCE

87BB187BB1-MAIN1 BB1 PROTECTION
BUS-1
13-52 10-52 16-52 19-52 19-CT 21-CT 21-52 1-52 52 4-52 52 7-52 52

87BB187BB1-MAIN2 BB1 PROTECTION

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

1-CT

4-CT

7-CT

U U

10-CT 13-CT

16-CT

17-52

U U

U U

U U

11-52

U U

14-52

U U

3-CT

6-CT

9-CT

U U

12-CT

15-CT

18-CT

BUS-2

87BB287BB2-MAIN1 BB2 PROTECTION

12-52

87BB287BB2-MAIN2 BB2 PROTECTION

15-52

18-52

3-52

6-52

9-52

U U U U

20-52

2-52

5-52

8-52

U U U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

3-52 3-CT CT 1-CT

BUS-2
2-52 1-52 52 6-52 6-CT CT 4-CT

BUS-1

ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM LOW IMPEDANCE

87 BB2
5-52 9-52 9-CT CT 8-52 7-CT 12-52 12-CT CT 11-52 10-CT 15-52 15-CT CT 14-52 13-CT

87 BB1

4-52 52

7-52 52

10-52

BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION BAR18-52 18-CT CT 21-52 21-CT CT

BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION BAR13-52 16-52 17-52 16-CT 19-52 20-52 19-CT

DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB (7 SS 52) SIEMENS (MICOM P740) AREVA

OR
BUS-1

OR

10 10-52

11-52

12-52

BUS-2

OR

OR

15-52

3-52

6-52

9-52

14-52

2-52

5-52

8-52

13 13-52

1 1-52

4 4-52

7 7-52

LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NUMERICAL DISTRIBUTED BUS BAR PROTECTION

ABB
ABB Network Partner AG

SIEMENS
c

AREVA

BUSBAR PROTECTION CENTRAL UNIT

ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG

7 8

C E

REL531

LINE PROTECTION
21 L1
ABB Network Partner AG REL531

C E

21 L2

21 L1

21 L2

21 L1

21 L2

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
1. 2. 3.

C E

DESCRIPTION

4.

87 T2 87 T1 87 T2 87 T1 87 T1 87 T2 IN THIS NO SEPARATE CORE IS REQUIRED FOR EITHER BUSBAR PROTECTION OR LBB / BFR. CENTRALISED BUSBAR IS CONNECTED FROM BAY UNIT OR LBB OR BFR THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC. BAY UNIT / BFR / LBB IS CONNECTED FROM MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 OF LINE PROTECTION OR MAIN & BACKUP PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC FOR REDUNDANCY TO BAY UNIT. THE CURRENT DATA IS TRANSFERED TO BAY UNIT TO BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT FROM LINE / TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS FOR NUMIRICAL ALGORITHAM OF LBB & BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT AND IT WILL OPERATE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND DOES NOT OPERATE FOR THROUGH / EXTERNAL FAULTS.

NUMERICAL BUSBAR SCHEME INCL LBB/BFR/CBF (DECENTRALISED & CENTRALISED ARCHITECTURE)

DECENTRALISED CONCEPT FO CENTRALISED CONCEPT

(REB 500) ABB

BU /PU

(REB 670) ABB (7 SS 52) SIEMENS

FO OR OR

(487B) SEL

BU / PU

(MICOM P743) AREVA

BU / PU FO

(MICOM P746) AREVA

BU / PU TO BUSBAR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LBB INBUILT FEATURE

LBB INBUILT FEATURE

NUMERICAL BUSBAR SCHEME INCL LBB/BFR/CBF (DECENTRALISED CONCEPT- DUPLICATE )

DECENTRALISED CONCEPT DECENTRALISED CONCEPT FO FO BU / PU BU / PU

(REB 500) ABB

(REB 500) ABB

OR
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS

FO

OR
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS

FO BU / PU

OR
(MICOM P743) AREVA

BU / PU

OR
(MICOM P743) AREVA
BU / PU

BU / PU FO FO BU / PU TO BUSBAR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LBB INBUILT FEATURE BU / PU TO BUSBAR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LBB INBUILT FEATURE

NUMERICAL BUSBAR SCHEME INCL LBB/BFR/CBF (CENTRALISED CONCEPT - DUPLICATE)

CENTRALISED CONCEPT CENTRALISED CONCEPT

(REB 670) ABB (REB 670) ABB

(487B) SEL

(487B) SEL

(MICOM P746) AREVA (MICOM P746) AREVA

LBB INBUILT FEATURE

LBB INBUILT FEATURE

PROTECTION OF RING BUS SYSTEM

FEEDER4 87 BB3 U U U U 87 BB1 FEEDER1 FEEDER2 U U U U 87 BB2 U U U U U U 87 BB4 U U FEEDER3

BUS BAR PROTECTION

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE. TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB

BUSBUS-1

DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END TO LBB/BFR INITIATION FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1 TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-2 TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE. TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB

BUSBUS-2

DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END TO LBB/BFR INITIATION FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1 TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-2 TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA ) INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)

87 BUSBAR PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

BAY1 CR PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY1 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY2 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY3 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY4 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB)FOR BAY5 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY6

BAY2 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY3 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

87 BUSBAR

TO START 50 LBB

BAY4 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY5 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY6 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

+VE

BUSBAR PANEL

FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

96 BB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

+VE PB RESET -VE

OPERATED TO D/T-1

FROM LBB

TO D/T-2 TO ANNUN TO CL I/L TO LBB TO SER TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO M1 DR TO M2 DR

96 BB MASTER TRIP RELAY

FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM, ONE & HALF CB SYSTEM, DOUBLE CB & DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM & RING MAIN BUS SYTEM

87 BUSBAR

96 BB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

+VE PB BUSBAR ISOLATOR RELAYS SELECTION
87 A 89 A

RESET

-VE

OPERATED
87 B 89 B

TO D/T-1 TO D/T-2

87 C

89 C

TO ANNUN TO CL I/L TO LBB

FROM LBB IF BUS-1 IS OPERATED THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS BAR-1WILL BE OPTD BASED ON THE ISOLATOR SELECTION. SIMILARLY FOR BUS-2 & BUS-3 & FOR ANY NO OF BUSES, EXCEPT 1.ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM, 2.DOUBLE CB SYSTEM & 3.RING BUS SYTEM.

TO SER TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO M1 DR TO M2 DR

96 BB MASTER TRIP RELAY

FOR SINLE BUS AND TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM FOR DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM FOR DOUBLE BUS & BYPASS ISO SYSTEM DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM TRIPPLE BUS SYTEM TRIPPLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM & QUAD BUS SYTEM (DOUBLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER)

87BB87BB-1 BUSBAR PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY4 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY4 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY7 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY10 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB)FOR BAY13 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY16

BAY7 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

87 BUSBAR

TO START 50 LBB

BAY10 CB PANEL

87 BB-1

TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY13 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY16 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

+VE

BUSBAR PANEL

FOR ONE & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

BAY1 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY1

87BB87BB-2 BUSBAR PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY6 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY6 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY9 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY12 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB)FOR BAY15 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY18

BAY9 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

87 BUSBAR

TO START 50 LBB

BAY12 CB PANEL

87 BB-2

TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY15 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

BAY18 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB

+VE

BUSBAR PANEL

FOR ONE & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

BAY3 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY3

UTILISATION RECOMMENDATIONS

BUSBAR protection must be provided in all new 400kV and 220kV Substations as well as Generating Station Switchyards. For existing Substations, provision of BUSBAR Protection is must & considered at 400kV level and at 220kV level. In case of radially fed 220kV Substations, having more than one bus it is desirable to have BUSBAR Protection, but it is an Option. Redundant / Duplicate Busbar Protection to be provided For Substations of High strategic importance i.e. 765KV or 400KV Systems. Dedicated Protections invariably employ separate DC circuits and CT cores. They send trip impulses to separate trip coils and use separate isolator position auxiliary contacts. Cross tripping of both trip coils is also done.

DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE
(CONNECTION DIAGARAM)
BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

PERIPHERAL UNITS

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

C E

C E

CENTRAL UNITS

ABB Network Partner AG

C E

ABB Network Partner AG

REL 316*4

ABB Network Partner AG

REL 316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

C E

C E

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

PERIPHERAL UNITS

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

BAY UNIT

TOSHIBA Bay unit is accepting 2Bays in one. So One Bay unit is for one Dia or 2 Adjacent Bays

STAR CONNECTION TOPOLOGY

CENTRAL UNITS

DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE
(CONNECTION DIAGARAM)
Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx

Tx Rx Tx Rx

Tx Rx Tx Rx

Tx Rx Tx Rx

Tx Rx Tx Rx

REDUNDANT RING TOPOLOGY

FUNCTIONS OF DISTRIBUTED BUSBAR

BAY UNIT FUNCTIONS & PROTECTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Breaker Failure Protection (LBB) End Fault Protection (EFP) Over Current Protection (OC) Pole Discrepancy Protection (PD) Under Voltage Protection (U) Disturbance Recorder (DR) Event Recorder (ER) Fault Recorder (FR) Alarms Programmable LEDs Human Machine Interface (HMI) Measurements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. CENTRAL UNIT FUNCTIONS & PROTECTIONS Breaker Failure Protection (LBB) Neutral Current Detection (Io) Disturbance Recorder (DR) Event Recorder (ER) Fault Recorder (FR) Alarms Programmable LEDs Communication to BU (Owner Based Protocol) Communication to SAS (IEC 61850 Protocol) Check Zone Busbar Remote HMI Measurements Test Generator

13. Communication to CU (Owner Based Protocol)

BENEFITS OF DISTRIBUTED BUSBAR

1. Improved Functionality Optional Functions. 2. Less Space Required Aux relays not required for Isolator selection. 3. We can save the 96 Relay This can be possible to configure in Bay Unit. 4. Easily Expandable. 5. Reduced Copper Wiring Saving of cable 60%. 6. Software CT matching. 7. Reduced no of Spare parts Aux CTs and CT switching Relays. 8. Easy changeable parameters at site. 9. Continuous self Supervision. 10. Less Cost for Maintenance. 11. On Line Alarms. 12. On Line Event Lists. 13. Ethernet Connection (TCP/IP). 14. Connection to SAS/SCS. 15. Disturbance Recorder Transfer. 16. Data Archiving (Disturbance / Events). 17. Access to Remote Disturbance data. 18. Disturbance Analysis. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Synchronous System events. Remote Support. Signal Simulation. Upgrading functionality. Measurement in BU & CU.

TYPES OF BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAYS

DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE
MAKE MODEL BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

CENTRALISED ARCHITECTURE
MAKE MODEL CENTRAL UNIT

CENTRAL UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG

ABB

REB 500 MICOM P 741/3

ABB
C E

C E

REB 670

AREVA

MICOM AREVA P 746

GE

SIPROTEC SIEMENS 7 SS 52
ANDRITZ

UR B 90 SEL 487 B

DRS BB GRB 100

SEL

HITACHI

ERL B-PRO PHASE 4000

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 400KV

In Case of Centralised Architecture BUSBAR Protection, Stand alone LBB is preferable. In Case of Distributed Architecture BUSBAR Protection, LBB is configured in Bay Unit, BUSBAR Protection is configured in Central Unit and tripping Logic is to be duplicated i.e. one tripping Logic Through FO and another through Hardwiring. In case of Redundant or Duplicate BUSBAR Protection Distributed Architecture need not require redundant/ Duplicate trip logic. The Tripping Logic from CU to BU is FO and BU to Master trip Relay & Trip Coil.

MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED IN DISTRIBUTED BUSBAR

The Connection between BU & CU Redundant communication. Bay Unit can communicate to Dual/ Twin CUs in Star Topology. The Connection between BU & CU Redundant and one is Star Topology communication and another is Redundant Ring Topology Communication. Always Preferable Fail Safe Mode. When ever FO Communication Problem, CU is giving Alarm and BB is blocked (out of service). This can be modified. The value before failure has to be taken and BB is to be in service. Now a days all Relays are 61850 Communication, when failure, the Analog data from Main Relays and Digital Data from BCU and tripping can be extend through BCU / Main Relays.