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Muna Sabri, PHD Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

The document discusses cellular membranes and types of cellular transport. It describes how cellular membranes create compartments within cells, separate intracellular and extracellular environments, and allow selective transport of molecules. The main types of cellular transport are passive processes like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, as well as active processes such as active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Simple diffusion is the net movement of molecules from high to low concentration through the membrane, while osmosis is the movement of water molecules to equalize solute concentrations. Facilitated diffusion increases the rate of transport compared to simple diffusion through membrane carriers. Active transport moves substances against concentration gradients using energy from ATP.

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71 views

Muna Sabri, PHD Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

The document discusses cellular membranes and types of cellular transport. It describes how cellular membranes create compartments within cells, separate intracellular and extracellular environments, and allow selective transport of molecules. The main types of cellular transport are passive processes like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, as well as active processes such as active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Simple diffusion is the net movement of molecules from high to low concentration through the membrane, while osmosis is the movement of water molecules to equalize solute concentrations. Facilitated diffusion increases the rate of transport compared to simple diffusion through membrane carriers. Active transport moves substances against concentration gradients using energy from ATP.

Uploaded by

Azry Mustapa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MUNA SABRI, PhD FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

CELLULAR MEMBRANE
Create compartmentalization within cells Separate between two media/ environments Interrelated membranes endomembrane system

(not include chloroplast and mitochondria) Semi permeable/ selectively permeable due to presence of lipid bilayer and proteins Allow hydrophobic molecules Prevent hydrophilic/ polar molecules/ charged molecules

TYPES OF CELLULAR TRANSPORT


Physical processes (passive)
Simple diffusion
Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

Physiological processes Active transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Net movement of solute molecules from a region of

high concentration to lower concentration through a membrane


i.e. gases (CO2, O2) and lipid-soluble molecules

Diffusion resulted from random movement of

molecules Any process that increase the rate of random movement will increase the rate of diffusion Rate of diffusion is higher :
In gaseous High temperature

Involve small size molecules


Steep concentration gradient

Diffusion is effective when: Short distance Large surface area

OSMOSIS
Movement of water molecules from a region of low

solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration in order to establish concentration equilibrium
E.g. Red blood cells in solutions: Normal plasma (0.15 M NaCl) isotonic Water hypotonic; water molecules move by osmosis into red blood cells causing swell/ hemolysis 0.15 M sucrose Hypertonic solution; crenation of rbc

FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Compounds such as sugars and amino acids pass through plasma membrane into cell at a faster rate than expected from their size, charge or magnitude of concentration gradients. Increase in transport rate facilitated by specific membrane carrier. Transport rate increases with increasing concentration, until it reaches saturation specificity, follows concentration gradients

Active transport
Movement of substances in and out of cells against concentration gradients require energy characterized and affected by presence of mitochondria high ATP concentration high respiratory rate involved transport of polar substances that are larger than 1 nm

Involved special molecules located on cell membrane called pumps (integral protein)

Pumps are specific


Different molecules transported at different rate E.g. Sodium-potassium pump

Endocytosis Pinocytosis intake of dissolved material or droplets of fluid which pinched off into cytosol as tiny vesicle
Receptor-mediated endocytosis receptor protein

selectively bind molecules in extracellular fluid which then travel to clathrin-coated pits and invaginate.
Phagocytosis extension of plasma membrane called

pseudopodia encircle an extracellular particle. The ends of pseudopodia fused, containing the engulfed particle

Exocytosis- reverse endocytosis, particles are transported

out from the cell (Golgi)

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