Establish to set up, to make or to open The company has established a branch in Australia; the business was established

in 1923 to establish oneself in business: to become succesful in a new business (b) to establish use: use of land for a certain purpose which is recognised by a local authority because the land has been used for this purpose for some time. to decide what is correct, what is fact: the police are trying to establish his movements on the night of the murder; it it is an established fact that the car could not have been because it was established fact that the car could not have been used because it was out of petrol. Establishment: (n) (a) commercial business he runs an important printing establishment (b) (in the EU) right of establishment = right of an EC citizen to live and work in any EC country number of people working in a company; establishment charges = cost of people and property, in a company's accounts; establishment officer = civil servant in charge of personnel in a government department; to be on the establishment = to be a full-time employee; office with an establishment of fifteen = office with a permanent staff of fifteen The Establishment = powerful and important pople who run the country and its government. Estate (noun) (a) interest in or right to hold and occupy land (b) real estate = property (land or buildings); estate agency = office which arranges for the sale of property; estate agent = person in charge of an estate agency (c) industrial estate or trading estate = area of land near a town specially for factories and warehouses (d) property left by a dead person; his estate was valued at $100000; estate duty US estate tax = tax on property left by a person now dead. Estoppel (noun) rule of evidence whereby someone is prevented from denying or accepting a fact in legal proceedings; estoppel of or by record = rule that a person cannot reopen a matter which has already been decided by a court; estoppel by deed = rule that a person cannot deny having done something which is recorded in a deed; estoppel by conduct or in pais = rule that no one can deny things which he has done or failed to do which have had an effect on other person's actions if that person has acted in a way which relied on the others's behaviour; see also PROMISSORY et al or et alia Latin phrase meaning and others or and other things ethnic noun referring to a certain nation or race; ethnic group = people of a certain nation or race; ethnic minority = group of people of one race in a country where most people are of another race. Etiquette noun rules governing the way people should behave, such as the way in which a solicitor or barrister behaves towards clients in court. Eurocrat noun (informal) bureaucrat working in the European Community or European Parliament evaluate (verb) to calculate a value: evaluate costs

fee simple = freehold ownership of land with no restriction to it; to hold an estate in fee simple; fee tail = interest in land which is passed on to the owner's direct descendants, and which cannot be passed to anyone else; see also ENTAIL. Fence person who receives and sells stolen goods fiat noun (a) agreement (as of the Attorney General) to bring a prosecution (b) fiat money = coins and notes which are not worth much as paper or metal, but are said to by the government to have a value. Fiat justitia Latin Phrase meaning 'let justice be done' fiction (noun) fiction of law or legal fiction = assuming something to be true, even if it is not proved to do so (a procedural device by courts to get round problems solved by statute) ficticious assets (noun) assets which do not really exist, but are entered as assets to balance the accounts. File (noun) (a) cardboard holder for documents, which can fit in the drawer of a cabinet. Put these letters in the unsolved cases file; look in the file marked Scotish police forces; box file = documents kept for reference, either on paper or as data on a computer, like staff salaries, address list, customer accounts; the police keep a file of missing vehicles; look up her description in the missing person's files; to place something on file = to keep a record of something to keep someone's name on file = to keep someone's name on a list or reference; file copy = copy of a document which is kept for reference in an office; card file = information kept on filing cards; computer file = section of information on a computer (such as a list of addresses or of unsolved cases); (a) to file documents = to put documents in order so that they can be found easily; the correspondence is filed under 'complaints' (b) to make an official request; to file a petition in bankruptcy = to ask officially to be made bankrupt. To ask officially for someone else to be made bankrupt. (c) to send a document to court' when a defendant is served with particulars of claim he can file a defense = the defense must be sent to court and to the other party within seven days (d) to register something officially; to file an application for a patent to file a return to the tax office. Shareholding: group of shares in a company owned by one person; a majority shareholding or a minority shareholding = group of shares which are more or less than half the total share: A shares: ordinaly shares with limited voting rights deferred shares: shares which receive a dividend only after all other dividends have been paid. B shares : ordinary shares with special voting rights ordinary shares: normal shares in a company, which have no special benefits or restrictions; preference shares: shares (often with no voting rights) which receive their dividend before all other shares and are repaid first (at face value) if the company is liquidated; share capital: value of the assets of a company held as shares; shares certificate = document proving that someone owns shares; share issue: selling new shares in a company to the public. Shareholder (n) person who owns shares in a company; shareholder's equity = ordinary shares owned by shareholders in a company; the solicitor acting on behalf of the minority shareholders

sharp practice = way of doing business which is not honest, but not illegal shipper = a person who sends goods or who organizes the sending of goods for other customers. Shipping (n) sending of goods shipping agent = company which specializes in the sending of goods; shipping company or shipping line = company which owns ships; shipping instructions = details of how goods are to be shipped and delivered; shipping note note which gives details of goods being shipped. Sign (n) (a) advertising board; notice which advertises something (b) verb to write your name in a special personal way on a document to show that you have written or approved it signatory (n) person who signs a contact, etc you have to get the permission of all the signatories to the agreement if you want to change the terms sine die latin phrase meaning 'with no day' the hearing was adjourned sine die = the hearing was put off to a later day without saying when it would start again. Single transferable vote: (n) electoral system where all the candidates are listed and the elector gives them numbers according to his or her preference. COMMENT: the total votes are counted to show how many votes a candidate needs to be elected (the electoral quota). Candidates with more than the electoral quota of first preference votes are automatically elected, and their second preference are passed to other candidates, and so on until the full number of candidates have the required quota and so are elected. Sit (verb) (a) to meet; no one can enter the Council Chamber when the committee is sitting; the court sat from eleven to five o'clock (b) to be an MP, she sat for a London constituency for ten years; the sitting MP was re-elected with a comfortable majority (c) to sit on the bench: to be a Magistrate sitting (n) (a) a meeting of Parliament, of a court or of a tribunal (b) sittings = periods when courts sit COMMENT: a Parliamentary sitting usually starts at 2.30 p.m. (11 a.m. On Fridays) and lasts until about midnight. All-night sittings happen occasionally, usually when Parliament is discussing very important or controversial matters. There are 4 sittings in the legal year: Michelmas, Hilary, Easter and Trinity. Slander: untrue spoken statement which damages someone's character; action for slander case in a law court where someone says that another person had slandered him. Slanderous: (adj) which could be slander; he made sladerous statements about the Prime Minister on television. Slate (n) list of candidates for a position: The Democratic slate in the State elections. (la boleta)

Slip (n) small piece of paper, especially a note of the details of a marine insurance policy; compliments slip = piece of paper with the name of the company printed on it, send with documents, gifts, etc, instead of a letter. (b) mistake: he made a couple of slips in calculating the discount;slip rule: name for one of the Rules of the Supreme Court allowing minor errors to be corrected on pleadings small (adj) small ads: short private advertisements in a newspaper (selling small items, asking for jobs, etc) small claims : claims for less than 5000; small claims court: a court which deals with disputes over small amounts of money. Smuggling (n) offence of taking goods illegally into or out of a country without paying taxes soft (adj) soft currency (noun) currency of a country with a weak economy, which is cheap to buy and difficult to exchange for other currencies EL PESO! soft loan: loan (from a company or a government) with no interest payable. Solicitor: in England and Wales: lawyer who has passed the examinations of the Law Society and has a valid certificate to practise and who gives advice to members of the public and acts for them in legal matters, and who may have the right of audience in certain courts to instruct a solicitor: to give orders to your solicitor to act on your behalf. Duty solicitor: local solicitor who is on duty at any time by a party who is appearing in that court or who has been taken to a police station under arrest for questioning. The official solicitor: solicitor who acts in the High Court for parties who have no one to act for them, usually because they are under a legal disability special adj different, not normal; referring to one particular thing; he offered us special terms; the car is being offered at a special price ; special agent = (1) person who represents someone in a particular matter (2) person who does secret work for the government; Special Branch = department of the British police which deals with terrorism; special constable = part-time policeman who works mainly at weekends or on important occasions; special damages = damages awarded by a court to compensate for a quantifiable loss (such as the expense of repairing something); special deposits = large sums of money which the banks have to deposit with the Bank of England; special procedure = special system for dealing quickly with undefended divorce cases whereby the parties can obtain a divorce without the necessesity of a full trial. Special sessions = Magistrates' courts hels for a particular reason (such as to deal with terrorism) Queen's speech: speech made by the Queen at the opening of a session of Parliament which outlines the government's plans for legislation. Debate on the Queen's speech: first debate of a new session of Parliament, the motion being to present an address of thanks to the Queen, but the debate in fact being concerned with the Government's legislative programme as outlines in the speech.

Spent conviction: (n): previous conviction for which an accused person has been sentenced in the past and which must not be referred to in open court. Spokesman: man who speaks in public on behalf of a group. Sponsor: 1 noun: (a) person or group (such as a trades union) which sponsors an MP (b) MO wo proposes a Bill in the House of Commons 2- verb (a) to sponsor an MP = to pay part of the election expenses of an MP, and contribute to his local party's funds (for which the MP is expected to represent the sponsor's interests in Parliament) spouse (n) husband or wife; person who is married to another person. Surviving spouse: living husband or wife of a person who has died (normally the beneficiary of the estate, even if the dead person died intestate; if there are living children, then the spouse takes the personal chattels, a statutory sum as legacy and interest in half of the remaining estate) stand (n) (a) active campaign against something: the government's stand against racial prejudice witness stand: witness box, place in a courtroom where the witnesses give evidence stare decisis (stare disaisis) Latin phrase meaning 'stand by preceeding decisions'. Principle that courts must abide by precendents set by judgements made in higher courts. Bond (noun) (a) contract document promising to repay money borrowed by a company or by the government