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2012s CHE314 L10 HeatGeneration

1) The document discusses heat generation problems in steady state systems with constant thermal conductivity. A general equation is derived for the temperature distribution that includes an internal heat generation term. 2) Boundary conditions are applied to solve for specific cases, such as a solid cylinder or sphere with uniform heat generation. The solutions take the form of the temperature varying linearly with position. 3) For a solid sphere, the temperature at the surface is related to the heat generation rate and surface heat transfer coefficient through an equation that can be derived from the temperature distribution or by performing an energy balance.

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36 views4 pages

2012s CHE314 L10 HeatGeneration

1) The document discusses heat generation problems in steady state systems with constant thermal conductivity. A general equation is derived for the temperature distribution that includes an internal heat generation term. 2) Boundary conditions are applied to solve for specific cases, such as a solid cylinder or sphere with uniform heat generation. The solutions take the form of the temperature varying linearly with position. 3) For a solid sphere, the temperature at the surface is related to the heat generation rate and surface heat transfer coefficient through an equation that can be derived from the temperature distribution or by performing an energy balance.

Uploaded by

Ryan Li
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHE 314 Heat Generation J.P.

Mmbaga
1
General Equation

x y z p
T T T T
k k k q C
x x x y z z t

| | c c c c c c c | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
c c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .

So far we have considered cases where the internal heat generation per unit volume ( q)
was was zero.

We now consider cases where the heat generation is non-zero. This is very common type
of problem in problems such as:
1) joule/resistance heating
2) exothermic/endothermic chemical reactions
3) Nuclear reactions, etc.


Consider steady state (1D), constant k with uniform energy generation
0
2
2
= +
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
k
q
x
T


solving the integral by integrating it twice we obtain the following general equation

( )
2 1
2
2
C x C
x
k
q
x T + + =

GENERAL Solution

Boundary conditions
At x =-L T=Ts1
2 1
2
1
2
C L C
L
k
q
T
s
+ =

and similarly

2 1
2
2
2
C L C
L
k
q
T
s
+ + =



Adding the two equations together results in:

2
2
2 1
2 C L
k
q
T T
s s
+ = +

therefore

2 2
2
2 1
2
L
k
q T T
C
s s
+
+
=

and
L
T T
C
s s
2
1 2
1

=

( )
2 2
1
2
2 1 1 2
2
2 2
s s s s
T T
L
x T T
L
x
k
L q
x T
+
+

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

CHE 314 Heat Generation J.P. Mmbaga
2
If the surface temperature on both faces is identical then we have the following equation:

( )
s
T
L
x
k
L q
x T +
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
2 2
1
2



At x = L or L then T(x) = Ts

The resulting distribution looks like this











The important part about this distribution is that at x = 0 the slope is 0

( ) 0
2
0
1
2
2
2
2 2
= +

c
c
= +
|
|
.
|

\
|

c
c
=
c
c
s s
T
k
L q
x
T
L k
L q
x
x T
x



In other words the flux

0
0
"
= |
.
|

\
|
=
= x
dx
dT
k q


Infinite Solid Cylinder with heat generation:

t
T
C q
r
T
r k
r r c
c
= + |
.
|

\
|
c
c

c
c

1


0
1
= + |
.
|

\
|
c
c

c
c
k
q
r
T
r
r r



The general solution (integrating twice)

( )
2 1
2
ln
4
C r C r
k
q
r T + +

=



Assume Fixed surface temperature and solid cylinder
CHE 314 Heat Generation J.P. Mmbaga
3
Simple Case

0
0
=
c
c
= r
r
T


( )
r
C
r
k
q
C r C r
k
q
dr
d
r T
dr
d 1
2
ln
4
2 1
2
+

= |
.
|

\
|
+ +

=

=0 therefore C1 =0

Ts r T = ) (
0
therefore
k
r q
T C
o
s

+ =
4
2
2



Therefore the solution is

( )
s
o
o
T
r
r
k
r q
r T +
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
2 2
1
4



The boundary conditions can be expressed in terms of T



( )

=
= |
.
|

\
|
T T h
dr
dT
k
s
r r
o


The general derivative is

( ) r
k
q
T
r
r
k
r q
dr
r T
dr
s
o
o

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

c
=
c
2
1
4
2
2 2



Evaluating r = r
o


o
r
k
q
dr
dT

=
2


Therefore

( )

T T h r
k
q
k
s o
2


o s
r
h
q
T T

+ =

2



The flux at any point can be found

r
q
r
k
q
k
dx
dT
k q =

= |
.
|

\
|
=
2 2
"



Alternately an energy balance can be conducted
CHE 314 Heat Generation J.P. Mmbaga
4
The solid sphere

t
T
C q
T
k
r
T
k
r r
T
r k
r r c
c
= + |
.
|

\
|
c
c

c
c

+
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c

c
c

+ |
.
|

\
|
c
c

c
c

u
u
u u | | |
sin
sin
1
sin
1 1
2 2 2 2
2
2


Steady state, 1D (i.e. in radial direction only) and constant k
0
1
2
2
= +
|
.
|

\
|
c
c

c
c

k
q
r
T
r
r r



Intergrating results in
( )
2 1
2
ln
4
C r C r
k
q
r T + +

=



Solving for the following boundary conditions

0
0
=
c
c
= r
r
T
and Ts r T = ) (
0


Results in

( )
s
o
o
T
r
r
k
r q
r T +
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
2 2
1
6



The general derivative is

( ) r
k
q
T
r
r
k
r q
dr
r T
dr
s
o
o

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

c
=
c
3
1
6
2
2 2



For a convective boundary

( )

=
= |
.
|

\
|
T T h
dr
dT
k
s
r r
o


o s
r
h
q
T T

+ =

3



An energy balance of generation = convective heat loss will give the same result.

A summary of these results may be found in Appendix C of Incropera/Bergman

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