Chapter 7: Extending Switched Networks With Virtual Lans
Chapter 7: Extending Switched Networks With Virtual Lans
Extending Switched
Networks with Virtual
LANs
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 71
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you will
be able to perform the following tasks:
• Configure a VLAN
• Configure VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
• Configure a switch for trunking
• Verify VLAN connectivity
• Verify spanningtree operations
• Segmentation
3rd floor
• Flexibility
2nd floor
• Security
1st floor
SALES HR ENG
A VLAN = A broadcast domain = Logical network (subnet)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—73
VLAN Operations
Switch A
• Each logical VLAN is like a separate physical bridge
Switch A Switch B
• Each logical VLAN is like a separate physical bridge
• VLANs can span across multiple switches
Switch A Switch B
Trunk
Fast Ethernet
• Each logical VLAN is like a separate physical bridge
• VLANs can span across multiple switches
• Trunks carries traffic for multiple VLANs
Static VLAN Dynamic VLAN
Trunk
Port e0/4 Port e0/9
VLAN5 VLAN10
VMPS
1111.1111.1111 = vlan 10
MAC = 1111.1111.1111
VLAN Tag
stripped by
forwarding port
ISL Header CRC
Encapsulated Ethernet frame
26 bytes 4 bytes
VLAN BPDU
• Frames encapsulated with ISL header and CRC
• Support for many VLANs (1024)
• VLAN field
• BPDU bit
VTP Domain “ICND”
3.Sync to the latest vlan information
2
1.“new vlan added”
• Create vlans
• Modify vlans
• Delete vlans
• Sends/forwards
Server advertisements
• Synchronize
• Saved in NVRAM
• Sends/forwards
advertisements • Create vlans
• Synchronize • Modify vlans
Client Transparent • Delete vlans
• Not saved in
NVRAM • Forwards
advertisements
• Does not
synchronize
• Saved in NVRAM
• VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames
• VTP servers and clients synchronized to latest revision number
• VTP advertisement are sent every five minutes or when there is a change
• VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames
• VTP servers and clients synchronized to latest revision number
• VTP advertisement are sent every five minutes or when there is a change
1.Add new VLAN
2.Rev 3 > Rev 4
Server
3 3
4.Rev 3 > Rev 4 4.Rev 3 > Rev 4
5.Sync new vlan info 5.Sync new vlan info
Client Client
Port 2 B
Switch 4
Flooded
traffic is
pruned
Switch 2
Red
Switch 5 VLAN
Port 1 A
• Maximum number of VLANs is switchdependent
• Catalyst 1900 supports 64 VLANs with a separate
spanning tree per VLAN
• VLAN1 is One of the factory default VLANs
• CDP and VTP advertisements are sent on VLAN1
• Catalyst 1900 IP address is in the VLAN1 broadcast
domain
• Must be in VTP server or transparent mode to create,
add, or delete VLANs
• Enable VTP (optional)
• Enable trunking
• Create VLANs
• Assign VLAN to ports
• VTP domain name
• VTP mode (server/client/transparent)—VTP server
mode is the default
• VTP pruning
• VTP password
• VTP trap
Use caution when adding a new switch into an existing domain. A
new switch should be added in client mode to prevent the new switch
from propagating incorrect VLANs information
Use the delete vtp command to reset the VTP revision number
wg_sw_a(config)#
vtp [server | transparent] [domain domainname] [trap {enable | disable}]
[password password] [pruning {enable | disable}
wg_sw_a(config)#
vtp [server | transparent] [domain domainname] [trap {enable | disable}]
[password password] [pruning {enable | disable}
wg_sw_a#conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z
wg_sw_a(config)#vtp transparent
wg_sw_a(config)#vtp domain switchlab
wg_sw_a#show vtp
wg_sw_a#show vtp
wg_sw_a#show vtp
VTP version: 1
Configuration revision: 4
Maximum VLANs supported locally: 1005
Number of existing VLANs: 6
VTP domain name : switchlab
VTP password :
VTP operating mode : Transparent
VTP pruning mode : Enabled
VTP traps generation : Enabled
Configuration last modified by: 10.1.1.40 at 00000000 00:00:00
trunk [on | off | desirable | auto | nonegotiate]
• On = Set trunk on and negotiate with other side
• Off = Set trunk off and negotiate with other side
• Desirable = Negotiate with other side.
Trunk on if other side is on, desirable, or auto
• Auto = Will be a trunk only if the other side is on or desirable
• Nonnegotiate = Set trunk on and will not negotiate
trunk [on | off | desirable | auto | nonegotiate]
• On = Set trunk on and negotiate with other side
• Off = Set trunk off and negotiate with other side
• Desirable = Negotiate with other side.
Trunk on if other side is on, desirable, or auto
• Auto = Will be a trunk only if the other side is on or desirable
• Nonnegotiate = Set trunk on and will not negotiate
wg_sw_a#conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z
wg_sw_a(config)#interface f0/26
wg_sw_a(configif)#trunk on
First trunk port(Port A)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—723
Verifying a Trunk
wg_sw_a#show trunk [A | B]
wg_sw_a#show trunk [A | B]
wg_sw_a#show trunk a
DISL state: On, Trunking: On, Encapsulation type: ISL
wg_sw_a(config)#
vlan vlan# [name vlanname]
wg_sw_a(config)#
vlan vlan# [name vlanname]
wg_sw_a#conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z
wg_sw_a(config)#vlan 9 name switchlab2
wg_sw_a#show vlan [vlan#]
wg_sw_a#show vlan [vlan#]
wg_sw_a#sh vlan 9
VLAN Name Status Ports
9 switchlab2 Enabled
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp Trans1 Trans2
9 Ethernet 100009 1500 0 1 1 Unkn 0 0
wg_sw_a(config)#
vlan vlan# name vlanname
wg_sw_a#conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z
wg_sw_a(config)#vlan 9 name switchlab90
wg_sw_a#show vlan 9
VLAN Name Status Ports
9 switchlab90 Enabled
vlanmembership {static {vlan#} | dynamic}
vlanmembership {static {vlan#} | dynamic}
wg_sw_a#conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z
wg_sw_a(config)#interface ethernet 0/8
wg_sw_a(configif)#vlanmembership static 9
wg_sw_a#show vlanmembership
wg_sw_a#show vlanmembership
wg_sw_a#show vlanmembership
Port VLAN Membership Type Port VLAN Membership Type
1 5 Static 13 1 Static
2 1 Static 14 1 Static
3 1 Static 15 1 Static
4 1 Static 16 1 Static
5 1 Static 17 1 Static
6 1 Static 18 1 Static
7 1 Static 19 1 Static
8 9 Static 20 1 Static
Note: port 1=e0/1, port 2=e0/2 .....
wg_sw_a#show spantree {vlan number}
wg_sw_a#show spantree {vlan number}
wg_sw_a#show spantree 1
VLAN1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol
Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0050.F037.DA00
Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15
Current root has priority 0, address 00D0.588F.B600
Root port is FastEthernet 0/26, cost of root path is 10
Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set
Topology changes 53, last topology change occured 0d00h17m14s ago
Times: hold 1, topology change 8960
hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15
Timers: hello 2, topology change 35, notification 2
Port Ethernet 0/1 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 0, address 00D0.588F.B600
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0050.F037.DA00
Designated port is Ethernet 0/1, path cost 10
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—736
Visual Objective
wg_sw_l wg_ro_l
...
ISL ISL 10.1.1.120 10.1.1.121
fa0/1 fa0/12
fa0/24
core_ server ISL
10.x.x.1 core_sw_a
10.1.1.2
wg_pc_a
SUBNET VLAN POD VLAN2 10.2.2.12
10.1.1.0 1 wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b
10.2.2.0 2 wg_pc_a, core_server
fa0/26 fa0/27
10.3.3.0 3 wg_pc_b, core_server e0/1
(port A) (port B)
10.4.4.0 4 wg_pc_c, core_server
10.5.5.0 5 wg_pc_d, core_server wg_sw_a
10.6.6.0 6 wg_pc_e, core_server 10.1.1.10
10.7.7.0 7 wg_pc_f, core_server
10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server wg_pc_l
10.9.9.0 9 wg_pc_h, core_server VLAN13 10.13.13.12
10.10.10.0 10 wg_pc_i, core_server
10.11.11.0 11 wg_pc_j, core_server fa0/26 fa0/27
10.12.12.0 12 wg_pc_k, core_server (port A) e0/1 (port B)
10.13.13.0 13 wg_pc_l, core_server
wg_sw_l
...
10.1.1.120
ISL
... ISL
fa0/12
ISL
fa0/12
ISL
fa0/1 fa0/1
fa0/24 fa0/13 fa0/13
ISL
core_ server fa0/14 ISL fa0/14
core_sw_a core_sw_b
10.x.x.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.4
After completing this chapter, you should
be able to perform the following tasks:
• Configuring VLAN
• Configuring VTP
• Configuring a trunk
• Verifing Spanning Tree Operations
1. What are the three VTP modes?
2. Over what type of port can VTP
advertisements be sent?
3. VLAN ID is carried in the ________
header.
4. How do we assign a VLAN to a port?