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Unit # 2 Theory of Quadratic Equation Exercise 2.1

This document contains solutions to exercises on quadratic equations. It finds the discriminant and describes the nature of roots for different quadratic equations. It also finds the value of k if the roots are equal, and shows that the roots of certain equations are rational. The key steps are: 1) It calculates the discriminant (Disc) to determine if roots are real/rational/equal or not. 2) It uses the quadratic formula to verify the nature of roots. 3) It sets the discriminant equal to 0 and solves for k when roots are given to be equal. 4) It shows that the discriminant can be written as a perfect square, proving the roots are rational.

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Asghar Ali
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3K views

Unit # 2 Theory of Quadratic Equation Exercise 2.1

This document contains solutions to exercises on quadratic equations. It finds the discriminant and describes the nature of roots for different quadratic equations. It also finds the value of k if the roots are equal, and shows that the roots of certain equations are rational. The key steps are: 1) It calculates the discriminant (Disc) to determine if roots are real/rational/equal or not. 2) It uses the quadratic formula to verify the nature of roots. 3) It sets the discriminant equal to 0 and solves for k when roots are given to be equal. 4) It shows that the discriminant can be written as a perfect square, proving the roots are rational.

Uploaded by

Asghar Ali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit # 2 Theory of Quadratic Equation

Question 1

Exercise 2.1

Find the discriminant of the following given quadratic equation. (iii) Solution 9x2 30x + 25 = 0 Here, a = 9, b = -30, c = 25 Disc = b2 4ac Disc = ( -30)2 4 ( 9) ( 25) Disc = 900 900 Disc = 0 (iv) Solution 4x2 7x -2 = 0 Here, a = 4 , b = -7 , c = -2 Disc = b2 4ac Disc = ( -7)2 4 (4) (-2) Disc = 49 + 32 Disc = 81 4x2 7x -2 = 0 9x2 30x + 25 = 0

Question # 2 Find the nature of the Roots of the following given quadratic equations and verify the result by solving the equation.

Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali

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(v) Solution

16x2 24x + 9 = 0

16x2 24x + 9 = 0 Here, a = 16, b = -24 , c = 9 Disc = b2 4ac Disc = ( -24)2 4 (16) (9) Disc = 576 - 576 Disc = 0 The Roots are real , rational and equal Verification By quadratic formula x = x= x= x= x= x= x= So , the Roots are real rational and equal

(vi) Solution

3x2 + 7x - 13 = 0

Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali

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3x2 + 7x - 13 = 0 Here, a = 3, b = 7 , c = -13 Disc = b2 4ac Disc = ( 7)2 4 (3) (-13) Disc = 49 + 156 Disc = 205 > 0 The Roots are real , irrational and unequal Verification By quadratic formula x = x= x= x= So , the Roots are real, irrational and unequal.

Question # 4 Find the value of k , if the roots of the following equations are equal (i) Solution (2k 1)x2 + 3kx + 3 = 0 Here, a = 2k -1 , b = 3k , c = 3 (2k 1)x2 + 3kx + 3 = 0

Given that roots are equal , so Disc = 0 b2 4ac = 0

Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali

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( 3k)2 4 (2k -1) (3) = 0 9k2 12(2k -1)= 0 9k2 24k +12= 0 3(3k2 8k + 4) = 0 3k2 8k + 4 = 0/4 3k2 8k + 4 = 0 3k2 2k 6k + 4 = 0 K(3k -2) -2 ( 3k 2) = 0 ( 3k 2) (k 2) = 0 3k 2= 0 3k = 0 + 2 3k = 2 K = 2/3 0r 0r or or k2=0 k=0+2 k=2 k=2

( ii)

x2 +2( k + 2)x + 3k + 4 = 0

Solution x2 +2( k + 2)x + 3k + 4 = 0 Here, a = 1 , b = 2(k +2), c = 3k + 4

Given that roots are equal , so Disc = 0 b2 4ac = 0 [2( k + 2)]2 4 (1) (3k + 4) = 0 4[ (k)2 + 2(k)(2) + (2)2] 12k 16 = 0 4k2 + 16k + 16 12k 16 = 0 4k2 + 4k = 0 Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 4

4k( k + 1) = 0 4k = 0 k = 0/4 k=0 ( iii) Solution (3k + 2)x2 -5( k + 1)x + (2k + 3) = 0 Here, a = (3k + 2) , b = -5( k + 1) , c = 2k + 3 Given that roots are equal , so Disc = 0 b2 4ac = 0 [-5( k + 1)]2 4 (3k + 2) (2k + 3) = 0 25(k + 1)2 -4[ 3k ( 2k + 3) + 2 ( 2k + 3)] = 0 25[(k)2 + 2(k)(1) + (1)2] 4[ 6k2 + 9k + 4k + 6] = 0 25(k2 + 2k + 1) 4(6k2 +13k + 6) = 0 25k2 + 50k + 25 24k2 -52k -24 = 0 k2 - 2k + 1 = 0 (k - 1)2 = 0 = K -1 = 0 K=0+1 K=1 Question # 8 Show that the roots of the following equations are rational. (i) a(b c)x2 + b(c a)x + c(a b) = 0 0r 0r k +1 = 0 k = 0 -1 or k = -1

(3k + 2)x2 -5( k + 1)x + (2k + 3) = 0

Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali

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Solution a(b c)x2 + b(c a)x + c(a b) = 0 The roots will be rational, if Disc is a perfect square Disc = [b(c-a)]2 4a(b-c) c(a-b) Disc = b2(c a)2 4ac( b c) ( a b) Disc = b2[(c)2 - 2(c)(a) + a2 ] 4ac[ab b2 ca + bc] Disc = b2c2 - 2ab2c+ a2b2 4a2bc + 4ab2c + 4a2c2 4 abc2 Disc = b2c2 + 2ab2c + a2b2 4a2bc - 4abc2 + 4a2c2 Disc =(a2b2 + 2ab2c +b2c2) 4ac(ab + bc) + 4a2c2 Disc = (ab + bc)2 2 (2ac)(ab + bc) + (2ac)2 Disc = (ab + bc)2 2(ab + bc) (2ac) + (2ac)2 Disc = [(ab + bc) 2ac]2 Hence, the roots are rational. (ii) Solution (a + 2b)x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + (a + 2c) = 0 The roots will be rational, if Disc is a perfect square Disc = [2(a + b + c)]2 4(a + 2b)(a+ 2c) Disc = 4[ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca ] 4[a2 + 2ac + 2ab + 4bc ] Disc = 4[ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac - a2 + 2ac + 2ab + 4bc ] Disc = 4[ b2 + c2 2bc ] Disc = [2(b c)]2 is a perfect square Hence, The roots are real and rational (a + 2b)x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + (a + 2c) = 0 (Perfect square)

Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali

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