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Pascal's Principle For Pressure

Pascal's principle states that a pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid. Practical applications include hydraulic lifts and brake systems, where a small force applied over a large area can produce a large force over a small area due to the difference in areas. The document provides examples of calculating pressures at different depths and forces produced in hydraulic systems using Pascal's principle.

Uploaded by

Bryan Jesher Dela Cruz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
128 views

Pascal's Principle For Pressure

Pascal's principle states that a pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid. Practical applications include hydraulic lifts and brake systems, where a small force applied over a large area can produce a large force over a small area due to the difference in areas. The document provides examples of calculating pressures at different depths and forces produced in hydraulic systems using Pascal's principle.

Uploaded by

Bryan Jesher Dela Cruz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pascal's Principle

A pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure throughout by the same amount.

The Earth's atmosphere exerts a pressure on all objects with which it is in contact, including other fluids. The pressure due to water pressure 100. m below the surface of a lake is P = gh = 1.00 x 10 3 kg/m 3 x 9.80 m s -2 x 100. m = 9.80 x 10 5 Pa = 9.7 atm P Total = P water + P air = 9.7 atm + 1.0 atm = 10.7 atm The brake system to the left is a practica l applicat ion of Pascal's Principl e. F = PA Since the pressure is the same at the Master Cylinder and the Brake Pads, a force applied to the Master Cylinder gives a larger force at the Brake Pads. An important point, the distance traveled by the pedal is greater than the distance traveled by the Brake Pads.

The hydrau lic lift is anothe r practic al

application of Pascal's Principle. P out = P in

F out F in -------- = ------A out A in

F out A out -------- = ---------F in A in F out / F in is the Mechanical Advantage of the system. If the area out is 20 times greater than the area in, a 200. lbs force can lift a 4000. lbs car. Table of Contents

Problems
1. The maximum gauge pressure in a hydraulic lift is 18 atm. What is the largest mass vehicle it can lift if the diameter of the output line is 22 cm?

2.

Pascal placed a long tube with a radius of 0.300 cm into a barrel with a 20.0 cm radius top. When the water was filled to the 12.0 m height the barrel burst. (a) Calculate the mass of water in the tube. (b) Calculate the net force on the lid.

3.

What is the total pressure on a diver 45.0 m below the sea? Densities of Substances

Physics Charts -

4.

The master cylinder of a brake system has a radius of 0.100 cm and the cylinders at the brake pads have radii of 4.00 cm. If Debi can apply a force of 150. N on the brake pedal, what is the force applied to slow down her car?

Table of Contents

Answers
1. The maximum gauge pressure in a hydraulic lift is 18 atm. What is the largest mass vehicle it can lift if the diameter of the output line is 22 cm?

1.013 x 10 5 N m -2 18 atm x -------------------------- = 1.82 x 10 6 N m -2 1 atm

22cm = 0.22 m = d A= r2 = x ( 0.11 m ) 2 = 0.0380 m 2

F = P x A = 1.82 x 10 6 N m -2 x 0.0380 m 2 = 6.92 x 10 4 N F 6.92 x 10 4 N m = ---- = -------------------- = 7060 kg g 9.80 m s -2 2. Pascal placed a long tube with a radius of 0.300 cm into a barrel with a 20.0 cm radius top. When the water was filled to the 12.0 m height the barrel burst. (a) Calculate the mass of water in the tube. (b) Calculate the net force on the lid.

(a) m = V x D = 10 -2 kg

r2 h x D =

( 0.00150 m )2 x 12.0 m x 1.00 x 10 3 kg m -3 = 8.48 x

(b) F out A out m )2 -------- = ------------------------F in A in F out = 1.48 x 10 4 N 3. What is the total pressure on a diver 45.0 m below the sea? Physics Charts - Densities of Substances F in x A out 8.48 x 10 -2 kg x 9.80 m s -2 x x ( 0.200

=> F out = ----------------- = -----------------------------------------------A in ( 0.00150 m )2

P total = P water + P atmosphere P total = gh + P atmosphere = 1.025 x 10 3 kg m -3 x 9.80 m s -2 x 45.0 m + 101300 Pa

P total = 5.53 x 10 5 Pa = 553 kPa 4. The master cylinder of a brake system has a radius of 0.100 cm and the cylinders at the brake pads have radii of 4.00 cm. If Debi can apply a force of 150. N on the brake pedal, what is the force applied to slow down her car?

F out A out -------- = ---------9.6 x 10 5 N F in A in

=> F out

F in x A out 150. N x 4 x x ( 4.00 cm ) 2 = ----------------- = ------------------------------------------- = A in ( 0.100 cm )2

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