Final Exam Semester 1

1. Examine the following code. Why does the exception handler not
follow good practice guidelines?

DECLARE
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

You should not use DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE in an

exception handler.

employee_id 999 does not exist in the employees table.

The exception handler should test for the named

exception NO_DATA_FOUND. (*)

The exception handler should COMMIT the transaction.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

2. While a PL/SQL block is executing, more than one exception can occur
at the same time. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

3. Which of the following best describes a PL/SQL exception? Mark

for Review
(1) Points

A user enters an invalid password while trying to log on

to the database.

1
 An error occurs during execution which disrupts the
normal operation of the program. (*)

A DML statement does not modify any rows.

The programmer makes a spelling mistake while writiing

the PL/SQL code.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of including an exception

handler in a PL/SQL block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Protects the database from errors

Code is more readable because error-handling routines

can be written in the same block in which the error occurred

Prevents errors from occurring (*)

Avoids costly and time-consuming correction of

mistakes

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

5. You try to create a function named MYFUNC. The function does not
compile correctly because there are errors in your code. Which Dictionary view can you query
to see the errors? Mark for Review
(1) Points

USER_SOURCE

USER_ERRORS (*)

USER_OBJECTS

USER_DEPENDENCIES

USER_COMPILES

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

6. Which of the following best describes a stored function? Mark for Review
(1) Points

2
 A subprogram that must return exactly one value. (*)

A subprogram that must have at least one IN parameter.

A subprogram that has no OUT or IN OUT parameters.

A subprogram that executes automatically when a DML

statement is executed on a table.

A subprogram which invokes another subprogram.

Correct

7. Consider the following function:

CREATE FUNCTION ADD_EM

(a NUMBER := 1,
b NUMBER := 2 )
RETURN NUMBER
IS BEGIN
RETURN (a+b);
END ADD_EM;

Which one of the following blocks will NOT work correctly? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em(b=4);
END;

(*)

DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em(4);
END;

DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em(4,5);
END;

3
 DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em;
END;

None of them will work.

Correct

8. A function named MYFUNC has been created. This function accepts

one IN parameter of datatype VARCHAR2 and returns a NUMBER.
You want to invoke the function within the following anonymous block:

DECLARE
v_var1 NUMBER(6,2);
BEGIN
-- Line A
END;
What could be coded at Liine A? Mark for Review
(1) Points

myfunc('Crocodile') := v_var1;

myfunc(v_var1) := 'Crocodile';

myfunc(v_var1, 'Crocodile');

v_var1 := myfunc('Crocodile'); (*)

myfunc('Crocodile', v_var1);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

9. Why will this function not compile correctly?

CREATE FUNCTION bad_one

IS BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END bad_one; Mark for Review
(1) Points

You cannot RETURN a NULL.

4
 You must declare the type of the RETURN before the IS.
(*)

You must have at least one IN parameter.

You must code CREATE OR REPLACE, not CREATE.

The body of the function must contain at least one

executable statement (as well as RETURN).

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

10. Which of the following is a difference between a procedure and a

function? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A procedure can include DML statements, but a function

cannot.

A function must have at least one IN parameter, while

parameters are optional for a procedure.

A procedure can return a BOOLEAN datatype, while a

function cannot.

A function can be used inside a SQL statement, while a

procedure cannot. (*)

A procedure can include an EXCEPTION section, while

a function cannot.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

11. User BOB creates procedure MYPROC using the default Definer's Rights. BOB then
executes:
GRANT EXECUTE ON bob.myproc TO ted;
When TED invokes BOB.MYPROC, whose privileges are checked? Mark for Review
(1) Points

TED's privileges

PUBLIC's privileges

SYSTEM's privileges

BOB's privileges (*)

ORACLE's privileges

5
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

12. How do you specify that you want a procedure MYPROCA to use
"Definer's Rights"? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproca

AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS...

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproca

AUTHID OWNER IS...

GRANT DEFINER TO myprocA;

ALTER PROCEDURE myproca TO DEFINER;

Definer's Rights are the default, therefore no extra code

or commands are needed. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

13. The following exception handler will successfully insert the Oracle
error number and error message into a log table whenever an Oracle Server error occurs. True
or False?

EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
INSERT INTO err_log_table (num_col, char_col)
VALUES (SQLCODE, SQLERRM);
END;

(Assume that err_log_table has been created with suitable columns and datatypes.) Mark
for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

6
 14. Which of these exceptions would need to be raised explicitly by the
PL/SQL programmer? Mark for Review
(1) Points

OTHERS

A SELECT statement returns more than one row.

A check constraint is violated.

A SQL UPDATE statement does not update any rows.

(*)

A row is FETCHed from a cursor while the cursor is

closed.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

15. Which kinds of exceptions are raised implicitly (i.e., automatically)?

(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Predefined Oracle Server errors such as

NO_DATA_FOUND (*)

User-defined errors

All errors

Non-predefined Oracle Server errors such as ORA-01400

(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

16. An attempt to update an employee's salary to a negative value will violate a check
constraint and raise an ORA-02290 exception. Which of the following is a correct definition
of a handler for this exception? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(-02290,e_sal_excep);

7
 DECLARE
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_excep,-02290);
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_excep,-02290);

(*)

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA_EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_exception,-02290);

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_excep,02290);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

17. Which of the following best describes a predefined Oracle Server error?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Has a standard Oracle error number but must be named

by the PL/SQL programmer

Is not raised automatically but must be declared and

raised explicitly by the PL/SQL programmer

Has a standard Oracle error number and a standard name

which can be referenced in the EXCEPTION section (*)

Is associated with an Oracle error number using

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

18. Examine the following code. What message or messages will be

displayed when this code is executed?

DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;

8
 v_number NUMBER := 27;
BEGIN
v_number := v_number / 0;
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows were found');
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Attempt to divide by zero');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

No rows were found

Attempt to divide by zero (*)

Attempt to divide by zero No rows were found

An error occurred

No message will be displayed

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

19. Which of the following are characteristics of PL/SQL subprograms but

not of anonymous PL/SQL blocks? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Can take parameters (*)

Are stored in the database (*)

Can begin with the keyword DECLARE

Are named (*)

Are compiled every time they are executed

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

9
 20. A stored PL/SQL procedure can be invoked from which of the
following?

A PL/SQL anonymous block

Another PL/SQL procedure
A calling application Mark for Review
(1) Points

A only

A and B

A and C

A, B and C (*)

B and C

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

21. The following are the steps involved in creating, and later modifying and re-creating, a
PL/SQL procedure in Application Express. In what sequence should these steps be
performed?

Retrieve the saved code from "Saved SQL" in SQL Commands

Execute the code to create the procedure
Execute the code to re-create the procedure
Click on the "Save" button and save the procedure code
Modify the code in the SQL Commands window
Type the procedure code in the SQL Commands window Mark for Review
(1) Points

F,C,A,B,E,D

F,B,D,A,E,C (*)

E,D,F,C,A,B

F,B,D,E,A,C

F,B,C,D,E,A

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

22. One PL./SQL subprogram can be invoked from within many

applications. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

10
 True (*)

False

Correct

23. Which of the following keywords MUST be included in every PL/SQL

procedure definition? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

REPLACE

BEGIN (*)

IS or AS (*)

DECLARE

END (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

24. Which of the following are characteristics of PL/SQL stored

procedures? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

They are named PL/SQL blocks (*)

They must return exactly one value to the calling

environment.

They can have an exception section. (*)

They can be invoked from inside a SQL statement.

They can accept parameters. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

11
 25. In which DML statements can user-defined functions be used? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

INSERT and UPDATE, but not DELETE.

INSERT only.

All DML statements. (*)

UPDATE only

DELETE only

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

26. Which one of the following statements about user-defined functions is NOT true?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

They can execute spell-checking routines.

They can be used inside SQL statements.

They can be combined (nested) together, similar to

nesting system functions, for example INITCAP(SUBSTR( .....)).

They can return a TIMESTAMP datatype.

They can allow you to COMMIT from inside a SELECT

statement. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

27. What is one of the advantages of using user-defined functions in a SQL

statement? Mark for Review
(1) Points

They automate repetitive formulas which otherwise you

would have to type in full every time you used them. (*)

They execute faster than system-defined functions such

as UPPER and LOWER.

They allow you to execute DML from inside a SELECT

statement.

12
 They allow you to use functions which return a
BOOLEAN.

They are stored on your local PC, not in the database.

Correct

28. Which of the following best describes how an IN parameter affects a

procedure? Mark for Review
(1) Points

It describes the order in which the procedure's statements

should be executed.

It describes which parts of the procedure's code are

optional or conditional.

It makes the procedure execute faster.

It passes a value into the procedure when the procedure

is invoked. (*)

It allows complex calculations to be executed inside the

procedure.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

29. Examine the following procedure:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE smallproc
(p_param IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN ....
The procedure is invoked by:
DECLARE
v_param NUMBER := 20;
BEGIN
smallproc(v_param);
END;
Which of the following statements is true? Mark for Review
(1) Points

p_param is a parameter and v_param is an argument

p_param is a formal parameter and 20 is an actual

parameter

13
 p_param is a formal parameter and v_param is an actual
parameter (*)

p_param and v_param are both formal parameters, while

20 is an actual parameter

p_param is an actual parameter and v_param is a formal

parameter

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

30. A procedure will execute faster if it has at least one parameter. Mark
for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

31. You have created procedure MYPROC with a single parameter PARM1 NUMBER.
Now you want to add a second parameter to the procedure. Which of the following will
change the procedure successfully? Mark for Review
(1) Points

ALTER PROCEDURE myproc ADD (parm2

NUMBER);

The procedure cannot be modified. Once a procedure has

been created, the number of parameters cannot be changed.

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE someproc

(parm1 NUMBER, parm2 NUMBER);
(You do not need to repeat the detailed code of the procedure, only the header)

REPLACE PROCEDURE someproc

(parm1 NUMBER, parm2 NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN ...

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE MYPROC

(parm1 NUMBER, parm2 NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN ... (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

14
 32. You have created the following procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE double_it
(p_param IN OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
p_param := p_param * 2;
END;
Which of the following anonymous blocks invokes this procedure successfully? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

BEGIN
EXECUTE double_it(20);
END;

BEGIN
SELECT double_it(20)
FROM DUAL;
END;

DECLARE
v_result NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
v_result := double_it(20);
END;

DECLARE
v_result NUMBER(6) := 20;
BEGIN
double_it(v_result);
END; (*)

BEGIN
double_it(20);
END;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

33. You have created a procedure named MYPROC that accepts three IN
parameters A, B, and C (all numbers). Which of the following calls to MYPROC is NOT
correct? Mark for Review
(1) Points

myproc(5,10,20);

myproc(a=>5,b=>10,20) (*)

15
 myproc(a=>5,b=>10,c=>20)

myproc(5,10,c=>20)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

34. Department-id 99 does not exist. What will be displayed when the
following code is executed?

DECLARE
v_deptname departments.department_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT department_name INTO v_deptname
FROM departments WHERE department_id = 99;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20201,'Department does not exist');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

ORA-01403: No Data Found ORA-20201: Department

does not exist

ORA-01403: No Data Found

ORA-20201: Department does not exist (*)

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

35. A user-defined exception can be raised:

A. In the declaration section

B. In the executable section
C. In the exception section Mark for Review
(1) Points

A and B

B and C (*)

16
 A and C

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

36. There are no employees in department 99. What message or messages will be
displayed when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
e_my_excep EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = 10000
WHERE department_id = 99;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE e_my_excep;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_my_excep THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 1');
RAISE e_my_excep;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 2');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 3');
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_my_excep THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 4');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

Message 1
Message 3

Message 1
Message 2

Message 1
Message 3
Message 4

Message 1
Message 4

(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

17
 37. Which of the following will successfully return a user-defined error
message? Mark for Review
(1) Points

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR('Error Raised',-
22001);

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20257,'Error raised');
(*)

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-22001,'Error
Raised');

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR('Error Raised',-
20257);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

38. Procedure SOMEPROC has five parameters named A, B, C, D, E in

that order. The procedure was called as follows:

SOMEPROC(10,20,D=>50);

How was parameter B referenced? Mark for Review

(1) Points

Positional (*)

Named

A combination of positionally and named

A combination of named and defaulted

Defaulted

Correct

39. What are the type of parameter modes? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CHARACTER, NUMBER, DATE, BOOLEAN

CONSTANT, VARIABLE, DEFAULT

18
 LOCAL, GLOBAL, BOTH

IN, OUT, IN OUT (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

40. Which parameter mode is the default? Mark for Review

(1) Points

IN (*)

OUT

NUMBER

VARIABLE

CONSTANT

Correct
41. The following procedure has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc

(A IN NUMBER := 20,
B IN NUMBER,
C IN NUMBER DEFAULT 30)
IS .....
Which of the following will invoke the procedure correctly? Mark for Review
(1) Points

myproc(40);

myproc(10, B => 30, 50);

myproc(C => 25);

All of the above

None of the above (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

42. You want to remove the procedure NO_NEED from your schema. You
execute:

19
DROP PROCEDURE no_need;

Which Data Dictionary views are updated automatically? Mark for Review
(1) Points

USER_PROCEDURES

USER_OBJECTS

USER_SOURCE

All of the above. (*)

None of the above.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

43. Examine the following code: CREATE PROCEDURE parent

IS BEGIN
child1;
child2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN NULL;
END parent;

Neither CHILD1 nor CHILD2 has an exception handler.

When PARENT is invoked, CHILD1 raises a NO_DATA_FOUND exception. What happens
next? Mark for Review
(1) Points

PARENT handles the exception, then CHILD1 continues

to execute.

CHILD1 ends abruptly. PARENT handles the exception

and then ends. CHILD2 does not execute. (*)

CHILD1 ends abruptly, PARENT handles the exception,

then CHILD2 executes.

CHILD1 ends abruptly, PARENT also ends abruptly and

returns an unhandled exception.

PARENT does not compile because you cannot use

NULL; in an exception handler.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

20
 44. You want to see the names, modes and data types of the formal
parameters of function MY_FUNC in your schema. How can you do this? (Choose two)
Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Query USER_PARAMETERS

Query USER_SOURCE (*)

Query USER_FUNCTIONS

SHOW PARAMETER my_funct;

DESCRIBE my_funct; (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

45. The following code does not violate any constraints and will not raise
an ORA-02292 error. What will happen when the code is executed?

BEGIN
DECLARE
e_constraint_violation EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_constraint_violation, -2292);
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inner block message');
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_constraint_violation THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outer block message');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

Inner block message' will be displayed.

The code will fail because the exception is declared in

the inner block but is referenced in the outer block. (*)

Outer block message' will be displayed.

The code will fail because line 4 should read: PRAGMA

EXCEPTION_INIT(-2292, e_constraint_violation);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

21
m Semester 1

46. There are no employees in department 75. What will be displayed when
this code is executed?

DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A');
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name
FROM employees WHERE department_id = 75;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('B');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('C');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('D');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

A
C
D

A
D

(*)

A
B
D

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

47. Examine the following code which shows three levels of nested block.
What is the scope of the variable v_middle_var?

DECLARE -- outer block

22
 v_outer_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE -- middle block
v_middle_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE -- inner block
v_inner_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
...
END;
END;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

All three blocks

Middle and outer blocks only

Middle and inner blocks only (*)

Middle block only

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

48. What will be displayed when the following code is executed?

<<outer>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar := 10;
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER := 200;
BEGIN
outer.v_myvar := 20;
v_myvar := v_myvar / 0; -- this raises a ZERO_DIVIDE error
outer.v_myvar := 30;
END;
v_myvar := 40;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_myvar);
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

10

23
 20 (*)

30

40

200

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

49. Using two nested blocks, a TOO_MANY_ROWS exception is raised

within the inner block. Which of the following exception handlers will successfully handle the
exception? Mark for Review
(1) Points

WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS in the inner block

WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS in either block

WHEN OTHERS in either block

WHEN OTHERS in the inner block

All of the above (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

50. What will happen when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
e_excep1 EXCEPTION;
e_excep2 EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
RAISE e_excep1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_excep1 THEN BEGIN
RAISE e_excep2; END;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

It will fail to compile because you cannot have a

subblock inside an exception section.

It will fail to compile because e_excep1 is out of scope in

the subblock.

24
 It will fail to compile because you cannot declare more
than one exception in the same block.

It will compile successfully and return an unhandled

e_excep2 to the calling environment. (*)

25
 2
1. User-defined exceptions must be declared explicitly by the programmer, but then are
raised automatically by the Oracle Server. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

2. Department-id 99 does not exist. What will be displayed when the

following code is executed?

DECLARE
v_deptname departments.department_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT department_name INTO v_deptname
FROM departments WHERE department_id = 99;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20201,'Department does not exist');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

ORA-01403: No Data Found ORA-20201: Department

does not exist

ORA-01403: No Data Found

ORA-20201: Department does not exist (*)

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

3. A user-defined exception can be raised:

A. In the declaration section

B. In the executable section
C. In the exception section Mark for Review
(1) Points

26
 A and B

B and C (*)

A and C

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

4. Which of the following will successfully return a user-defined error

message? Mark for Review
(1) Points

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR('Error Raised',-
22001);

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20257,'Error raised');
(*)

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-22001,'Error
Raised');

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR('Error Raised',-
20257);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

5. You have created a function named IS_LEAPYEAR that accepts one

IN parameter of datatype DATE and returns a Boolean value (TRUE or FALSE) depending
on whether the date is in a leap year. What is wrong with this query:

SELECT last_name, hire_date

FROM employees
WHERE is_leapyear(hire_date)=TRUE; Mark for Review
(1) Points

The IS_LEAPYEAR function must be in the SELECT

clause, not the WHERE clause.

You cannot use DATE and BOOLEAN datatypes in the

same function.

The SELECT statement returns more than one row.

IS_LEAPYEAR is a reserved word in the SQL language.

27
 The function returns a Boolean, and therefore cannot be
used within a SELECT statement. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

6. In which DML statements can user-defined functions be used? Mark for Review
(1) Points

INSERT and UPDATE, but not DELETE.

INSERT only.

All DML statements. (*)

UPDATE only

DELETE only

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

7. What is one of the advantages of using user-defined functions in a SQL

statement? Mark for Review
(1) Points

They automate repetitive formulas which otherwise you

would have to type in full every time you used them. (*)

They execute faster than system-defined functions such

as UPPER and LOWER.

They allow you to execute DML from inside a SELECT

statement.

They allow you to use functions which return a

BOOLEAN.

They are stored on your local PC, not in the database.

Correct

8. Which of these exceptions can be handled by an EXCEPTION section

in a PL/SQL block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A SELECT statement returns no rows

28
 A SELECT statement returns more than one row

Any other kind of exception that can occur within the

block

All of the above (*)

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

9. Examine the following code. Why does the exception handler not
follow good practice guidelines?

DECLARE
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

You should not use DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE in an

exception handler.

employee_id 999 does not exist in the employees table.

The exception handler should test for the named

exception NO_DATA_FOUND. (*)

The exception handler should COMMIT the transaction.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

10. The following EXCEPTION section is constructed correctly. True or

False?

EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND OR TOO_MANY_ROWS
THEN statement_1;
statement_2;
WHEN OTHERS
THEN statement_3;

29
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct
11. While a PL/SQL block is executing, more than one exception can occur at the same
time. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

12. The following code shows the dependencies between three procedures:

CREATE PROCEDURE parent

IS BEGIN
child1;
child2;
END parent;
You now try to execute:

DROP PROCEDURE child2;

What happens? Mark for Review
(1) Points

You cannot drop CHILD2 because PARENT is

dependent on it.

CHILD2 is dropped successfully. PARENT and CHILD1

are both marked INVALID.

The database automatically drops PARENT as well.

CHILD2 is dropped successfully. PARENT is marked

INVALID. CHILD1 is still valid. (*)

The database automatically drops CHILD1 as well.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

30
 13. Which Data Dictionary view can be used to display the detailed code of
a procedure in your schema? Mark for Review
(1) Points

USER_PROCEDURES

USER_OBJECTS

USER_SOURCE (*)

USER_SUBPROGRAMS

None of the above.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

14. You want to see the names, modes and data types of the formal
parameters of function MY_FUNC in your schema. How can you do this? (Choose two)
Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Query USER_PARAMETERS

Query USER_SOURCE (*)

Query USER_FUNCTIONS

SHOW PARAMETER my_funct;

DESCRIBE my_funct; (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

15. An attempt to update an employee's salary to a negative value will

violate a check constraint and raise an ORA-02290 exception. Which of the following is a
correct definition of a handler for this exception? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(-02290,e_sal_excep);

31
 DECLARE
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_excep,-02290);
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_excep,-02290);

(*)

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA_EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_exception,-02290);

DECLARE
e_sal_excep EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_sal_excep,02290);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

16. Examine the following code fragment. At Line A, you want to raise an exception if the
fetched salary value is greater than 30000. How can you do this?

DECLARE
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 30000 THEN
-- Line A
END IF;
... Mark for Review
(1) Points

Test for WHEN VALUE_TOO_HIGH in the exception

section.

Use RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR to raise an

exception explicitly. (*)

Test for WHEN OTHERS in the exception section,

because WHEN OTHERS traps all exceptions.

Define an EXCEPTION variable and associate it with an

Oracle Server error number using PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT.

32
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

17. Examine the following code. What message or messages will be

displayed when this code is executed?

DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
v_number NUMBER := 27;
BEGIN
v_number := v_number / 0;
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows were found');
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Attempt to divide by zero');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

No rows were found

Attempt to divide by zero (*)

Attempt to divide by zero No rows were found

An error occurred

No message will be displayed

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

18. Which of the following best describes a user-defined exception? Mark

for Review
(1) Points

A predefined Oracle Server error such as

NO_DATA_FOUND

A non-predefined Oracle Server error such as ORA-

01400

An error which is not automatically raised by the Oracle

server (*)

33
 Any error which has an Oracle error number of the form
ORA-nnnnn

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

19. Which of the following are examples of predefined Oracle Server

errors? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

TOO_MANY_ROWS (*)

NO_DATA_FOUND (*)

OTHERS

ZERO_DIVIDE (*)

E_INSERT_EXCEP

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

20. An attempt to insert a null value into a NOT NULL table column raises
an ORA-01400 exception. How can you code an exception handler to trap this exception?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Test for WHEN ORA-1400 in the exception section.

Declare a variable e_null_excep of type EXCEPTION,

associate it with ORA-01400 using a PRAGMA directive, and test for WHEN e_null_excep
in the exception section. (*)

Declare a variable e_null_excep of type VARCHAR2,

associate it with ORA-01400 using a PRAGMA directive, and test for WHEN e_null_excep
in the exception section.

Declare a variable as follows: e_null_excep

EXCEPTION := -01400; Then test for WHEN e_null_excep in the exception section.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

21. Which of the following best describes a stored function? Mark for Review
(1) Points

34
 A subprogram that must return exactly one value. (*)

A subprogram that must have at least one IN parameter.

A subprogram that has no OUT or IN OUT parameters.

A subprogram that executes automatically when a DML

statement is executed on a table.

A subprogram which invokes another subprogram.

Correct

22. Consider the following function:

CREATE FUNCTION ADD_EM

(a NUMBER := 1,
b NUMBER := 2 )
RETURN NUMBER
IS BEGIN
RETURN (a+b);
END ADD_EM;

Which one of the following blocks will NOT work correctly? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em(b=4);
END;

(*)

DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em(4);
END;

DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em(4,5);
END;

35
 DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
x:= add_em;
END;

None of them will work.

Correct

23. In a SELECT statement, where can a function NOT be used? Mark

for Review
(1) Points

In a GROUP BY or HAVING clause.

A function can be used anywhere in a SELECT

statement. (*)

In a WHERE clause.

In the column list (SELECT) clause.

In an ORDER BY clause.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

24. Which of the following is a difference between a procedure and a

function? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A procedure can include DML statements, but a function

cannot.

A function must have at least one IN parameter, while

parameters are optional for a procedure.

A procedure can return a BOOLEAN datatype, while a

function cannot.

A function can be used inside a SQL statement, while a

procedure cannot. (*)

36
 A procedure can include an EXCEPTION section, while
a function cannot.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

25. Why will this function not compile correctly?

CREATE FUNCTION bad_one

IS BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END bad_one; Mark for Review
(1) Points

You cannot RETURN a NULL.

You must declare the type of the RETURN before the IS.
(*)

You must have at least one IN parameter.

You must code CREATE OR REPLACE, not CREATE.

The body of the function must contain at least one

executable statement (as well as RETURN).

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

26. Which of the following is a difference between a procedure and a function? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

Functions cannot be nested; procedures can be nested to

at least 8 levels.

A procedure can have default values for parameters,

while a function cannot.

An explicit cursor can be declared in a procedure, but not

in a function.

A function cannot be used within a SQL statement; a

procedure can be used within SQL.

A function must return a value, a procedure may or may

not. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

37
 27. The following procedure has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE defproc

(A IN NUMBER := 50,
B IN NUMBER,
C IN NUMBER DEFAULT 40)
IS .....
Which one of the following will invoke the procedure correctly? Mark for Review
(1) Points

defproc(30 => A);

defproc(30, 60 => C);

defproc(40, 70); (*)

defproc(10 => A, 25 => C);

defproc;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

28. Which parameter mode is the default? Mark for Review

(1) Points

IN (*)

OUT

NUMBER

VARIABLE

CONSTANT

Correct

29. What are the type of parameter modes? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CHARACTER, NUMBER, DATE, BOOLEAN

CONSTANT, VARIABLE, DEFAULT

38
 LOCAL, GLOBAL, BOTH

IN, OUT, IN OUT (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

30. Suppose you set up a parameter with an explicit IN mode. What is true
about that parameter? Mark for Review
(1) Points

It must have a DEFAULT value.

It cannot have a DEFAULT value.

It acts like a constant (its value cannot be changed inside

the subprogram). (*)

It must be the same type as the matching OUT

parameter.

It inherits its type from the matching OUT parameter.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

31. Which of the following is NOT correct coding for a procedure parameter? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

(p_param IN VARCHAR2)

(p_param VARCHAR2)

(p_param VARCHAR2(50)) (*)

(p_param employees.last_name%TYPE)

(p_param IN OUT VARCHAR2)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

32. Examine the following procedure:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE smallproc
(p_param IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN ....
The procedure is invoked by:

39
DECLARE
v_param NUMBER := 20;
BEGIN
smallproc(v_param);
END;
Which of the following statements is true? Mark for Review
(1) Points

p_param is a parameter and v_param is an argument

p_param is a formal parameter and 20 is an actual

parameter

p_param is a formal parameter and v_param is an actual

parameter (*)

p_param and v_param are both formal parameters, while

20 is an actual parameter

p_param is an actual parameter and v_param is a formal

parameter

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

33. Which of the following best describes how an IN parameter affects a

procedure? Mark for Review
(1) Points

It describes the order in which the procedure's statements

should be executed.

It describes which parts of the procedure's code are

optional or conditional.

It makes the procedure execute faster.

It passes a value into the procedure when the procedure

is invoked. (*)

It allows complex calculations to be executed inside the

procedure.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

40
 34. You have created a procedure named MYPROC that accepts three IN
parameters A, B, and C (all numbers). Which of the following calls to MYPROC is NOT
correct? Mark for Review
(1) Points

myproc(5,10,20);

myproc(a=>5,b=>10,20) (*)

myproc(a=>5,b=>10,c=>20)

myproc(5,10,c=>20)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

35. A procedure will execute faster if it has at least one parameter. Mark
for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

36. Which of the following can NOT be used as the datatype of a procedure parameter?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

A non-SQL datatype such as BOOLEAN

The name of another procedure (*)

A large object datatype such as CLOB

A PLSQL record defined using %ROWTYPE

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

37. There are no employees in department 75. What will be displayed when
this code is executed?

DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A');

41
 BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name
FROM employees WHERE department_id = 75;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('B');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('C');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('D');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

A
C
D

A
D

(*)

A
B
D

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

38. The following code will execute correctly. True or False?

DECLARE
v_myvar1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_myvar2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar1 := 100;
END;
v_myvar2 := 100; v END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

42
 True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

39. What will be displayed when the following code is executed?

<<outer>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar := 10;
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER := 200;
BEGIN
outer.v_myvar := 20;
v_myvar := v_myvar / 0; -- this raises a ZERO_DIVIDE error
outer.v_myvar := 30;
END;
v_myvar := 40;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_myvar);
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

10

20 (*)

30

40

200

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

40. What will happen when the following code is executed?

BEGIN -- outer block

DECLARE -- inner block
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT * FROM employees;
v_emp_rec emp_curs%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN

43
 OPEN emp_curs;
LOOP
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_emp_rec;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_rec.salary);
END LOOP;
END;
CLOSE emp_curs;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

The code will fail because you cannot declare a cursor in

an inner block.

The code will fail because the cursor is declared in the

inner block but is referenced in the outer block. (*)

The code will execute successfully and display all the

employees' salaries.

The code will execute forever because there is no

statement to EXIT from the loop.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

41. Using nested blocks, when is it necessary to label the outer block?. Mark for
Review
(1) Points

You must always label the outer block.

You must always label both blocks.

You must label the outer block when two variables with
the same name are declared, one in each block.

You must label the outer block when two variables with
the same name are declared and you need to reference the outer block's variable within the
inner block. (*)

Block labels are just comments and are therefore

recommended but never needed.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

42. Examine the following code which shows three levels of nested block.
What is the scope of the variable v_middle_var?

DECLARE -- outer block

44
 v_outer_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE -- middle block
v_middle_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE -- inner block
v_inner_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
...
END;
END;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

All three blocks

Middle and outer blocks only

Middle and inner blocks only (*)

Middle block only

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

43. User REYHAN creates the following procedure: CREATE

PROCEDURE proc1 AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS v_count NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT
COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM tom.employees; END; User BILL wants to execute this
procedure. What privileges will BILL need? Mark for Review
(1) Points

EXECUTE on REYHAN.PROC1 and SELECT on

TOM.EMPLOYEES (*)

EXECUTE on REYHAN.PROC1

SELECT on TOM.EMPLOYEES

BILL needs no privileges

None of the above. The procedure will fail to compile

because REYHAN does not have SELECT privilege on TOM.EMPLOYEES.

Correct

45
 44. User BOB creates procedure MYPROC using the default Definer's
Rights. BOB then executes:
GRANT EXECUTE ON bob.myproc TO ted;
When TED invokes BOB.MYPROC, whose privileges are checked? Mark for Review
(1) Points

TED's privileges

PUBLIC's privileges

SYSTEM's privileges

BOB's privileges (*)

ORACLE's privileges

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

45. A PL/SQL procedure named MYPROC has already been created and
stored in the database. Which of the following will successfully re-create the procedure after
some changes have been made to the code? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CREATE PROCEDURE myproc IS ...

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc IS ....

(*)

UPDATE PROCEDURE myproc IS ...

ALTER PROCEDURE myproc IS ...

None of the above, because the procedure must be

dropped before it can be re-created.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

A calling application Mark for Review
(1) Points

A only

A and B

A and C

A, B and C (*)

46
 B and C

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

47. A programmer wants to create a PL/SQL procedure named

EMP_PROC. What will happen when the following code is executed?

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_proc IS

v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The salary is: ' || v_salary);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

The statement will raise a NO_DATA_FOUND

exception because employee_id 999 does not exist.

The statement will fail because the last line of code

should be END emp_proc;

The statement will fail because you cannot declare

variables such as v_salary inside a procedure.

The procedure will be created successfully. (*)

The statement will fail because the procedure does not

have any parameters.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

48. Which of the following are benefits of using PL/SQL subprograms

rather than anonymous blocks? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Easier to write

Better data security (*)

Easier code maintenance (*)

Faster performance (*)

47
 Do not need to declare variables

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

49. One PL./SQL subprogram can be invoked from within many

applications. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct

50. Which of the following are characteristics of PL/SQL stored

procedures? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

They are named PL/SQL blocks (*)

They must return exactly one value to the calling

environment.

They can have an exception section. (*)

They can be invoked from inside a SQL statement.

They can accept parameters. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7

48
 3
Final Exam Semester 1

1. Which kinds of exceptions are raised implicitly (i.e., automatically)?

(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Predefined Oracle Server errors such as

NO_DATA_FOUND (*)

User-defined errors

All errors

Non-predefined Oracle Server errors such as ORA-01400

(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

2. Examine the following code. What message or messages will be

displayed when this code is executed?

DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
v_number NUMBER := 27;
BEGIN
v_number := v_number / 0;
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows were found');
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Attempt to divide by zero');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

No rows were found

Attempt to divide by zero (*)

Attempt to divide by zero No rows were found

An error occurred

49
 No message will be displayed

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

3. The following exception handler will successfully insert the Oracle

error number and error message into a log table whenever an Oracle Server error occurs. True
or False?

EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
INSERT INTO err_log_table (num_col, char_col)
VALUES (SQLCODE, SQLERRM);
END;

(Assume that err_log_table has been created with suitable columns and datatypes.) Mark
for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

4. How can you retrieve the error code and error message of any Oracle
Server exception? Mark for Review
(1) Points

By using the functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM (*)

By using the functions SQLCODE and SQLERR

By using RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR

By defining an EXCEPTION variable and using

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

Correct

5. Which of these exceptions would need to be raised explicitly by the

PL/SQL programmer? Mark for Review
(1) Points

50
 OTHERS

A SELECT statement returns more than one row.

A check constraint is violated.

A SQL UPDATE statement does not update any rows.

(*)

A row is FETCHed from a cursor while the cursor is

closed.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

11. A function named MYFUNC has been created. This function accepts one IN
parameter of datatype VARCHAR2 and returns a NUMBER.
You want to invoke the function within the following anonymous block:

DECLARE
v_var1 NUMBER(6,2);
BEGIN
-- Line A
END;
What could be coded at Liine A? Mark for Review
(1) Points

myfunc('Crocodile') := v_var1;

myfunc(v_var1) := 'Crocodile';

myfunc(v_var1, 'Crocodile');

v_var1 := myfunc('Crocodile'); (*)

myfunc('Crocodile', v_var1);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

12. You have created a function named NEWFUNC. You now change
some of the function code, and try to recreate the function by executing:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION newfunc .... ;

What happens? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The command fails because the function already exists.

51
 The function is automatically dropped and then
recreated. (*)

The command fails because you should execute:

CREATE AND REPLACE ....;

A second function named NEWFUNC_2 is created.

The function is dropped but not recreated.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

13. Department-id 99 does not exist. What will be displayed when the
following code is executed?

DECLARE
v_deptname departments.department_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT department_name INTO v_deptname
FROM departments WHERE department_id = 99;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20201,'Department does not exist');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

ORA-01403: No Data Found ORA-20201: Department

does not exist

ORA-01403: No Data Found

ORA-20201: Department does not exist (*)

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

14. There are no employees in department_id 99. What output will be

displayed when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count
FROM employees WHERE department_id = 99;
IF v_count = 0 THEN

52
 RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department 99 is empty');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

No employees found

No employees found Department 99 is empty

Department 99 is empty (*)

The block will fail because you cannot explicitly RAISE

a predefined Oracle Server error such as NO_DATA_FOUND

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

15. A user-defined exception is raised by using: Mark for Review

(1) Points

FLAG exception_name;

RAISE exception-name; (*)

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

RAISE(error_number, exception_name);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

16. There are no employees in department 99. What message or messages will be
displayed when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
e_my_excep EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = 10000
WHERE department_id = 99;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE e_my_excep;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_my_excep THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 1');

53
 RAISE e_my_excep;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 2');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 3');
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_my_excep THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message 4');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

Message 1
Message 3

Message 1
Message 2

Message 1
Message 3
Message 4

Message 1
Message 4

(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

17. You have created procedure MYPROC with a single parameter PARM1
NUMBER. Now you want to add a second parameter to the procedure. Which of the
following will change the procedure successfully? Mark for Review
(1) Points

ALTER PROCEDURE myproc ADD (parm2

NUMBER);

The procedure cannot be modified. Once a procedure has

been created, the number of parameters cannot be changed.

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE someproc

(parm1 NUMBER, parm2 NUMBER);
(You do not need to repeat the detailed code of the procedure, only the header)

REPLACE PROCEDURE someproc

(parm1 NUMBER, parm2 NUMBER)
IS

54
BEGIN ...

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE MYPROC

(parm1 NUMBER, parm2 NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN ... (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

18. You want to create a procedure named SOMEPROC which accepts a

single parameter named SOMEPARM. The parameter can be up to 100 characters long.
Which of the following is correct syntax to do this? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CREATE PROCEDURE someproc

(someparm varchar2)
IS
BEGIN ...
(*)

CREATE PROCEDURE someproc

(someparm varchar2(100) )
IS
BEGIN...

CREATE PROCEDURE someproc

IS
(someparm VARCHAR2)
BEGIN...

CREATE PROCEDURE someproc

someparm varchar2(100);
IS
BEGIN...

CREATE PROCEDURE someproc

(someparm 100)
IS
BEGIN ...

Correct

19. Which of the following statements about actual parameters is NOT

true? Mark for Review
(1) Points

55
 An actual parameter is declared in the calling
environment, not in the called procedure

An actual parameter must be the name of a variable (*)

An actual parameter can have a Boolean datatype

The datatypes of an actual parameter and its formal

parameter must be compatible

An actual parameter can have a TIMESTAMP datatype

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

20. Which of the following can NOT be used as the datatype of a procedure
parameter? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A non-SQL datatype such as BOOLEAN

The name of another procedure (*)

A large object datatype such as CLOB

A PLSQL record defined using %ROWTYPE

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

21. Which of the following is NOT correct coding for a procedure parameter? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

(p_param IN VARCHAR2)

(p_param VARCHAR2)

(p_param VARCHAR2(50)) (*)

(p_param employees.last_name%TYPE)

(p_param IN OUT VARCHAR2)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

22. You have created the following procedure:

56
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE double_it
(p_param IN OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
p_param := p_param * 2;
END;
Which of the following anonymous blocks invokes this procedure successfully? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

BEGIN
EXECUTE double_it(20);
END;

BEGIN
SELECT double_it(20)
FROM DUAL;
END;

DECLARE
v_result NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
v_result := double_it(20);
END;

DECLARE
v_result NUMBER(6) := 20;
BEGIN
double_it(v_result);
END; (*)

BEGIN
double_it(20);
END;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

23. User REYHAN creates the following procedure: CREATE

PROCEDURE proc1 AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS v_count NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT
COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM tom.employees; END; User BILL wants to execute this
procedure. What privileges will BILL need? Mark for Review
(1) Points

EXECUTE on REYHAN.PROC1 and SELECT on

TOM.EMPLOYEES (*)

EXECUTE on REYHAN.PROC1

57
 SELECT on TOM.EMPLOYEES

BILL needs no privileges

None of the above. The procedure will fail to compile

because REYHAN does not have SELECT privilege on TOM.EMPLOYEES.

Correct

24. How do you specify that you want a procedure MYPROCA to use
Invoker's Rights? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproca

AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS...

(*)

Invoker's Rights are the default, therefore no extra code

is needed.

GRANT INVOKER TO myprocA;

ALTER PROCEDURE myproca TO INVOKER;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproca

AUTHID OWNER IS...

Correct

25. Which of the following best describes a PL/SQL exception? Mark

for Review
(1) Points

A user enters an invalid password while trying to log on

to the database.

An error occurs during execution which disrupts the

normal operation of the program. (*)

A DML statement does not modify any rows.

58
 The programmer makes a spelling mistake while writiing
the PL/SQL code.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

26. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of including an exception handler in a
PL/SQL block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Protects the database from errors

Code is more readable because error-handling routines

can be written in the same block in which the error occurred

Prevents errors from occurring (*)

Avoids costly and time-consuming correction of

mistakes

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

27. Which of the following EXCEPTION sections are constructed

correctly? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN statement_1;
WHEN OTHERS THEN statement_2;
END;

(*)

EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN statement_2;
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN statement_1;
END;

EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN statement_1;
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN statement_2;
WHEN OTHERS THEN statement_3;
END;

EXCEPTION

59
 WHEN OTHERS THEN statement_1;
END;

(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

28. The following EXCEPTION section is constructed correctly. True or

False?

EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND OR TOO_MANY_ROWS
THEN statement_1;
statement_2;
WHEN OTHERS
THEN statement_3;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct

29. Examine the following code which shows three levels of nested block.
What is the scope of the variable v_middle_var?

DECLARE -- outer block

v_outer_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE -- middle block
v_middle_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE -- inner block
v_inner_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
...
END;
END;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

All three blocks

Middle and outer blocks only

60
 Middle and inner blocks only (*)

Middle block only

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

30. The following code does not violate any constraints and will not raise
an ORA-02292 error. What will happen when the code is executed?

BEGIN
DECLARE
e_constraint_violation EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_constraint_violation, -2292);
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inner block message');
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_constraint_violation THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outer block message');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

Inner block message' will be displayed.

The code will fail because the exception is declared in

the inner block but is referenced in the outer block. (*)

Outer block message' will be displayed.

The code will fail because line 4 should read: PRAGMA

EXCEPTION_INIT(-2292, e_constraint_violation);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

31. The following code will execute correctly. True or False?

DECLARE
v_myvar1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_myvar2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar1 := 100;
END;
v_myvar2 := 100; v END; Mark for Review

61
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

32. There are no employees in department 75. What will be displayed when
this code is executed?

DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A');
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name
FROM employees WHERE department_id = 75;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('B');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('C');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('D');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

A
C
D

A
D

(*)

A
B
D

None of the above

62
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

33. What will happen when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
e_outer_excep EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
DECLARE
e_inner_excep EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
RAISE e_outer_excep;
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_outer_excep THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outer raised');
WHEN e_inner_excep THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inner raised');
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

The code will fail to compile because e_inner_excep

cannot be referenced in the outer block. (*)

The code will propagate the e_outer_excep back to the

calling environment.

The code will execute successfully and 'Outer Raised'

will be displayed.

The code will fail to compile because e_inner_excep was

declared but never RAISEd.

Correct

34. Which of the following will display the value 'Smith'? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

<<outer>>
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Smith';
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Jones';
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name);

63
 END;
END;

<<outer>>
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Smith';
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Jones';
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(<<outer>>.v_name);
END;
END;

<<outer>>
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Smith';
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Jones';
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(outer.v_name);
END;
END;

(*)

<<outer>>
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Smith';
BEGIN
<<inner>>
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(10) := 'Jones';
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name);
END;
END;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 6.

35. One PL./SQL subprogram can be invoked from within many

applications. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

64
 True (*)

False

Correct
36. A programmer wants to create a PL/SQL procedure named EMP_PROC. What will
happen when the following code is executed?

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_proc IS

v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The salary is: ' || v_salary);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

The statement will raise a NO_DATA_FOUND

exception because employee_id 999 does not exist.

The statement will fail because the last line of code

should be END emp_proc;

The statement will fail because you cannot declare

variables such as v_salary inside a procedure.

The procedure will be created successfully. (*)

The statement will fail because the procedure does not

have any parameters.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

37. Which of the following are characteristics of PL/SQL stored

procedures? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

They are named PL/SQL blocks (*)

They must return exactly one value to the calling

environment.

They can have an exception section. (*)

65
 They can be invoked from inside a SQL statement.

They can accept parameters. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

38. A stored PL/SQL procedure can be invoked from which of the

following?

A PL/SQL anonymous block

Another PL/SQL procedure
A calling application Mark for Review
(1) Points

A only

A and B

A and C

A, B and C (*)

B and C

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

39. A programmer creates a PL/SQL subprogram which is compiled and

stored in the database. Two separate users then execute an application which invokes this
subprogram four times. How many times must the subprogram be recompiled? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

Twice

Four times

None (*)

Eight times

Once

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

66
 40. Which of the following are characteristics of PL/SQL subprograms but
not of anonymous PL/SQL blocks? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Can take parameters (*)

Are stored in the database (*)

Can begin with the keyword DECLARE

Are named (*)

Are compiled every time they are executed

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7

41. You have created a function named IS_LEAPYEAR that accepts one IN parameter of
datatype DATE and returns a Boolean value (TRUE or FALSE) depending on whether the
date is in a leap year. What is wrong with this query:

SELECT last_name, hire_date

FROM employees
WHERE is_leapyear(hire_date)=TRUE; Mark for Review
(1) Points

The IS_LEAPYEAR function must be in the SELECT

clause, not the WHERE clause.

You cannot use DATE and BOOLEAN datatypes in the

same function.

The SELECT statement returns more than one row.

IS_LEAPYEAR is a reserved word in the SQL language.

The function returns a Boolean, and therefore cannot be

used within a SELECT statement. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

42. Which of the following are NOT allowed in a function which is used
inside a SQL statement which updates the EMPLOYEES table? (Choose two). Mark for
Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

67
 SELECT .... FROM departments ....;

COMMIT; (*)

A RETURN statement.

DDL statements such as CREATE or ALTER. (*)

A WHEN OTHERS exception handler.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

43. Which one of the following statements about user-defined functions is

NOT true? Mark for Review
(1) Points

They can execute spell-checking routines.

They can be used inside SQL statements.

They can be combined (nested) together, similar to

nesting system functions, for example INITCAP(SUBSTR( .....)).

They can return a TIMESTAMP datatype.

They can allow you to COMMIT from inside a SELECT

statement. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

44. Which parameter mode is the default? Mark for Review

(1) Points

IN (*)

OUT

NUMBER

VARIABLE

CONSTANT

Correct

68
 45. What are the type of parameter modes? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CHARACTER, NUMBER, DATE, BOOLEAN

CONSTANT, VARIABLE, DEFAULT

LOCAL, GLOBAL, BOTH

IN, OUT, IN OUT (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

46. The following procedure has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc

(A IN NUMBER := 20,
B IN NUMBER,
C IN NUMBER DEFAULT 30)
IS .....
Which of the following will invoke the procedure correctly? Mark for Review
(1) Points

myproc(40);

myproc(10, B => 30, 50);

myproc(C => 25);

All of the above

None of the above (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

47. The following procedure has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE defproc

(A IN NUMBER := 50,
B IN NUMBER,
C IN NUMBER DEFAULT 40)
IS .....
Which one of the following will invoke the procedure correctly? Mark for Review
(1) Points

defproc(30 => A);

69
 defproc(30, 60 => C);

defproc(40, 70); (*)

defproc(10 => A, 25 => C);

defproc;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 7.

48. You want to see the names, modes and data types of the formal
parameters of function MY_FUNC in your schema. How can you do this? (Choose two)
Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Query USER_PARAMETERS

Query USER_SOURCE (*)

Query USER_FUNCTIONS

SHOW PARAMETER my_funct;

DESCRIBE my_funct; (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

49. Examine the following code: CREATE PROCEDURE parent

IS BEGIN
child1;
child2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN NULL;
END parent;

Neither CHILD1 nor CHILD2 has an exception handler.

When PARENT is invoked, CHILD1 raises a NO_DATA_FOUND exception. What happens
next? Mark for Review
(1) Points

PARENT handles the exception, then CHILD1 continues

to execute.

70
 CHILD1 ends abruptly. PARENT handles the exception
and then ends. CHILD2 does not execute. (*)

CHILD1 ends abruptly, PARENT handles the exception,

then CHILD2 executes.

CHILD1 ends abruptly, PARENT also ends abruptly and

returns an unhandled exception.

PARENT does not compile because you cannot use

NULL; in an exception handler.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

50. Which Data Dictionary view can be used to display the detailed code of
a procedure in your schema? Mark for Review
(1) Points

USER_PROCEDURES

USER_OBJECTS

USER_SOURCE (*)

USER_SUBPROGRAMS

None of the above.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 8.

1. Which of the following methods can be used to query CLOB data

values? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

SELECT (*)

DBMS_LOB.PUT

DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH

DBMS_LOB.READ (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

71
 2. You need to store very large amounts of text data in a table column
inside the database. Which datatype should you use for this column? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CLOB (*)

BLOB

LONG

VARCHAR2(4000)

None of the above

Correct

3. Table NEWEMP contains a PHOTO_ID column of datatype LONG

RAW. Which of the following will convert this column to a suitable new LOB datatype?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

ALTER TABLE newemp COLUMN (photo_id BLOB);

ALTER TABLE newemp MODIFY (photo_id BFILE);

ALTER TABLE newemp MODIFY (photo_id BLOB);

(*)

ALTER TABLE newemp DROP COLUMN (photo_id);

ALTER TABLE newemp ADD (photo_id BLOB);

ALTER TABLE newemp COLUMN (photo_id LONG

RAW);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

4. Which of the following best describes the difference between BLOB

and BFILE data? Mark for Review
(1) Points

72
 A BLOB can contain text data while a BFILE cannot.

BLOB data is stored inside the database, while BFILE

data is outside the database in separate operating system files. (*)

The maximum size of a BLOB is 2GB; a BFILE can be

up to 128TB if needed.

A table can contain several BLOB columns but only one

BFILE column.

There is no difference between a BLOB and a BFILE.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

5. The JOB_APPLICANTS table contains two columns:

(applicant_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
resume CLOB)

For applicant_id 100, we want to modify the value of the RESUME column value from "I
worked for Oracle" to "I worked for Oracle for five years".

Which of the following will do this successfully? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

UPDATE job_applicants
SET SUBSTR(resume, 21,14) = 'for five years'
WHERE candidate_id = 100;

UPDATE job_applicants
SET resume = 'I worked for Oracle for five years'
WHERE candidate_id = 100;

(*)

DECLARE
v_locator CLOB;
BEGIN
v_locator := 'I worked for Oracle for five years';
UPDATE job_applicants
SET resume = DBMS_LOB.WRITE(v_locator)
WHERE candidate_id = 100;
END;

73
 DECLARE
v_lobloc CLOB;
BEGIN
SELECT resume INTO v_lobloc FROM job_applicants
WHERE applicant_id = 100;
DBMS_LOB.WRITE(v_lobloc,14,21,'for five years');
END;

(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

6. Which of the following must be used to populate a BFILE column with a locator
value? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The DBMS_LOB.FILEGETNAME procedure

The DBMS_LOB.BFILENAME function

The BFILENAME function (*)

The BFILELOCATOR function

The DBMS_LOB.FILOPEN procedure

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

7. The database administrator has created a directory as follows:

CREATE DIRECTORY filesdir AS 'C:\BFILEDIR';

How would the DBA allow all database users to query the BFILEs in this directory? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

GRANT READ ON filesdir TO PUBLIC;

GRANT READ ON DIRECTORY filesdir TO PUBLIC;

(*)

GRANT SELECT ON filesdir TO PUBLIC;

GRANT QUERY ON DIRECTORY filesdir TO

PUBLIC;

GRANT READ ON 'C:\BFILEDIR' TO PUBLIC;

74
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

8. The BIGEMP table contains a RESUME column of datatype BFILE,

which has been populated with locator values. The following code reads a BFILE locator
value into a variable, then checks whether the BFILE itself exists in the operating system
directory. If the file is present, the code opens the file and reads its contents. What should be
coded at Point A?

DECLARE
v_locator BFILE;
BEGIN
SELECT resume INTO v_locator FROM bigemp
WHERE employee_id = 100;
-- Point A
DBMS_LOB.FILEOPEN(v_locator);
DBMS_LOB.READ(v_locator, ....); ....
DBMS_LOB.FILECLOSE(v_locator);
END IF;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

IF BFILENAME(v_locator) EXISTS THEN

IF DBMS_LOB.FILEEXISTS(v_locator) = 1 THEN (*)

IF DBMS_LOB.FILEEXISTS(v_locator) THEN

IF DBMS_LOB.FILEEXISTS THEN

IF BFILEEXISTS(v_locator) THEN

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

9. A PL/SQL package named MYPACK declares a record type named

MYTYPE as a public variable in the package specification. Which of the following
anonymous blocks successfully declares a local variable of datatype MYTYPE? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
v_myrec IS RECORD mypack.mytype;
BEGIN ...

DECLARE
v_myrec mypack.mytype;

75
BEGIN ...

(*)

DECLARE
v_myrec mytype;
BEGIN ...

DECLARE
v_myrec IS RECORD (mypack.mytype);
BEGIN ...

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

10. Which of the following will declare a composite PL/SQL data type
named COMPO_TYPE, containing two fields named FIELD1 and FIELD2? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
compo_type
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

DECLARE
TYPE compo_type IS
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

DECLARE
TYPE compo_type IS RECORD
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

(*)

DECLARE
compo_type IS RECORD
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

76
11. Which of the following PL/SQL data structures can store a collection? (Choose two.)
Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

An INDEX BY table (*)

A record

%ROWTYPE

An INDEX BY table of records (*)

A BLOB

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

12. An INDEX BY table of records can store a maximum of 255 records.

True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

13. Which of the following successfully declares an INDEX BY table

named DEPT_NAMES_TAB, which could be used to store all the department names from the
DEPARTMENTS table? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
TYPE t_dnames IS TABLE OF
departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY INTEGER;
dept_names_tab t_dnames;

DECLARE
TYPE t_dnames IS TABLE OF
departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
dept_names_tab t_dnames;

77
(*)

DECLARE
TYPE t_dnames IS TABLE OF
departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
dept_names_tab t_dnames%TYPE;

DECLARE
TYPE t_dnames IS TABLE OF
department_name
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
dept_names_tab t_dnames;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

14. Which of the following will display the number of invalid package
bodies in your schema? Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_objects

WHERE object_type = 'PACKAGE BODY'
AND status = 'INVALID';

(*)

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_dependencies

WHERE type = 'PACKAGE BODY'
AND status = 'INVALID';

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_packages

WHERE status = 'INVALID';

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_objects

WHERE object_type LIKE 'PACKAGE%'
AND status = 'INVALID';

Correct

78
 15. A SELECT from the DEPTREE table displays table LOCATIONS at
nested level 0 and procedure LOCPROC at nested level 2. This shows that LOCPROC is
directly dependent on LOCATIONS. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

16. A procedure includes the following code:

CURSOR loc_curs IS SELECT location_id, city, country_id FROM locations;

Which of the following changes to the LOCATIONS table will allow the procedure to be
recompiled successfully without editing its code? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

RENAME locations TO new_locations;

ALTER TABLE locations ADD (climate

VARCHAR2(30)); (*)

ALTER TABLE locations DROP COLUMN city;

ALTER TABLE locations DROP COLUMN

postal_code; (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

17. User BOB wants to know which objects reference his

DEPARTMENTS table. Which of the following must he execute to populate the
DEPTREE_TEMPTAB table? Mark for Review
(1) Points

BEGIN
utldtree('DEPARTMENTS');
END;

BEGIN
deptree_fill('TABLE','BOB','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

(*)

79
 BEGIN
deptree_fill('TABLE','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

BEGIN
ideptree('TABLE','BOB','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

18. When a table is dropped, all PL/SQL subprograms that reference the
table are automatically dropped. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

19. Which of the following is NOT created when the utldtree.sql script is
run? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The DEPTREE view

The DEPTREE_FILL procedure

The USER_DEPENDENCIES view (*)

The DEPTREE_TEMPTAB table

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

20. Which of the following will display dependency information which has
been generated by executing the DEPTREE_FILL procedure? (Choose two.) Mark for
Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

80
 The USER_DEPENDENCIES view

The DEPTREE view (*)

The UTLDTREE script

The DISPLAY_DEPTREE view

The IDEPTREE view (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

2
1. Which of the following PL/SQL data structures can store a collection? (Choose two.)
Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

An INDEX BY table (*)

A record

%ROWTYPE

An INDEX BY table of records (*)

81
 A BLOB

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

2. The following code declares an INDEX BY table and populates it with

employees' salaries, using the employee_id as the BINARY_INTEGER index of the table:

DECLARE
TYPE t_emp_sals IS TABLE OF employees.salary%TYPE
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
emp_sals_tab t_emp_sals;
BEGIN
FOR v_emprec IN (SELECT employee_id, salary FROM employees)
LOOP
-- Line A
END LOOP;
END;

What must be coded at Line A? Mark for Review

(1) Points

emp_sals_tab(employee_id) := v_emprec.salary;

t_emp_sals(v_emprec.employee_id) := v_emprec.salary;

emp_sals_tab(v_emprec.employee_id) :=
v_emprec.salary; (*)

emp_sals_tab(i) := v_emprec.salary;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

3. We want to store a complete copy of the DEPARTMENTS table (all the

rows and all the columns) in a single PL/SQL variable. Which of the following kinds of
variable could we use? Mark for Review
(1) Points

An INDEX BY table

A record

An INDEX BY table of records (*)

A CLOB

82
 An explicit cursor

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

4. Which of the following statements about LOB column datatypes is

NOT true? Mark for Review
(1) Points

BFILE data is stored outside the database.

One table can contain only one LONG or LONG RAW

column.

CLOB is a deprecated datatype; LONG should be used

instead. (*)

Binary (non-text) data can be stored in a BLOB column

but not in a CLOB column.

A LONG RAW column can store up to 2GB of data.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

5. BLOB, JPEG, BFILE and MP3 are all LOB column datatypes. True or
False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

6. You need to store very large amounts of text data in a table column inside the
database. Which datatype should you use for this column? Mark for Review
(1) Points

CLOB (*)

BLOB

LONG

VARCHAR2(4000)

None of the above

83
 Correct

7. CLOB and BLOB are internal LOB datatypes, while BFILE is an

external LOB datatype. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct

8. Which of the following methods can be used to query CLOB data

values? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

SELECT (*)

DBMS_LOB.PUT

DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH

DBMS_LOB.READ (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

9. BFILEs are stored outside the database and can be queried and updated
by using procedures in DBMS_LOB. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

10. Which of the following statements about BFILEs are NOT true?
(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

84
 (Choose all correct answers)

They are stored outside the database.

We can read BFILE data using the DBMS_LOB

package.

We can grant SELECT object privilege on them. (*)

We can read BFILE data in a SELECT statement. (*)

The database contains a locator which points to the

external BFILE.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

11. You have created several directory objects in the database, as pointers to operating
system directories which contain BFILEs. Which data dictionary view would you query to see
these directories? Mark for Review
(1) Points

USER_DIRECTORIES

USER_BFILES

ALL_DIRECTORIES (*)

USER_EXTERNAL_FILES

ALL_BFILES

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

12. Package ED_PACK has declared a record type named ED_TYPE in the
package specification. Which of the following anonymous blocks successfully declares a
variable whose datatype is ED_TYPE? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
v_ed_rec IS RECORD ed_pack.ed_type;
BEGIN ...

DECLARE
v_ed_rec ed_pack.ed_type;
BEGIN ...

85
(*)

DECLARE
v_ed_rec ed_pack.ed_type%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN...

DECLARE
v_ed_rec ed_pack.ed_type%TYPE;
BEGIN ...

None of the above. Variables of datatype ED_TYPE can

be declared only within ED_PACK, not in separate subprograms or anonymous blocks.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

13. A PL/SQL package named MYPACK declares a record type named

MYTYPE as a public variable in the package specification. Which of the following
anonymous blocks successfully declares a local variable of datatype MYTYPE? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
v_myrec IS RECORD mypack.mytype;
BEGIN ...

DECLARE
v_myrec mypack.mytype;
BEGIN ...

(*)

DECLARE
v_myrec mytype;
BEGIN ...

DECLARE
v_myrec IS RECORD (mypack.mytype);
BEGIN ...

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

86
 14. A single procedure can be both a referenced object and a dependent
object. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct

15. Package EMPPACK contains a public procedure GET_EMP, which

contains a reference to the EMPLOYEES table. Procedure CALL_EMP invokes
EMPPACK.GET_EMP. The following SQL statement is executed:

ALTER TABLE employees ADD (gender CHAR(1));

Which one of the following statements is true? Mark for Review

(1) Points

The specification and body of EMPPACK are

invalidated, but CALL_EMP remains valid.

The body of EMPPACK is invalidated, but the

specification remains valid. (*)

EMPPACK.GET_EMP is invalidated, but other

procedures in EMPPACK remain valid.

Nothing is invalidated because the PL/SQL code does

not reference the GENDER column.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

16. The PL/SQL variable V_LAST_NAME is used to store fetched values of the
LAST_NAME column of the EMPLOYEES table. To minimize dependency failures, the
variable should be declared as:

v_last_name VARCHAR2(25);

True or False? Mark for Review

(1) Points

True

False (*)

87
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

17. Which of the following techniques will make it more likely that an
invalidated PL/SQL subprogram will recompile successfully? (Choose two.) Mark for
Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Declaring record structures using %ROWTYPE (*)

Using a cursor FOR loop instead of opening and closing

the cursor explicitly

SELECTing a list of column-names instead of using

SELECT *

Including a column list with INSERT statements (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

18. User BOB wants to know which objects reference his

DEPARTMENTS table. Which of the following must he execute to populate the
DEPTREE_TEMPTAB table? Mark for Review
(1) Points

BEGIN
utldtree('DEPARTMENTS');
END;

BEGIN
deptree_fill('TABLE','BOB','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

(*)

BEGIN
deptree_fill('TABLE','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

BEGIN
ideptree('TABLE','BOB','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

88
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

19. When a table is dropped, all PL/SQL subprograms that reference the
table are automatically dropped. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

20. Which of the following is NOT created when the utldtree.sql script is
run? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The DEPTREE view

The DEPTREE_FILL procedure

The USER_DEPENDENCIES view (*)

The DEPTREE_TEMPTAB table

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

3
1. An INDEX BY table of records can store a maximum of 255 records. True or False?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

2. We want to store a complete copy of the DEPARTMENTS table (all the

rows and all the columns) in a single PL/SQL variable. Which of the following kinds of
variable could we use? Mark for Review

89
 (1) Points

An INDEX BY table

A record

An INDEX BY table of records (*)

A CLOB

An explicit cursor

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

3. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR emp_curs IS
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name FROM employees;
TYPE t_mytype IS TABLE OF -- Point A
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
v_mytab t_mytype;

Which of the following can be coded at Point A? Mark for Review

(1) Points

employees%ROWTYPE

employees.salary%TYPE

emp_curs%ROWTYPE

Any one of the above (*)

None of the above

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

4. Which of the following will declare a composite PL/SQL data type

named COMPO_TYPE, containing two fields named FIELD1 and FIELD2? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
compo_type
(field1 NUMBER,

90
 field2 VARCHAR2(30));

DECLARE
TYPE compo_type IS
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

DECLARE
TYPE compo_type IS RECORD
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

(*)

DECLARE
compo_type IS RECORD
(field1 NUMBER,
field2 VARCHAR2(30));

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

5. Package ED_PACK has declared a record type named ED_TYPE in the

package specification. Which of the following anonymous blocks successfully declares a
variable whose datatype is ED_TYPE? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DECLARE
v_ed_rec IS RECORD ed_pack.ed_type;
BEGIN ...

DECLARE
v_ed_rec ed_pack.ed_type;
BEGIN ...

(*)

DECLARE
v_ed_rec ed_pack.ed_type%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN...

DECLARE
v_ed_rec ed_pack.ed_type%TYPE;
BEGIN ...

91
 None of the above. Variables of datatype ED_TYPE can
be declared only within ED_PACK, not in separate subprograms or anonymous blocks.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

6. Which of the following must be used to populate a BFILE column with a locator
value? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The DBMS_LOB.FILEGETNAME procedure

The DBMS_LOB.BFILENAME function

The BFILENAME function (*)

The BFILELOCATOR function

The DBMS_LOB.FILOPEN procedure

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

7. You have created several directory objects in the database, as pointers

to operating system directories which contain BFILEs. Which data dictionary view would you
query to see these directories? Mark for Review
(1) Points

USER_DIRECTORIES

USER_BFILES

ALL_DIRECTORIES (*)

USER_EXTERNAL_FILES

ALL_BFILES

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

8. BFILEs are stored outside the database and can be queried and updated
by using procedures in DBMS_LOB. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

92
 False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

9. Which of the following methods can be used to query CLOB data

values? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

SELECT (*)

DBMS_LOB.PUT

DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH

DBMS_LOB.READ (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

10. BLOB, JPEG, BFILE and MP3 are all LOB column datatypes. True or
False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

11. Which of the following statements about LOB column datatypes is NOT true? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

BFILE data is stored outside the database.

One table can contain only one LONG or LONG RAW

column.

CLOB is a deprecated datatype; LONG should be used

instead. (*)

Binary (non-text) data can be stored in a BLOB column

but not in a CLOB column.

93
 A LONG RAW column can store up to 2GB of data.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

12. Table NEWEMP contains a PHOTO_ID column of datatype LONG

RAW. Which of the following will convert this column to a suitable new LOB datatype?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

ALTER TABLE newemp COLUMN (photo_id BLOB);

ALTER TABLE newemp MODIFY (photo_id BFILE);

ALTER TABLE newemp MODIFY (photo_id BLOB);

(*)

ALTER TABLE newemp DROP COLUMN (photo_id);

ALTER TABLE newemp ADD (photo_id BLOB);

ALTER TABLE newemp COLUMN (photo_id LONG

RAW);

Incorrect. Refer to Section 11.

13. A LONG column can be converted to CLOB using a single ALTER

TABLE command. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct

14. A procedure includes the following code:

CURSOR loc_curs IS SELECT location_id, city, country_id FROM locations;

94
Which of the following changes to the LOCATIONS table will allow the procedure to be
recompiled successfully without editing its code? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

RENAME locations TO new_locations;

ALTER TABLE locations ADD (climate

VARCHAR2(30)); (*)

ALTER TABLE locations DROP COLUMN city;

ALTER TABLE locations DROP COLUMN

postal_code; (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

15. Which of the following will display dependency information which has
been generated by executing the DEPTREE_FILL procedure? (Choose two.) Mark for
Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

The USER_DEPENDENCIES view

The DEPTREE view (*)

The UTLDTREE script

The DISPLAY_DEPTREE view

The IDEPTREE view (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

16. Which of the following techniques will make it more likely that an invalidated
PL/SQL subprogram will recompile successfully? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Declaring record structures using %ROWTYPE (*)

Using a cursor FOR loop instead of opening and closing

the cursor explicitly

95
 SELECTing a list of column-names instead of using
SELECT *

Including a column list with INSERT statements (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

17. Which of the following will display the number of invalid package
bodies in your schema? Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_objects

WHERE object_type = 'PACKAGE BODY'
AND status = 'INVALID';

(*)

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_dependencies

WHERE type = 'PACKAGE BODY'
AND status = 'INVALID';

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_packages

WHERE status = 'INVALID';

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_objects

WHERE object_type LIKE 'PACKAGE%'
AND status = 'INVALID';

Correct

18. Which of the following is NOT created when the utldtree.sql script is
run? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The DEPTREE view

The DEPTREE_FILL procedure

The USER_DEPENDENCIES view (*)

The DEPTREE_TEMPTAB table

96
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

19. Function FETCH_EMP references the EMPLOYEES table. The table is

modified by:
ALTER TABLE employees ADD (resume CLOB);

When will the ORACLE server try to recompile FETCH_EMP automatically? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

When the command ALTER FUNCTION fetch_emp

COMPILE; is executed

The next time a user session invokes FETCH_EMP (*)

When the RESUME column is dropped from the

EMPLOYEES table

When FETCH_EMP is dropped and recreated

Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.

20. User BOB wants to know which objects reference his

DEPARTMENTS table. Which of the following must he execute to populate the
DEPTREE_TEMPTAB table? Mark for Review
(1) Points

BEGIN
utldtree('DEPARTMENTS');
END;

BEGIN
deptree_fill('TABLE','BOB','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

(*)

BEGIN
deptree_fill('TABLE','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

BEGIN
ideptree('TABLE','BOB','DEPARTMENTS');
END;

97
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 12.
Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part 1

1. 1. Null
2. False
3. True
4. 0
Which of the above can be assigned to a Boolean variable?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

2 and 3

2, 3 and 4

1, 2 and 3 (*)

1, 2, 3 and 4

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

2. Which of the following declarations is invalid? Mark for

Review
(1) Points

v_count PLS_INTEGER:=0;

college_name VARCHAR2(20):='Harvard';

v_pages CONSTANT NUMBER; (*)

v_start_date DATE := sysdate+1;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

3. A variable must have a value if NOT NULL is specified. True or

False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

98
 4. Variables can be used in the following ways in a PL/SQL block.
(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

To store data values. (*)

To rename tables and columns.

To refer to a single data value several times. (*)

To comment code.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

5. Evaluate the following declaration. Determine whether or not

it is
legal.
DECLARE
maxsalary NUMBER(7) = 5000;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Correct.

Not correct. (*)

Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part 1

6. Is the following variable declaration correct or not ?

DECLARE
display_qty CONSTANT NUMBER;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Correct.

Not correct. (*)

Correct

7. Variables can be assigned a value in both the Executable and

Declaration sections of a PL/SQL program. True or False? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

99
 True (*)

False

Correct

8. Assignment statements can continue over several lines in

PL/SQL.
True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

9. Which of these are PL/SQL data types? (Choose three.) Mark

for
Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Scalar (*)

Identifier

Delimiter

Composite (*)

LOB (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

10. ______ are meant to store large amounts of data. Mark for
Review
(1) Points

Variables

Scalar data types

LOBs (*)

100
11. Which statement most closely describes "data type"? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

It is the value of a variable.

It specifies a storage format, constraints, and a valid range of

values for a variable. (*)

It allows different kinds of data to be stored in a single

variable.

It is used to test if errors have occurred.

Correct

12. You declare an implicit cursor in the DECLARE section of a

PL/SQL
block. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

13. There are no employees in Department 77. What will happen

when the
following block is executed?
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE department_id=77;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT)
END;

Mark for Review

(1) Points

A NO_DATA_FOUND exception is raised.

A NULL is displayed.

A zero (0) is displayed. (*)

An exception is raised because the block does not contain a

COMMIT
statement.

101
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

14. Which is the correct way to erase one row from a table? Mark
for
Review
(1) Points

REMOVE employee_id=100
FROM employees;

DROP TABLE employees

WHERE employee_id=100;

TRUNCATE employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

DELETE FROM employees

WHERE employee_id=100;
(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

15. Delimiters are _____ that have special meaning to the Oracle
database. Mark for Review
(1) Points

identifiers

variables

symbols (*)

Correct

16. Which of the following are PL/SQL lexical units? (Choose two.)
Mark
for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Identifiers (*)

102
 Table Columns

Reserved Words (*)

Anonymous Blocks

SQL Workshop

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

17. Which statements about lexical units are true? (Choose two.)
Mark
for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

They are named objects stored in the database

They are the building blocks of every PL/SQL program (*)

They are optional but can make a PL/SQL block execute faster

They are sequences of characters including letters, digits,

tabs,
returns and symbols (*)

Correct

18. Examine the following code. At Line A, we want to assign a

value
of 22 to the outer block's variable v_myvar. What code should we
write at
Line A?
<<outer_block>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
<<inner_block>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER := 15;
BEGIN
-- Line A
END;
END;

Mark for Review

(1) Points

103
 outer_block.v_myvar := 22; (*)

v_myvar := 22;

<<outer_block>>.v_myvar := 22;

v_myvar(outer_block) := 22;

We cannot reference the outer block's variable because both

variables
have the same name

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

19. What will be displayed when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
varA NUMBER := 12;
BEGIN
DECLARE
varB NUMBER := 8;
BEGIN
varA := varA + varB;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(varB);
END;

Mark for Review

(1) Points

12

Nothing, the block will fail with an error (*)

20

VarB

Correct

20. Examine the following code. Line A causes an exception. What

will
be displayed when the block is executed?
DECLARE
var_a NUMBER := 6;
var_b DATE;
BEGIN

104
 var_a := var_a * 2;
var_b := '28 December 2006'; -- Line A
var_a := var_a * 2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(var_a);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

12 (*)

24

Nothing will be displayed

Test: Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part I

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An

asterisk (*)
indicates a correct answer.

Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part 1

21. What will be displayed when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
x VARCHAR2(6) := 'Chang';
BEGIN
DECLARE
x VARCHAR2(12) := 'Susan';
BEGIN
x := x || x;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);
END;

Mark for Review

(1) Points

Susan

Chang (*)

ChangChang

SusanChang

The code will fail with an error

105
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

22. When an exception occurs within a PL/SQL block, the remaining

statements in the executable section of the block are skipped. True
or
False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

23. Which statements are optional in a PL/SQL block? (Choose

two.)
Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

DECLARE (*)

BEGIN

EXCEPTION (*)

END;

Correct

24. Every PL/SQL anonymous block must start with the keyword
DECLARE.
True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Correct

25. Which PL/SQL block type must return a value? Mark for Review
(1) Points

106
 Anonymous

Function (*)

Procedure

Correct

Test: Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part I

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An

asterisk (*)
indicates a correct answer.

Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part 1

26. What is the purpose of using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE in a PL/SQL

block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

To perform conditional tests

To allow a set of statements to be executed repeatedly

To display results to check if our code is working correctly (*)

To store new rows in the database

Correct

27. Errors are handled in the Exception part of the PL/SQL block.
True
or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct

28. Which keywords must be included in every PL/SQL block?

(Choose

107
two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

DECLARE

END; (*)

EXCEPTION

BEGIN (*)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE

Correct

29. In which part of the PL/SQL block are declarations of

variables
defined? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Executable

Exception

Declarative (*)

Definition

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

30. Which lines of code will correctly display the message "The
cat
sat on the mat"? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat sat on the mat'); (*)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(The cat sat on the mat);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat' || 'sat on the mat');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat sat ' || 'on the mat'); (*)

108
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

Test: Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part I

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An

asterisk (*)
indicates a correct answer.

Mid Term Exam Semester 1 - Part 1

31. When you use a function to convert data types in a PL/SQL

program,
it is called ______ conversion. Mark for Review
(1) Points

Explicit (*)

Implicit

TO_CHAR

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

32. The DECODE function is available in PL/SQL procedural

statements.
True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

33. What is wrong with this assignment statement?

myvar := 'To be or not to be';

'That is the question';

Mark for Review

(1) Points

An assignment statement must be a single line of code

Nothing is wrong, the statement is fine

109
 An assignment statement must have a single semicolon at the end
(*)

"myvar" is not a valid name for a variable

Character literals should not be enclosed in quotes

Correct

34. PL/SQL can convert a VARCHAR2 value containing alphabetic

characters to a NUMBER value. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

35. Single row character functions are valid SQL functions in

PL/SQL.
True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

36. If today's date is 14th June 2007, which statement will

correctly
convert today's date to the value: June 14, 2007 ? Mark for Review
(1) Points

TO_CHAR(sysdate)

TO_DATE(sysdate)

TO_DATE(sysdate,'Month DD, YYYY')

TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY') (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

110
 37. TO_NUMBER, TO_CHAR, and TO_DATE are all examples of: Mark
for
Review
(1) Points

Implicit conversion functions

Explicit conversion functions (*)

Character functions

Operators

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

38. What is the output when the following program is executed?

set serveroutput on
DECLARE
a VARCHAR2(10) := '333';
b VARCHAR2(10) := '444';
c PLS_INTEGER;
d VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
c := TO_NUMBER(a) + TO_NUMBER(b);
d := a || b;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(c);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Nothing. The code will result in an error.

c=777 and d=333444 (*)

c=777 and d=777

c=333444 and d=777

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

39. Which of the following are valid assignment statements?

(Choose
two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

111
 v_string = 'Hello';

v_string := Hello;

v_number := 17 + 34; (*)

v_string := 'Hello'; (*)

v_date := 28-DEC-06;

Correct

40. Examine the following code. What is the final value of

V_MYBOOL ?
DECLARE
v_mynumber NUMBER;
v_mybool BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
v_mynumber := 6;
v_mybool := (v_mynumber BETWEEN 10 AND 20);
v_mybool := NOT (v_mybool);
END;

Mark for Review

(1) Points

True (*)

False

41. The following code will return the last name of the employee
whose
employee id is equal to 100: True or False?
DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
employee_id employees.employee_id%TYPE := 100;
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
END;

Mark for Review

(1) Points

True

False (*)

112
 Correct

42. Which of the following is NOT a good guideline for retrieving

data
in PL/SQL? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Declare the receiving variables using %TYPE

The WHERE clause is optional in nearly all cases. (*)

Specify the same number of variables in the INTO clause as

database
columns in the SELECT clause.

THE SELECT statement should fetch exactly one row.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

43. A variable is declared as:

DECLARE
v_holdit employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN ...

Which of the following is a correct use of the INTO clause?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT *
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;
(*)

SELECT salary
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

113
 Correct

44. Given this first section of code:

DECLARE
v_result employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN

Which statement will always return exactly one value?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees;

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees
WHERE last_name ='Smith';

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80;

SELECT SUM(salary)
INTO v_result
FROM employees;
(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

45. Which one of these SQL statements can be directly included in

a
PL/SQL executable block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT last_name FROM employees

WHERE employee_id=100;

DESCRIBE employees;

114
 UPDATE employees
SET last_name='Smith';
(*)

DROP TABLE employees;

46. The following anonymous block of code is run:

BEGIN
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('XA', 'Xanadu');
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('NV','Neverland');
COMMIT;
COMMIT;
ROLLBACK;
END;

What happens when the block of code finishes?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

You have nothing new; the last ROLLBACK undid the INSERTs.

You have the rows added twice; there are four new rows.

You have the two new rows added. (*)

You get an error; you cannot COMMIT twice in a row.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

47. How many DML statements can be included in a single

transaction?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Only one

None. A transaction cannot include DML statements.

A maximum of four DML statements

As many as needed (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

115
 48. PL/SQL extends SQL by including all of the following except:
Mark
for Review
(1) Points

variables

conditional statements

reusable program units

constants

nonprocedural constructs (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

49. A program which specifies a list of operations to be

performed
sequentially to achieve the desired result can be called: Mark for
Review
(1) Points

declarative

nondeclarative

procedural (*)

low level

Correct

50. SQL is a common access language for many types of databases,

including Oracle. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

116
1. Which of the following declarations is invalid? Mark for Review
(1) Points

v_count PLS_INTEGER:=0;

college_name VARCHAR2(20):='Harvard';

v_pages CONSTANT NUMBER; (*)

v_start_date DATE := sysdate+1;

Correct Correct

2. Which of the following should NOT be used as the name of

a variable? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A table name.

A table column name. (*)

The database name.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

3. 1. Null
2. False
3. True
4. 0

Which of the above can be assigned to a Boolean variable?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

2 and 3

117
 2, 3 and 4

1, 2 and 3 (*)

1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Correct

4. The following anonymous block of code is run:

BEGIN
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('XA', 'Xanadu');
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('NV','Neverland');
COMMIT;
COMMIT;
ROLLBACK;
END;

What happens when the block of code finishes?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

You have nothing new; the last ROLLBACK undid the INSERTs.

You have the rows added twice; there are four new rows.

You have the two new rows added. (*)

You get an error; you cannot COMMIT twice in a row.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

5. Which of the following best describes a database

transaction? Mark for Review
(1) Points

118
 All the DML statements in a single PL/SQL block

A related set of SQL DML statements which must be executed either

completely or not at all (*)

A single SQL statement that updates multiple rows of a table

A SELECT statement based on a join of two or more database tables

Correct Correct

Page 1 of 10 Next Summary

6. Which of the following are valid identifiers? (Choose two.)

Mark
for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Full Name

students_street_address (*)

v_code (*)

#hours

completion_%

Correct Correct

7. Which of the following are valid identifiers? (Choose

two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

119
 (Choose all correct answers)

yesterday (*)

yesterday's date

number_of_students_in_the_class

v$testresult (*)

#students

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

8. Which of the following are PL/SQL lexical units? (Choose

two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Identifiers (*)

Table Columns

Reserved Words (*)

Anonymous Blocks

SQL Workshop

Correct Correct

9. What will be displayed when the following code is

executed?

120
DECLARE
varA NUMBER := 12;
BEGIN
DECLARE
varB NUMBER := 8;
BEGIN
varA := varA + varB;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(varB);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

12

Nothing, the block will fail with an error (*)

20

VarB

Correct Correct

10. In the following code, Line A causes an exception. What

value will be displayed when the code is executed?
DECLARE
outer_var VARCHAR2(50) := 'My';
BEGIN
outer_var := outer_var || ' name';
DECLARE
inner_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
inner_var := 'Mehmet'; -- Line A
outer_var := outer_var || ' is';
END;
outer_var := outer_var || ' Zeynep';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(outer_var);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

121
 My

My name (*)

My name is

My name is Zeynep

Correct Correct

Previous Page 2 of 10 Next Summary

11. When nested blocks are used, which blocks can or must be
labeled?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

The inner block must be labeled, the outer block can be labeled.

Both blocks must be labeled

Nested blocks cannot be labeled

The outer block must be labeled if it is to be referred to in the

inner block. (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

12. What will be displayed when the following code is

executed?

DECLARE
x VARCHAR2(6) := 'Chang';
BEGIN
DECLARE
x VARCHAR2(12) := 'Susan';
BEGIN
x := x || x;
END;

122
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Susan

Chang (*)

ChangChang

SusanChang

The code will fail with an error

Correct Correct

13. Examine the following code. At Line A, we want to assign

a value of 22 to the outer block's variable v_myvar. What code
should we
write at Line A?

<<outer_block>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
<<inner_block>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER := 15;
BEGIN
-- Line A
END;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

outer_block.v_myvar := 22; (*)

v_myvar := 22;

<<outer_block>>.v_myvar := 22;

123
 v_myvar(outer_block) := 22;

We cannot reference the outer block's variable because both

variables have the same name

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

14. Which one of these SQL statements can be directly

included in a PL/SQL executable block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

DELETE FROM employees

WHERE department_id=60;

(*)

SELECT salary FROM employees

WHERE department_id=60;

CREATE TABLE new_emps (last_name VARCHAR2(10), first_name

VARCHAR2(10));

DROP TABLE locations;

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

15. Which of the following is NOT a good guideline for

retrieving data in PL/SQL? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Declare the receiving variables using %TYPE

The WHERE clause is optional in nearly all cases. (*)

124
 Specify the same number of variables in the INTO clause as database
columns in the SELECT clause.

THE SELECT statement should fetch exactly one row.

Correct Correct

Previous Page 3 of 10 Next Summary

16. A variable is declared as:

DECLARE
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN

Which of the following is a correct use of the INTO clause?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT salary
INTO v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

(*)

SELECT v_salary
INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

SELECT salary
FROM employees
INTO v_salary;

SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100
INTO v_salary;

125
Correct Correct

17. Which rows will be deleted from the EMPLOYEES table when
the following code is executed?

DECLARE
salary employees.salary%TYPE := 12000;
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE salary > salary;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

All rows whose SALARY column value is greater than 12000.

All rows in the table.

No rows. (*)

All rows whose SALARY column value is equal to 12000.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

18. Which one of these SQL statements can be directly

included in a PL/SQL executable block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT last_name FROM employees

WHERE employee_id=100;

DESCRIBE employees;

UPDATE employees
SET last_name='Smith';

(*)

126
 DROP TABLE employees;

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

19. Evaluate the following declaration. Determine whether or

not it is legal.

DECLARE
maxsalary NUMBER(7) = 5000;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Correct.

Not correct. (*)

Correct Correct

20. Assignment statements can continue over several lines in

PL/SQL. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

Previous Page 4 of 10 Next Summary

21. When a variable is defined using the CONSTANT keyword, the
value of
the variable cannot change. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

127
 True (*)

False

Correct Correct

22. Variables can be used in the following ways in a PL/SQL

block. (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

To store data values. (*)

To rename tables and columns.

To refer to a single data value several times. (*)

To comment code.

Correct Correct

23. When a variable is defined using the NOT NULL keywords,

the variable must contain a value. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

24. PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 4GL

programming language. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

128
 True

False (*)

Correct Correct

25. A program which specifies a list of operations to be

performed sequentially to achieve the desired result can be called:
Mark for Review
(1) Points

declarative

nondeclarative

procedural (*)

low level

Correct Correct

Previous Page 5 of 10 Next Summary

26. Which of the following statements about PL/SQL and SQL is true?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

PL/SQL and SQL are both ANSI-compliant.

PL/SQL and SQL can be used with many types of databases, including
Oracle.

PL/SQL and SQL are both Oracle proprietary programming languages.

PL/SQL allows basic program logic and control flow to be combined

129
with SQL statements. (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

27. Which statements are optional in a PL/SQL block? (Choose

two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

DECLARE (*)

BEGIN

EXCEPTION (*)

END;

Correct Correct

28. What is the purpose of using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE in a

PL/SQL block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

To perform conditional tests

To allow a set of statements to be executed repeatedly

To display results to check if our code is working correctly (*)

To store new rows in the database

Correct Correct

130
 29. Which of the following tools can NOT be used to develop
and test PL/SQL code? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Oracle Jdeveloper

Oracle Application Express

Oracle JSQL (*)

Oracle iSQL*Plus

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

30. Given below are the parts of a PL/SQL block:

1. END;
2. EXCEPTION
3. DECLARE
4. BEGIN

Arrange the parts in order.

Mark for Review
(1) Points

2,1,4,3

3,4,2,1 (*)

3,2,4,1

4,3,2,1

Correct Correct

Previous Page 6 of 10 Next Summary

31. Every PL/SQL anonymous block must start with the keyword

131
DECLARE.
True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Correct Correct

32. Which lines of code will correctly display the message

"The cat sat on the mat"? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat sat on the mat'); (*)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(The cat sat on the mat);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat' || 'sat on the mat');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat sat ' || 'on the mat'); (*)

Correct Correct

33. Errors are handled in the Exception part of the PL/SQL

block. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

132
 34. Which component of Oracle Application Express is used to
enter and run SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Application Builder

SQL Workshop (*)

Utilities

Object Browser

Correct Correct

35. ______ are meant to store large amounts of data. Mark

for Review
(1) Points

Variables

Scalar data types

LOBs (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

Previous Page 7 of 10 Next Summary

36. What is the data type of the variable V_DEPT_TABLE in the
following
declaration?

DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF departments%ROWTYPE INDEX BY
PLS_INTEGER; v_dept_table dept_table_type; ...
Mark for Review
(1) Points

133
 Scalar

Composite (*)

LOB

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

37. Which of these are PL/SQL data types? (Choose three.)

Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Scalar (*)

Identifier

Delimiter

Composite (*)

LOB (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

38. What is the output when the following program is

executed?

set serveroutput on
DECLARE
a VARCHAR2(10) := '333';
b VARCHAR2(10) := '444';
c PLS_INTEGER;
d VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN

134
 c := TO_NUMBER(a) + TO_NUMBER(b);
d := a || b;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(c);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Nothing. The code will result in an error.

c=777 and d=333444 (*)

c=777 and d=777

c=333444 and d=777

Correct Correct

39. The implicit data type conversion at Point A may not

work correctly. Why not?

DECLARE
v_mydate DATE;
BEGIN
V_MYDATE := '29-Feb-04'; -- Point A
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

There are only 28 days in February

Oracle cannot implicitly convert a character string to a date, even

if the string contains a valid date value

If the database language is not English, 'Feb' has no meaning. (*)

V_MYDATE has been entered in uppercase

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

135
 40. If today's date is 14th June 2007, which statement will
correctly convert today's date to the value: June 14, 2007 ? Mark
for
Review
(1) Points

TO_CHAR(sysdate)

TO_DATE(sysdate)

TO_DATE(sysdate,'Month DD, YYYY')

TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY') (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

Previous Page 8 of 10 Next Summary

41. PL/SQL can convert a VARCHAR2 value containing alphabetic

characters to a NUMBER value. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Correct Correct

42. What is wrong with this assignment statement?

myvar := 'To be or not to be';

'That is the question';
Mark for Review
(1) Points

An assignment statement must be a single line of code

136
 Nothing is wrong, the statement is fine

An assignment statement must have a single semicolon at the end (*)

"myvar" is not a valid name for a variable

Character literals should not be enclosed in quotes

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

43. Examine the following code. What is the final value of

V_MYVAR ?

DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar := 1 + 2 * 3;
v_myvar := v_myvar * 2;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

81

49

14 (*)

18

Correct Correct

44. Which of the following are valid assignment statements?

(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

137
 (Choose all correct answers)

v_string = 'Hello';

v_string := Hello;

v_number := 17 + 34; (*)

v_string := 'Hello'; (*)

v_date := 28-DEC-06;

Correct Correct

45. Examine the following code. What is the final value of

V_MYBOOL ?

DECLARE
v_mynumber NUMBER;
v_mybool BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
v_mynumber := 6;
v_mybool := (v_mynumber BETWEEN 10 AND 20);
v_mybool := NOT (v_mybool);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

Previous Page 9 of 10 Next Summary

46. Examine the following code:

138
1 DECLARE
2 x NUMBER;
3 BEGIN
4 x:= '300';
5 END;

After line 4, what is the value of x?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

'300'

300 (*)

NULL

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

47. TO_NUMBER, TO_CHAR, and TO_DATE are all examples of:

Mark for Review
(1) Points

Implicit conversion functions

Explicit conversion functions (*)

Character functions

Operators

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

48. Assume there are 5 employees in Department 10. What

happens when the following statement is executed?

UPDATE employees
SET salary=salary*1.1;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

139
 All employees get a 10% salary increase. (*)

No rows are modified because you did not specify "WHERE

department_id=10"

A TOO_MANY_ROWS exception is raised.

An error message is displayed because you must use the INTO clause
to hold the new salary.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

49. You declare an implicit cursor in the DECLARE section of

a PL/SQL block. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

50. A PL/SQL block includes the following statement:

SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name

FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

What is the value of SQL%ISOPEN immediately after the SELECT

statement is
executed?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

140
 False (*)

Null

Error. That attribute does not apply for implicit cursors.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

Previous Page 10 of 10 Summary

1. Which of the following are valid identifiers? (Choose two.)

Mark
for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Full Name

students_street_address (*)

v_code (*)

#hours

completion_%

Correct Correct

2. Which of the following are PL/SQL lexical units? (Choose

two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Identifiers (*)

141
 Table Columns

Reserved Words (*)

Anonymous Blocks

SQL Workshop

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

3. Which statements about lexical units are true? (Choose

two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

They are named objects stored in the database

They are the building blocks of every PL/SQL program (*)

They are optional but can make a PL/SQL block execute faster

They are sequences of characters including letters, digits, tabs,

returns and symbols (*)

Correct Correct

4. Which of the following statements about PL/SQL and SQL

is true? Mark for Review
(1) Points

PL/SQL and SQL are both ANSI-compliant.

PL/SQL and SQL can be used with many types of databases, including
Oracle.

142
 PL/SQL and SQL are both Oracle proprietary programming languages.

PL/SQL allows basic program logic and control flow to be combined

with SQL statements. (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

5. SQL is a common access language for many types of

databases, including Oracle. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

Page 1 of 10 Next Summary

6. The P in PL/SQL stands for: Mark for Review

(1) Points

Processing

Procedural (*)

Primary

Proprietary

Correct Correct

7. When a variable is defined using the CONSTANT keyword,

143
the value of the variable cannot change. True or False? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

8. Variables can be assigned a value in both the Executable

and Declaration sections of a PL/SQL program. True or False? Mark
for
Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

9. Assignment statements can continue over several lines in

PL/SQL. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

10. Variables can be used in the following ways in a PL/SQL

block. (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

144
 (Choose all correct answers)

To store data values. (*)

To rename tables and columns.

To refer to a single data value several times. (*)

To comment code.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

11. Is the following variable declaration correct or not ?

DECLARE
display_qty CONSTANT NUMBER;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Correct.

Not correct. (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

12. There are no employees in Department 77. What will

happen when the following block is executed?
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE department_id=77;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT)
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

A NO_DATA_FOUND exception is raised.

A NULL is displayed.

145
 A zero (0) is displayed. (*)

An exception is raised because the block does not contain a COMMIT

statement.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

13. You declare an implicit cursor in the DECLARE section of

a PL/SQL block. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

14. Assume there are 5 employees in Department 10. What

happens when the following statement is executed?

UPDATE employees
SET salary=salary*1.1;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

All employees get a 10% salary increase. (*)

No rows are modified because you did not specify "WHERE

department_id=10"

A TOO_MANY_ROWS exception is raised.

An error message is displayed because you must use the INTO clause
to hold the new salary.

146
Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

15. Which of the following should NOT be used as the name of

a variable? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A table name.

A table column name. (*)

The database name.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

16. Which of the following declarations is invalid? Mark for

Review
(1) Points

v_count PLS_INTEGER:=0;

college_name VARCHAR2(20):='Harvard';

v_pages CONSTANT NUMBER; (*)

v_start_date DATE := sysdate+1;

Correct Correct

17. 1. Null
2. False
3. True
4. 0

Which of the above can be assigned to a Boolean variable?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

147
 2 and 3

2, 3 and 4

1, 2 and 3 (*)

1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Correct

18. What will be displayed when the following code is

executed?

DECLARE
varA NUMBER := 12;
BEGIN
DECLARE
varB NUMBER := 8;
BEGIN
varA := varA + varB;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(varB);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

12

Nothing, the block will fail with an error (*)

20

VarB

148
Correct Correct

19. When an exception occurs within a PL/SQL block, the

remaining statements in the executable section of the block are
skipped.
True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

20. When nested blocks are used, which blocks can or must be
labeled? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The inner block must be labeled, the outer block can be labeled.

Both blocks must be labeled

Nested blocks cannot be labeled

The outer block must be labeled if it is to be referred to in the

inner block. (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

Examine the following code. Line A causes an exception. What will
be displayed when the block is executed?

DECLARE
var_a NUMBER := 6;
var_b DATE;
BEGIN
var_a := var_a * 2;
var_b := '28 December 2006'; -- Line A
var_a := var_a * 2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN

149
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(var_a);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

12 (*)

24

Nothing will be displayed

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

22. An exception occurs within the inner block of two nested

blocks. The inner block does not have an EXCEPTION section. What
always
happens? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Both blocks fail and an error message is displayed by the calling

environment

The exception is propagated to the outer block (*)

Oracle automatically tries to re-execute the inner block

The user's database session is automatically disconnected

Correct Correct

23. A movie is an example of which category of data type?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

150
 Scalar

Composite

Reference

LOB (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

24. Which of these are PL/SQL data types? (Choose three.)

Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Scalar (*)

Identifier

Delimiter

Composite (*)

LOB (*)

Correct Correct

25. Which statement most closely describes "data type"?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

It is the value of a variable.

It specifies a storage format, constraints, and a valid range of

151
values for a variable. (*)

It allows different kinds of data to be stored in a single

variable.

It is used to test if errors have occurred.

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

26. Which of the following are disadvantages of implicit data type
conversions? (Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

The code is harder to read and understand (*)

You cannot store alphabetic characters in a variable of data type

NUMBER

If Oracle changes the conversion rules in the future, your code may
not work any more (*)

Oracle cannot implicitly convert a number value to a character

string

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

27. Which of the following are valid assignment statements?

(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

v_string = 'Hello';

v_string := Hello;

152
 v_number := 17 + 34; (*)

v_string := 'Hello'; (*)

v_date := 28-DEC-06;

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

28. The DECODE function is available in PL/SQL procedural

statements. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

29. The implicit data type conversion at Point A may not

work correctly. Why not?

DECLARE
v_mydate DATE;
BEGIN
V_MYDATE := '29-Feb-04'; -- Point A
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

There are only 28 days in February

Oracle cannot implicitly convert a character string to a date, even

if the string contains a valid date value

If the database language is not English, 'Feb' has no meaning. (*)

V_MYDATE has been entered in uppercase

153
Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

30. PL/SQL can convert a VARCHAR2 value containing

alphabetic characters to a NUMBER value. True or False? Mark for
Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

Previous Page 6 of 10 Next Summary

31. Examine the following code. What is the final value of V_MYBOOL
?

DECLARE
v_mynumber NUMBER;
v_mybool BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
v_mynumber := 6;
v_mybool := (v_mynumber BETWEEN 10 AND 20);
v_mybool := NOT (v_mybool);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

32. What is the output when the following program is

executed?

154
set serveroutput on
DECLARE
a VARCHAR2(10) := '333';
b VARCHAR2(10) := '444';
c PLS_INTEGER;
d VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
c := TO_NUMBER(a) + TO_NUMBER(b);
d := a || b;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(c);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Nothing. The code will result in an error.

c=777 and d=333444 (*)

c=777 and d=777

c=333444 and d=777

Correct Correct

33. TO_NUMBER, TO_CHAR, and TO_DATE are all examples of:

Mark for Review
(1) Points

Implicit conversion functions

Explicit conversion functions (*)

Character functions

Operators

Correct Correct

155
 34. If today's date is 14th June 2007, which statement will
correctly convert today's date to the value: June 14, 2007 ? Mark
for
Review
(1) Points

TO_CHAR(sysdate)

TO_DATE(sysdate)

TO_DATE(sysdate,'Month DD, YYYY')

TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY') (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

35. Examine the following code:

1 DECLARE
2 x NUMBER;
3 BEGIN
4 x:= '300';
5 END;

After line 4, what is the value of x?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

'300'

300 (*)

NULL

Correct Correct

156
Previous Page 7 of 10 Next Summary

36. How many DML statements can be included in a single

transaction?
Mark for Review
(1) Points

Only one

None. A transaction cannot include DML statements.

A maximum of four DML statements

As many as needed (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

37. The following anonymous block of code is run:

BEGIN
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('XA', 'Xanadu');
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('NV','Neverland');
COMMIT;
COMMIT;
ROLLBACK;
END;

What happens when the block of code finishes?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

You have nothing new; the last ROLLBACK undid the INSERTs.

You have the rows added twice; there are four new rows.

You have the two new rows added. (*)

You get an error; you cannot COMMIT twice in a row.

157
Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

38. Which of the following is NOT a good guideline for

retrieving data in PL/SQL? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Declare the receiving variables using %TYPE

The WHERE clause is optional in nearly all cases. (*)

Specify the same number of variables in the INTO clause as database

columns in the SELECT clause.

THE SELECT statement should fetch exactly one row.

Correct Correct

39. Which rows will be deleted from the EMPLOYEES table when
the following code is executed?

DECLARE
salary employees.salary%TYPE := 12000;
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE salary > salary;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

All rows whose SALARY column value is greater than 12000.

All rows in the table.

No rows. (*)

All rows whose SALARY column value is equal to 12000.

158
Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

40. Which one of these SQL statements can be directly

included in a PL/SQL executable block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT last_name FROM employees

WHERE employee_id=100;

DESCRIBE employees;

UPDATE employees
SET last_name='Smith';

(*)

DROP TABLE employees;

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

41. Given this first section of code:

DECLARE
v_result employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN

Which statement will always return exactly one value?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees;

SELECT salary
INTO v_result

159
FROM employees
WHERE last_name ='Smith';

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80;

SELECT SUM(salary)
INTO v_result
FROM employees;

(*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

42. A variable is declared as:

DECLARE
v_holdit employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN ...

Which of the following is a correct use of the INTO clause?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

SELECT *
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

(*)

160
 SELECT salary
INTO v_holdit
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

43. Errors are handled in the Exception part of the PL/SQL

block. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Correct Correct

44. In which part of the PL/SQL block are declarations of

variables defined? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Executable

Exception

Declarative (*)

Definition

Correct Correct

45. What kind of block is defined by the following PL/SQL

code?

161
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('My first quiz');
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

procedure

subroutine

function

anonymous (*)

Incorrect Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

46. Every PL/SQL anonymous block must start with

the keyword DECLARE. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Correct Correct

47. What is the purpose of using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE in a

PL/SQL block? Mark for Review
(1) Points

To perform conditional tests

To allow a set of statements to be executed repeatedly

To display results to check if our code is working correctly (*)

162
 To store new rows in the database

Correct Correct

48. Which statements are optional in a PL/SQL block? (Choose

two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

DECLARE (*)

BEGIN

EXCEPTION (*)

END;

Correct Correct

49. Which PL/SQL block type must return a value? Mark

for Review
(1) Points

Anonymous

Function (*)

Procedure

Correct Correct

50. Which of the following tools can NOT be used to develop

and test PL/SQL code? Mark for Review

163
(1) Points

Oracle Jdeveloper

Oracle Application Express

Oracle JSQL (*)

Oracle iSQL*Plus

Correct Correct

1. A PL/SQL block includes the following statement:

SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;
What is the value of SQL%ISOPEN immediately after the SELECT statement is executed?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

Null

Error. That attribute does not apply for implicit cursors.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

2. Assume there are 5 employees in Department 10. What happens when the
following statement is executed?
UPDATE employees
SET salary=salary*1.1;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
All employees get a 10% salary increase. (*)

No rows are modified because you did not specify "WHERE department_id=10"

A TOO_MANY_ROWS exception is raised.

An error message is displayed because you must use the INTO clause to hold the new
salary.

Correct

164
3. You declare an implicit cursor in the DECLARE section of a PL/SQL block. True
or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

4. Given this first section of code:
DECLARE
v_result employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
Which statement will always return exactly one value?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees;

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees
WHERE last_name ='Smith';

SELECT salary
INTO v_result
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80;

SELECT SUM(salary)
INTO v_result
FROM employees;
(*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

5. The following code will return the last name of the employee whose employee id
is equal to 100: True or False?
DECLARE
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
employee_id employees.employee_id%TYPE := 100;
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

165
 Correct
6. Which one of these SQL statements can be directly included in a PL/SQL
executable block? Mark for Review
(1) Points
SELECT last_name FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=100;

DESCRIBE employees;

UPDATE employees
SET last_name='Smith';
(*)

DROP TABLE employees;

Correct
7. Which of the following is NOT a good guideline for retrieving data in PL/SQL?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
Declare the receiving variables using %TYPE

The WHERE clause is optional in nearly all cases. (*)

Specify the same number of variables in the INTO clause as database columns in the
SELECT clause.

THE SELECT statement should fetch exactly one row.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

8. Which one of these SQL statements can be directly included in a PL/SQL
executable block? Mark for Review
(1) Points
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE department_id=60;
(*)

SELECT salary FROM employees

WHERE department_id=60;

CREATE TABLE new_emps (last_name VARCHAR2(10), first_name

VARCHAR2(10));

DROP TABLE locations;

Correct
9. What is the output when the following program is executed?
set serveroutput on
DECLARE
a VARCHAR2(10) := '333';

166
 b VARCHAR2(10) := '444';
c PLS_INTEGER;
d VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
c := TO_NUMBER(a) + TO_NUMBER(b);
d := a || b;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(c);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
Nothing. The code will result in an error.

c=777 and d=333444 (*)

c=777 and d=777

c=333444 and d=777

Correct
10. Single row character functions are valid SQL functions in PL/SQL. True or
False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True (*)

False

Correct
11. What is wrong with this assignment statement?
myvar := 'To be or not to be';

'That is the question';

Mark for Review
(1) Points
An assignment statement must be a single line of code

Nothing is wrong, the statement is fine

An assignment statement must have a single semicolon at the end (*)

"myvar" is not a valid name for a variable

Character literals should not be enclosed in quotes

Correct
12. Which of the following are valid assignment statements? (Choose two.)
Mark for Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
v_string = 'Hello';

167
v_string := Hello;

v_number := 17 + 34; (*)

v_string := 'Hello'; (*)

v_date := 28-DEC-06;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

13. The DECODE function is available in PL/SQL procedural statements. True or
False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

14. When you use a function to convert data types in a PL/SQL program, it is called
______ conversion. Mark for Review
(1) Points
Explicit (*)

Implicit

TO_CHAR

Correct
15. TO_NUMBER, TO_CHAR, and TO_DATE are all examples of: Mark for
Review
(1) Points
Implicit conversion functions

Explicit conversion functions (*)

Character functions

Operators

Correct
16. Examine the following code. What is the final value of V_MYBOOL ?
DECLARE
v_mynumber NUMBER;
v_mybool BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
v_mynumber := 6;
v_mybool := (v_mynumber BETWEEN 10 AND 20);
v_mybool := NOT (v_mybool);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

168
True (*)

False

Correct
17. PL/SQL can convert a VARCHAR2 value containing alphabetic characters to a
NUMBER value. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

18. Examine the following code. What is the final value of V_MYVAR ?
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar := 1 + 2 * 3;
v_myvar := v_myvar * 2;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
81

49

14 (*)

18

Correct
19. Reserved words can be used as identifiers. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

20. Which of the following are PL/SQL lexical units? (Choose two.) Mark for
Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
Identifiers (*)

Table Columns

Reserved Words (*)

Anonymous Blocks

SQL Workshop

169
 Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.
21. Which of the following are valid identifiers? (Choose two.) Mark for
Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
yesterday (*)

yesterday's date

number_of_students_in_the_class

v$testresult (*)

#students

Correct
22. Examine the following code. At Line A, we want to assign a value of 22 to the
outer block's variable v_myvar. What code should we write at Line A?
<<outer_block>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
<<inner_block>>
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER := 15;
BEGIN
-- Line A
END;
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
outer_block.v_myvar := 22; (*)

v_myvar := 22;

<<outer_block>>.v_myvar := 22;

v_myvar(outer_block) := 22;

We cannot reference the outer block's variable because both variables have the same
name

Correct
23. An exception occurs within the inner block of two nested blocks. The inner
block does not have an EXCEPTION section. What always happens? Mark for Review
(1) Points
Both blocks fail and an error message is displayed by the calling environment

The exception is propagated to the outer block (*)

170
Oracle automatically tries to re-execute the inner block

The user's database session is automatically disconnected

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

24. What will be displayed when the following code is executed?
DECLARE
varA NUMBER := 12;
BEGIN
DECLARE
varB NUMBER := 8;
BEGIN
varA := varA + varB;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(varB);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
8

12

Nothing, the block will fail with an error (*)

20

VarB

Correct
25. In the following code, Line A causes an exception. What value will be displayed
when the code is executed?
DECLARE
outer_var VARCHAR2(50) := 'My';
BEGIN
outer_var := outer_var || ' name';
DECLARE
inner_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
inner_var := 'Mehmet'; -- Line A
outer_var := outer_var || ' is';
END;
outer_var := outer_var || ' Zeynep';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(outer_var);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
My

171
My name (*)

My name is

My name is Zeynep

Correct
26. What will be displayed when the following code is executed?
DECLARE
x VARCHAR2(6) := 'Chang';
BEGIN
DECLARE
x VARCHAR2(12) := 'Susan';
BEGIN
x := x || x;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
Susan

Chang (*)

ChangChang

SusanChang

The code will fail with an error

Correct
27. Assignment statements can continue over several lines in PL/SQL. True or
False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True (*)

False

Correct
28. Variables can be assigned a value in both the Executable and Declaration
sections of a PL/SQL program. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True (*)

False

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

29. Variables can be used in the following ways in a PL/SQL block. (Choose two.)
Mark for Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)

172
To store data values. (*)

To rename tables and columns.

To refer to a single data value several times. (*)

To comment code.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

30. When a variable is defined using the NOT NULL keywords, the variable must
contain a value. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True (*)

False

Correct
31. Identify which of the following assignment statements are valid. (Choose three.)
Mark for Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
v_last_name := Chandra;

v_blackout_date := '31-DEC-2006'; (*)

v_population := 333444; (*)

v_music_type := 'ROCK'; (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

32. Which of these are PL/SQL data types? (Choose three.) Mark for Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
Scalar (*)

Identifier

Delimiter

Composite (*)

LOB (*)

Correct
33. What is the data type of the variable V_DEPT_TABLE in the following
declaration?
DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF departments%ROWTYPE INDEX BY
PLS_INTEGER; v_dept_table dept_table_type; ...
Mark for Review
(1) Points
Scalar

173
Composite (*)

LOB

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

34. ______ are meant to store large amounts of data. Mark for Review
(1) Points
Variables

Scalar data types

LOBs (*)

Correct
35. Every PL/SQL anonymous block must start with the keyword DECLARE. True
or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points
True

False (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

36. Which keywords must be included in every PL/SQL block? (Choose two.) Mark for
Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
DECLARE

END; (*)

EXCEPTION

BEGIN (*)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE

Correct
37. Errors are handled in the Exception part of the PL/SQL block. True or False?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
True (*)

False

Correct
38. Which PL/SQL block type must return a value? Mark for Review
(1) Points
Anonymous

Function (*)

174
Procedure

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

39. Given below are the parts of a PL/SQL block:
1. END;
2. EXCEPTION
3. DECLARE
4. BEGIN
Arrange the parts in order.
Mark for Review
(1) Points
2,1,4,3

3,4,2,1 (*)

3,2,4,1

4,3,2,1

Correct
40. Which lines of code will correctly display the message "The cat sat on the mat"?
(Choose two.) Mark for Review
(1) Points (Choose all correct answers)
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat sat on the mat'); (*)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(The cat sat on the mat);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat' || 'sat on the mat');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The cat sat ' || 'on the mat'); (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

41. What kind of block is defined by the following PL/SQL code?
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('My first quiz');
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points
procedure

subroutine

function

anonymous (*)

Correct
42. Which of the following tools can NOT be used to develop and test PL/SQL
code? Mark for Review

175
(1) Points
Oracle Jdeveloper

Oracle Application Express

Oracle JSQL (*)

Oracle iSQL*Plus

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

43. Which of the following declarations is invalid? Mark for Review
(1) Points
v_count PLS_INTEGER:=0;

college_name VARCHAR2(20):='Harvard';

v_pages CONSTANT NUMBER; (*)

v_start_date DATE := sysdate+1;

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

44. 1. Null
2. False
3. True
4. 0
Which of the above can be assigned to a Boolean variable?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
2 and 3

2, 3 and 4

1, 2 and 3 (*)

1, 2, 3 and 4

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

45. A variable must have a value if NOT NULL is specified. True or False?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
True (*)

False

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

46. The following anonymous block of code is run:
BEGIN
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)
VALUES ('XA', 'Xanadu');
INSERT INTO countries (id, name)

176
 VALUES ('NV','Neverland');
COMMIT;
COMMIT;
ROLLBACK;
END;
What happens when the block of code finishes?
Mark for Review
(1) Points
You have nothing new; the last ROLLBACK undid the INSERTs.

You have the rows added twice; there are four new rows.

You have the two new rows added. (*)

You get an error; you cannot COMMIT twice in a row.

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

47. Which of the following best describes a database transaction? Mark for
Review
(1) Points
All the DML statements in a single PL/SQL block

A related set of SQL DML statements which must be executed either completely or not at
all (*)

A single SQL statement that updates multiple rows of a table

A SELECT statement based on a join of two or more database tables

Incorrect. Refer to Section 3.

48. Which of the following statements about PL/SQL and SQL is true? Mark for
Review
(1) Points
PL/SQL and SQL are both ANSI-compliant.

PL/SQL and SQL can be used with many types of databases, including Oracle.

PL/SQL and SQL are both Oracle proprietary programming languages.

PL/SQL allows basic program logic and control flow to be combined with SQL
statements. (*)

Incorrect. Refer to Section 1.

49. A program which specifies a list of operations to be performed sequentially to
achieve the desired result can be called: Mark for Review
(1) Points
declarative

nondeclarative

177
 procedural (*)

low level

Correct
50. The P in PL/SQL stands for: Mark for Review
(1) Points
Processing

Procedural (*)

Primary

Proprietary

Correct

Quiz 1 Test: Quiz: Conditional Control: If Statements

1. We want to execute one of three statements depending on whether the value in
V_VAR is 10, 20 or some other value. What should be coded at Line A? IF v_var = 10 THEN
statement1; -- Line A statement2; ELSE statement3; END IF;
ELSE IF v_var = 20 THEN
ELSIF v_var = 20
ELSIF v_var = 20 THEN (*)
IF v_var = 20 THEN

2. You want to repeat a set of statements 100 times, incrementing a counter each time.
What kind of PL/SQL control structure would you use?
IF...THEN...ELSE
IF...THEN...ELSIF...ELSE
CASE...WHEN...THEN
A loop. (*)

3. What is wrong with the following trivial IF statement:

IF (v_job='President')
THEN v_salary := 10000;

IF and THEN must be on the same line: IF (v_job='President')

THEN ...
The condition should be coded: IF (v_job := 'President')
END IF; is missing (*)
ELSE is missing

4. Look at the following (badly written) code:

age := 5; IF age<30 THEN mature := 'adult';

ELSIF age<22 THEN mature := 'teenager';
ELSIF age<13 THEN mature := 'child';

178
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(mature);

What will be displayed when this code is executed?

child
teenager
adult (*)
adultteenagerchild

5. What will be displayed when this block is executed? DECLARE v_bool1 BOOLEAN
:= TRUE; v_bool2 BOOLEAN; v_char VARCHAR(4) := 'up'; BEGIN IF (v_bool1 AND
v_bool2) THEN v_char:='down'; ELSE v_char:='left'; END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_char); END;
up
down
left (*)
null

6. What will be displayed when this block is executed? DECLARE v_bool1 BOOLEAN
:= NULL; v_bool2 BOOLEAN := NULL; v_char VARCHAR(10) := 'Start'; BEGIN IF
(v_bool1 = v_bool2) THEN v_char:='Equal'; ELSE v_char:='Not equal'; END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_char); END;

Equal
Not equal (*)
Start
Nothing will be displayed. The block will fail because
you cannot compare two null values.

7. Which one of the following is correct syntax for an IF statement?

IF condition THEN DO statement1; statement2; END IF;

IF condition THEN statement1; statement2; END IF; (*)
IF condition THEN statement1; statement2; ENDIF;
IF condition THEN statement1; AND statement2; END
IF;

8. Which of the following statements are true about PL/SQL conditional control
structures such as IF ... , CASE ... and loops?

They allow the programmer to use logical tests to

determine which statements are executed and which are not.
They allow a set of statements to be executed repeatedly
(i.e. more than once).
They determine a course of action based on conditions.
All of the above. (*)

Quiz 2 Test: Quiz: Conditional Control: Case Statements

179
1. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
v_score NUMBER(3);
v_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
v_grade := CASE v_score
-- Line A
....

The CASE expression must convert a numeric score to a letter grade: 90 -> A, 80 -> B, 70 ->
C and so on. What should be coded at Line A?

WHEN 90 THEN grade := 'A'

WHEN 90 THEN v_grade := 'A';
WHEN 90 THEN 'A' (*)
WHEN 90 THEN 'A';

2. What will be displayed when the following block is executed?

DECLARE
v_age NUMBER(3);
v_gender VARCHAR2(6) := 'Female';
v_status VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
CASE
WHEN v_age >= 18 AND v_gender = 'Male' THEN v_status := 'Adult Male';
WHEN v_age >= 18 AND v_gender = 'Female' THEN v_status := 'Adult Female';
WHEN v_age < 18 AND v_gender = 'Male' THEN v_status := 'Junior Male';
WHEN v_age < 18 AND v_gender = 'Female' THEN v_status := 'Junior Female';
ELSE v_status := 'Other Value';
END CASE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_status);
END;

Adult Male
Junior Female
Other Value (*)
Nothing will be displayed because V_STATUS is set to
NULL.

3. What will be displayed when the following block is executed?

DECLARE
v_age1 NUMBER(3);
v_age2 NUMBER(3);
v_message VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
CASE

180
WHEN v_age1 = v_age2 THEN v_message := 'Equal';
WHEN v_age1 <> v_age2 THEN v_message := 'Unequal';
ELSE v_message := 'Undefined';
END CASE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_message);
END;

Equal
Undefined (*)
Unequal
Nothing will be displayed because V_MESSAGE is set
to NULL.

4. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
v_a BOOLEAN;
v_b BOOLEAN := FALSE;
v_c BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
v_c := (v_a AND v_b);
-- Line A
....
END;

What is the value of V_C at Line A?

True
False (*)
NULL
Undefined

5. Look at the following code:

DECLARE
x BOOLEAN := FALSE;
y BOOLEAN := FALSE;
z BOOLEAN ;
BEGIN
z := (x OR NOT y);
-- Line A
....
END;

What is the value of Z at Line A?

True (*)
False
NULL

181
 An error will occur because you cannot combine two
Boolean variables using "NOT".

6. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
v_score NUMBER(3);
v_grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
CASE v_score
-- Line A
....

The CASE statement must convert a numeric score to a letter grade: 90 -> A, 80 -> B, 70 -> C
and so on.

What should be coded at Line A?

WHEN 90 THEN v_grade := 'A'

WHEN 90 THEN v_grade := 'A'; (*)
WHEN 90 THEN 'A'
WHEN 90 THEN 'A';

7. How must you end a CASE expression?

END; (*)
ENDIF;
END CASE;
ENDCASE;

8. How must you end a CASE statement?

END;
END CASE; (*)
END IF;
ENDCASE;

Quiz 3 Test: Quiz: Iterative Control: Basic Loops

1. You want to calculate and display the multiplication table for "sevens":
7x1=7, 7x2=14, 7x3=21 and so on. Which kind of PL/SQL construct is best for this? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

A loop (*)

182
 A CASE statement
IF ... END IF;
A Boolean variable.

2. What are the three kinds of loops in PL/SQL? Mark for Review
(1) Points

ascending, descending, unordered

infinite, finite, recursive
IF, CASE, LOOP
FOR, WHILE, basic (*)

3. Which kind of loop is this?

i := 10;
LOOP
i := i + 1;
EXIT WHEN i > 30;
END LOOP; Mark for Review
(1) Points

A FOR loop.
A WHILE loop.
A basic loop. (*)
An infinite loop.
A nested loop.

4. How many EXIT statements can be coded inside a basic loop? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

None.
One only.
Two.
As many as you need, there is no limit. (*)

5. What will be displayed when this block is executed?

DECLARE
v_count NUMBER := 10;
v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
LOOP
v_count := v_count - 1;
EXIT WHEN v_count < 5;
v_result := v_count * 2;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_result);

183
END;
Mark for Review
(1) Points

8
10 (*)
12
NULL

6. For which one of these tasks should you use a PL/SQL loop? Mark
for Review
(1) Points

Updating the salary of one employee.

Executing the same set of statements repeatedly until a
condition becomes true. (*)
Deciding whether a value is within a range of numbers.
Making a decision based on whether a condition is true
or not.

7. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
v_count NUMBER := 0;
v_string VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
LOOP
v_string := v_string || 'x';
IF LENGTH(v_string) > 10 THEN
EXIT;
END IF;
v_count := v_count + 1;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_count);
END;

What will be displayed when this block is executed? Mark for Review
(1) Points

9
10 (*)
11
xxxxxxxxxxx

8. Look at this code:

DECLARE
v_bool BOOLEAN := TRUE;

184
v_date DATE;
BEGIN
LOOP
EXIT WHEN v_bool;
SELECT SYSDATE INTO v_date FROM dual;
END LOOP;
END;

How many times will the SELECT statement execute? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Once.
Twice.
Never (the SELECT will not execute at all) (*)
An infinite number of times because the EXIT condition will
never be true

Quiz 4 Test: Quiz: Iterative Control: While and For Loops

1. Look at this code fragment:
FOR i IN 1 .. 3 LOOP
i := 4;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The counter is: ' || i);
END LOOP;

How many lines of output will be displayed?

One
Three
Four
The block will fail because you cannot change the value
of i inside the loop. (*)

2. You want a loop that counts backwards from 10 through 1. How do you code that?

FOR i IN 10 .. 1 LOOP
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 BY -1 LOOP
FOR i IN REVERSE 1 .. 10 LOOP (*)
FOR i IN REVERSE 10 .. 1 LOOP

3. In a WHILE loop, the controlling condition is checked at the start of each iteration.
True or False?
True (*)
False

185
4. You should use a WHILE loop when the number of iterations of the loop is known in
advance. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True
False (*)

5. Which statement best describes when a FOR loop should be used?

When an EXIT WHEN statement must be coded.

When an implicitly declared counter must increase by 1
in each iteration of the loop. (*)
When we want to exit from the loop when a Boolean
variable becomes FALSE.
When the statements inside the loop must execute at least
once.

7. Look at the following code fragment:

i := 2;
WHILE i < 3 LOOP
i := 4;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The counter is: ' || i);
END LOOP;

How many lines of output will be displayed?

No lines
One line (*)
Two lines
The block will fail because you cannot use
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE inside a loop.

8. Look at the following block:

DECLARE
v_date DATE := SYSDATE;
BEGIN
WHILE v_date < LAST_DAY(v_date) LOOP
v_date := v_date + 1;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_date);
END;

If today's date is 17th April 2007, what will be displayed when this block executes?

01-MAY-07
31-DEC-07

186
 4/30/2007 (*)
4/17/2007

Quiz 5 Test: Quiz: Iterative Control: Nested Loops

1. Look at the following code:

DECLARE
v_blue NUMBER(3) := 0;
v_red NUMBER(3) := 0;
BEGIN
<<blue>> LOOP
v_blue := v_blue + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_blue > 10;
<<red>> LOOP
v_red := v_red + 1;
EXIT WHEN v_red > 10;
-- Line A
END LOOP red;
END LOOP blue;
END;

What should you code at Line A to exit from the outer loop?

EXIT;
EXIT red;
EXIT <<blue>>;
EXIT blue; (*)

2. Which one of these statements about using nested loops is true?

All the loops must be labelled

The outer loop must be labelled, but the inner loop need
not be labelled
The outer loop must be labelled if you want to exit the
outer loop from within the inner loop (*)
Both loops can have the same label

3. What will be displayed when the following block is executed?:

DECLARE
x NUMBER(6) := 0 ;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..5 LOOP
x := x+1 ;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);

187
 END;

5
10
15
50 (*)

4. When the following code is executed, how many lines of output will be displayed?

BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..8 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i || ',' || j);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
80
45 (*)
14
41

Quiz 1 Test: Quiz: Introduction to Explicit Cursors

1. You have declared a cursor EMP_CURSOR to select many rows from the
EMPLOYEES table. The following five statements will be in the executable section:

A. FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_empno,v_last_name;

B. OPEN emp_cursor;
C. END LOOP;
D. CLOSE emp_cursor;
E. LOOP

In which order should you code these statements?

B, E, A, C, D (*)
E, B, A, C, D
B, E, A, D, C
B, A, E, D, C

2. Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

You can use ORDER BY when declaring an explicit cursor.
You can not use an INTO clause when declaring an explicit
cursor.
An explicit cursor can select from only one table. No joins are
allowed. (*)
An explicit cursor must be DECLAREd before it can be
OPENed.

188
3. When must you declare and use an explicit cursor?

You need to UPDATE more than one row in a table.

You want to use a MERGE statement.
You need to SELECT more than one row from a table. (*)
You want to be able to ROLLBACK a transaction if needed.

4. Which of the following best describes the difference between implicit and explicit
cursors?

Implicit cursors are used for SELECT statements, while explicit

cursors are used for DML statements.
Implicit cursor are named by the PL/SQL programmer, while
explicit cursors are always named SQL.
Implicit cursors are defined automatically by Oracle, while
explicit cursors must be declared by the PL/SQL programmer. (*)
Implicit cursors store rows on disk, while explicit cursors store
rows in memory.

5. You cannot OPEN or CLOSE an implicit cursor. Why not?

Because an implicit cursor is always called SQL.

Because an implicit cursor is OPENed and CLOSEd automatically by
Oracle. (*)

6. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR dept_curs IS SELECT department_name FROM departments;
v_dept_name departments.department_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN dept_curs;
LOOP
FETCH dept_curs INTO v_dept_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_dept_name);
EXIT WHEN dept_curs%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE dept_curs;
END;

There are 10 rows in the DEPARTMENTS table. What will happen when this code is executed?

10 rows will be displayed.

10 rows will be displayed, followed by a row of NULL values.
The last row will be displayed twice. (*)
A NO_DATA_FOUND exception will be raised.

189
 The loop will execute for ever; the same 10 rows will be
displayed over and over again.

7. What is wrong with the following code?

DECLARE
CURSOR dept_curs IS SELECT department_name FROM departments;
v_dept_name departments.department_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN dept_curs;
LOOP
FETCH dept_curs INTO v_dept_name;
EXIT WHEN dept_curs%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_dept_name);
CLOSE dept_curs;
END LOOP;
END;

Nothing is wrong, all the rows will be FETCHed and displayed.

The OPEN statement should be inside the loop.
The EXIT WHEN ... statement should be coded outside the
loop.
The CLOSE statement should be coded after END LOOP; (*)
The loop should be a WHILE loop, not a basic loop.

8. You execute the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT last_name FROM employees;
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_curs;
LOOP -- Point A
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_last_name;
EXIT WHEN emp_curs%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_last_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_curs;
END;

At Point A (after you have OPENed the cursor) another user updates an employee's last_name
from 'Smith' to 'Jones' and immediately COMMITs.

When your block FETCHes this row, which value will be fetched and displayed?

1
Smith (*)
Jones
Smith and Jones (the row will be fetched twice)

190
 An INVALID_CURSOR exception will be raised when you try
to FETCH the row.

9. There are 8 countries in REGION_ID 13 (Central America). What will happen when
the following code is executed?

DECLARE
CURSOR country_curs IS SELECT country_name FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id = 13;
v_country_name wf_countries.country_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN country_curs;
WHILE country_curs%FOUND
LOOP
FETCH country_curs INTO v_country_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_country_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE country_curs;
END;

Eight rows will be fetched and displayed successfully.

The last seven rows will be fetched and displayed.
The block will execute, but no rows will be displayed. (*)
The block will fail because you can not use a WHILE loop with
an explicit cursor.
None of the above.

10. Which one of the following explicit cursor declarations is NOT valid?

CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT country_name, region_name
FROM wf_countries c, wf_world_regions r
WHERE c.region_id = r.region_id;

CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT country_name INTO v_country_name
FROM wf_countries;
(*)

CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT country_name
FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY population DESC;

CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT country_name

191
FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id IN
(SELECT region_id FROM wf_world_regions
WHERE LOWER(region_name) LIKE '%asia%');

11. One (and only one) employee has LAST_NAME = 'Grant'. You need to code:

SELECT ... FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Grant';

Which type of cursor should you use, and why?

An implicit cursor, because there is only one 'Grant'.

An implicit cursor, because SELECT is a SQL statement and implicit
cursors are always called "SQL".
An explicit cursor, because there could be more than one 'Grant' in the
future. (*)
An explicit cursor, because you can use an implicit cursor only for
DML statements.

12. What is wrong with the following code?

DECLARE
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT last_name, salary FROM employees;
v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_last_name, v_salary;
OPEN emp_curs;
FETCH emp_curs INTO v_last_name, v_salary;
CLOSE emp_curs;
END;

When FETCHing more than one row, you MUST use a loop.
The cursor declaration does not include a WHERE condition.
The cursor declaration does not include an INTO clause.
The first row is FETCHed before the cursor is OPENed. (*)

Quiz 2 Test: Quiz: Using Explicit Cursor Attributes

1. You can reference explicit cursor attributes directly in a SQL statement. True or False?
Mark for

True
False (*)
2. Which of the following explicit cursor attributes evaluates to TRUE if the most recent
FETCH returns a row?

%ISOPEN
%NOTFOUND

192
 %FOUND (*)
%ROWCOUNT
3. Look at these declarations:

DECLARE
CURSOR dept_loc_cursor IS
SELECT department_id, department_name, location_name
FROM departments d, locations l
WHERE d.location_id = l.location_id;
v_dept_loc dept_loc_cursor%ROWTYPE;

How many fields does V_DEPT_LOC contain?

Two, because the cursor joins two tables

Four
Three (*)
None

4. How must you reference one field which is part of a PL/SQL record?
field_name.record_name
record_name.field_name (*)
record_name(field_name)
field_name OF record_name
It cannot be done.

5. Look at the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary FROM employees;
v_empcurs emp_cursor%ROWTYPE;

What is the data type of V_EMPCURS?

Scalar
Record (*)
Cursor
Row

6. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT country_id, country_name
FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY country_name;
v_country country_curs%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN country_curs;
LOOP

193
FETCH country_curs INTO v_country;
EXIT WHEN country_curs%NOTFOUND;
------- Line A
END LOOP;
CLOSE country_curs;
END;

You want to display the id and name of each FETCHed country. What would you code at Line
A?

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(country_id || ' ' || country_name);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_country(country_id) || ' ' ||
v_country(country_name));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(country_curs.country_id || ' ' ||
cuntry_curs.country_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_country.country_id || ' ' ||
v_country.country_name); (*)

7. You have declared the following cursor:

CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT * FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY country_name;

There are over 200 rows in the WF_COUNTRIES table, but you want to fetch and display only
the first 25 rows.

How would you exit from the FETCH loop?

EXIT WHEN country_curs%FOUND(25);

EXIT WHEN country_curs%ROWCOUNT > 25; (*)
EXIT WHEN ROWCOUNT > 25;
WHEN country_curs > 25 THEN EXIT; END IF;

Quiz 3 Test: Quiz: Cursor FOR Loops

1. Which of the following is a benefit of using a cursor FOR loop?
The exception handling is done automatically. .
The OPEN, CLOSE, FETCH and EXIT from the loop are done automatically.
(*)
You can OPEN the same cursor twice at the same time.
Because there is less code, the loop executes faster.
%ROWCOUNT increments automatically each time a row is FETCHed.

2. What is wrong with the following piece of code?

BEGIN
FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_record.last_name);

194
END LOOP;
IF emp_record.last_name = 'Patel' THEN ...

EMP_RECORD has not been explicitly declared.

The cursor has not been OPENed.
You cannot reference EMP_RECORD outside the loop. (*)
It should read:
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_cursor.last_name);
Nothing is wrong, the code will execute correctly.

3. You have declared a cursor as follows:

CURSOR loc_curs IS SELECT * FROM locations;

How should you code a FOR loop to use this cursor?

FOR loc_rec IN 1 .. loc_curs%ROWCOUNT LOOP ...

WHILE loc_rec IN loc_curs LOOP ...
FOR loc_curs IN loc_rec LOOP ...
IF loc_rec IN loc_curs LOOP ...
FOR loc_rec IN loc_curs LOOP ... (*)

4. What is the DISadvantage of using a cursor FOR loop with a subquery?

You cannot reference cursor attributes such as %NOTFOUND.

(*)
The execution speed is slower.
You cannot declare the cursor in the declaration section.
You cannot use the cursor to join two or more tables.
There are no disadvantages.

5. Which one of the following is a valid cursor FOR loop with a subquery?

FOR emp_rec IN (SELECT last_name || first_name FROM employees) LOOP ...

FOR emp_rec IN (SELECT UPPER(last_name) FROM employees) LOOP ...
FOR emp_rec IN SELECT last_name, salary*12 "ANNSAL" FROM employees
LOOP ...
FOR emp_rec IN (SELECT last_name, salary*12 "ANNSAL" FROM employees)
LOOP ... (*)
None of the above.

6. Look at the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT * FROM employees;
BEGIN
FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( --Point A -- );
END LOOP;
END;

195
To display the salary of an employee, what code should you write at Point A?
emp_record.salary (*)
emp_cursor.salary
employees.salary
emp_record.employees.salary
TO_CHAR(salary)

Quiz 4 Test: Quiz: Cursors with Parameters

1. Using parameters with a cursor, you can open and close the cursor several times in a
block, returning a different active set each time. True or False?

True (*)
False
2. The following cursor has been declared:

CURSOR emp_curs
(p_dept_id employees.department_id%TYPE,
p_job_id employees.job_id%TYPE) IS
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE department_id = p_dept_id
AND job_id = p_job_id;

Which of the following will correctly open the cursor?

OPEN emp_curs(20);
FOR emp_rec IN emp_curs(20) LOOP ...
OPEN emp_curs('IT_PROG', 20);
FOR emp_rec IN emp_curs(20,'IT_PROG') LOOP ... (*)
FOR emp_rec IN emp_curs(p_dept_id p_job_id) LOOP ...

3. You want to use explicit cursors to fetch and display all the countries in a specific
region. There are 19 rows in the WF_WORLD_REGIONS table. You want to use a different
region each time the cursor is opened. How many cursors should you declare?

19 cursors, all in the same PL/SQL block.

19 cursors in 19 PL/SQL blocks (one in each block).
20 cursors, in case an extra row is inserted into
WF_WORLD_REGIONS later.
One cursor with a parameter in the WHERE clause. (*)
None of the above.

4. Look at the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR emp_curs (p_dept_id employees.department_id%TYPE) IS
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE department_id = p_dept_id;

196
v_emp_rec emp_curs%ROWTYPE;
v_deptid NUMBER(4) := 50;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_curs( -- Point A --);
....

You want to open the cursor, passing value 50 to the parameter. Which of the following are
correct at Point A?
50
v_deptid
100 / 2
All of the above. (*)

5. What is wrong with the following cursor declaration?

CURSOR dept_curs (p_loc_id NUMBER(4)) IS

SELECT * FROM departments
WHERE location_id = p_loc_id;

You cannot reference a cursor parameter in a WHERE clause.

The parameter should be coded as: (p_loc_id NUMBER) (*)
The parameter should be coded as: (p_loc_id IN NUMBER)
Nothing is wrong, the cursor declaration is correct.

Quiz 5 Test: Quiz: Using Cursors for Update

1. What is the difference between the following two blocks of code?

--Block A
DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80
FOR UPDATE OF salary;

--Block B
DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80
FOR UPDATE OF salary
NOWAIT;

There is no difference; the programs behave exactly the same way.

197
In Block A, the program waits indefinitely until the rows are available. In Block B, the program
returns control immediately so that it can do other work. (*)
In Block A, the program waits indefinitely until the rows are available. In Block B, control is
returned to your program after 5 seconds so that it can do other work.

2. When can we use the WHERE CURRENT OF clause?

Only with an UPDATE, not with a DELETE.

Only with a DELETE, not with an UPDATE.
When the cursor is declared as SELECT ... FOR UPDATE ...;
(*)
When the cursor is based on a single table (not on a join).
When the cursor has not been OPENed.

3. You have declared the following cursor:

CURSOR country_curs IS
SELECT country_id, country_name
FROM wf_countries
FOR UPDATE WAIT 10;

Another user updates a row in WF_COUNTRIES but does not COMMIT the update. What will
happen when you OPEN country_curs; ? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A LOCKED_ROWS exception is raised immediately.

The other user's transaction is automatically rolled back.
Your session waits indefinitely until the other user COMMITs.
Your session waits for 10 seconds, and then returns control to
your block so that it can continue to execute. (*)
Your block fails because you should have coded: FOR
UPDATE WAIT (10);

4. You want to fetch rows from the EMPLOYEES table. You want to lock the fetched
rows, to prevent other users from updating them.
You declare the following cursor:

CURSOR emp_curs IS
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary
FROM employees
-- Line A -- ;

What should you code at Line A?

FOR LOCK
FOR UPDATE OF employees
FOR UPDATE (*)

198
 FOR UPDATE (employees)

5. You declare a cursor as a join of two tables:

CURSOR emp_dept_curs IS
SELECT last_name, salary, department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id
-- Point A -- ;

You want to lock fetched rows from EMPLOYEES, but NOT lock fetched rows from
DEPARTMENTS.

Which of the following is correct at Point A?

FOR UPDATE
FOR UPDATE of salary (*)
FOR UPDATE OF employees
FOR UPDATE (last_name)

6. Why can we NOT code:

INSERT INTO table-name
WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name;

Because the syntax is wrong. An INSERT statement must have a

VALUES ( .... ) clause.
Because the syntax is wrong. It should be: INSERT INTO
cursor-name .... WHERE CURRENT OF table-name;
Because WHERE CURRENT OF ... modifies the most recently
FETCHed row, and you cannot FETCH a row that is not in the table yet. (*)
Because another user has locked the rows and not committed.
Nothing is wrong; we CAN code: INSERT .... WHERE
CURRENT OF ... ;

7. You have declared a cursor as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE; You have OPENed the
cursor and locked the FETCHed rows. When are these row locks released?

When an UPDATE ... WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name; is

executed.
When you CLOSE the cursor.
When your block finishes executing.
When you explicitly COMMIT or ROLLBACK your
transaction. (*)
When another user tries to SELECT the rows.

Quiz 6 Test: Quiz: Using Multiple Cursors

199
1. You want to produce a report which displays each department and (immediately after
each department) a list of employees who work in that department. You declare a
DEPARTMENTS cursor as:

CURSOR dept_curs IS
SELECT * FROM departments
ORDER BY department_id;

How could you declare the EMPLOYEES cursor? (Choose two).

CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT * FROM employees;

CURSOR emp_curs (p_dept_id NUMBER) IS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE
department_id = p_dept_id; (*)
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY department_id;
CURSOR emp_curs (p_dept_id departments.department_id%TYPE) IS SELECT * FROM
employees WHERE department_id = p_dept_id; (*)
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id =
departments.department_id;

2. Examine the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR region_cur IS
SELECT * FROM wf_world_regions;
v_region_rec region_cur%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR country_cur (p_region_id NUMBER) IS
SELECT * FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id = p_region_id;
v_country_rec country_cur%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN region_cur;
LOOP
FETCH region_cur INTO v_region_rec;
EXIT WHEN region_cur%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
(v_region_rec.region_name);
-- Line A --
LOOP
FETCH country_cur INTO v_country_rec;
EXIT WHEN country_cur%NOTFOUND;
......

What would you code at Line A?

OPEN country_cur (p_region_id);

OPEN country_cur (wf_world_regions.region_id);
OPEN country_cur (v_region_rec.region_id); (*)
OPEN country_cur (region_cur.region_id);
OPEN country_cur;

200
3. Which of the following is a good reason to use two cursors in a single PL/SQL block?

To allow one cursor to be opened twice at the same time.

When two tables are related to each other (often by a foreign
key) and we want to produce a multilevel report using data from both tables. (*)
To allow rows to be locked as they are FETCHed.
To speed up the execution of the PL/SQL block.
It is the only way to declare a cursor with a parameter.

4. Assume that table BIGDEPTS contains 100 rows, and table BIGEMPS contains 1000
rows, with 10 employees in each department. Consider the following code:

DECLARE
CURSOR bigdept_cur IS
SELECT * FROM bigdepts;
CURSOR bigemp_cur IS
SELECT * FROM bigemps;
BEGIN
FOR dept_rec IN bigdept_cur LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
(dept_rec.department_name);
FOR emp_rec IN bigemp_cur LOOP
IF emp_rec.department_id=dept_rec.department_id
THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
(emp_rec.last_name);
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;

Why is this code inefficient?

It locks both tables unnecessarily.

It is using two cursors when one cursor is enough.
It is doing a Cartesian Product, joining every employee with every department and displaying
1100 lines of output.
It reads 1000 employee rows every time BIGEMP_CUR is OPENed, and then ignores 990 of
them. (*)
It is using cursor FOR loops, which are less efficient than OPENing and CLOSEing the
cursors explicitly.

5. Assume your schema contains 25 tables. How many explicit cursors can you declare
and use within a single PL/SQL block?

Only one.
As many as you need - there is no limit. (*)

201
 A maximum of three.
As many as you need, but only one of them can be open at any
time.
A maximum of 25 (one for each table in your schema).

6. Which of the following is NOT allowed when using multiple cursors with parameters?

You cannot use cursor FOR loops.

You cannot declare the cursors FOR UPDATE.
You cannot declare a cursor based on a join.
You cannot OPEN more than one cursor at the same time.
None of the above, they are all allowed. (*)

Himb
Test: Quiz 1: Introduction to PL/SQL
Section 1
1. Which of the following statements is true? Mark for Review (1) Points
PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 3GL Adevarat
PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 4GL programming language.
PL/SQL is an Oracle proprietary, nonprocedural, 3GL programming language.
PL/SQL is an ANSI-compliant, procedural programming language.

2. PL/SQL stands for:

Processing Language for SQL.
Procedural Language extension for SQL. (*)
Primary Language for SQL.
Proprietary Language for SQL.

3. Which of the following statements about SQL is true?

SQL is an Oracle proprietary, nonprocedural, 4GL programming language.
SQL is an Oracle proprietary, procedural, 3GL programming language.
SQL is an ANSI-compliant, nonprocedural, 4GL programming language. (*)
SQL is an ANSI-compliant, procedural, 4GL programming language.

4. Nonprocedural languages allow the programmer to produce a result when a series of steps are followed. True or
False?
True False (*)

5. In which three ways does PL/SQL extend the SQL programming language
By adding procedural constructs. (*)
By adding compound constructs.
By adding iterative control. (*)
By adding conditional control. (*)

6. Which of the following statements is true?

You can embed PL/SQL statements within SQL code.
You can embed SQL statements within PL/SQL code. (*)
You can embed procedural constructs within SQL code.
None.

Test: Quiz 2: Benefits of PL/SQL

1. When multiple SQL statements are combined into PL/SQL blocks, performance improves. True or False?
True (*)
False

202
2. Procedural constructs give you better control of your SQL statements and their execution. True or False?
True (*)
False

3. PL/SQL differs from C and Java in which of the following ways? (Choose two.)
It requires an Oracle database or tool. (*)
It does not support object-oriented programming.
It is the most efficient language to use with an Oracle database. (*)
It is the most complex programming language to learn.
It is not portable to other operating systems.

4. Which of the following can be compiled as a standalone program outside the database?
A program developed in PL/SQL
A program developed in Java
A program developed in C
All the above
Programs developed in Java or C, but not in PL/SQL. (*)

5. Which of the following can be done using PL/SQL?

Create complex applications.
Retrieve and modify data in Oracle database tables.
Manage database tasks such as security.
Create custom reports. All of the above (*)

6. You can create a Web site application written entirely in PL/SQL. True or False?
True (*)
False

Test: Quiz 3: Creating PL/SQL Blocks

1. Which statements are mandatory in a PL/SQL block? (Choose two.)

DECLARE

BEGIN (*)

EXCEPTION

END; (*)

2. In a PL/SQL block, which of the following should not be followed by a semicolon?

DECLARE (*)

END

All SQL statements

All PL/SQL statements

3. What are the characteristics of an anonymous block? (Choose two.)

Unamed (*)

Stored in the database

Compiled each time the application is executed (*)

Can be declared as procedures or as functions

4. What are the characteristics of a PL/SQL stored subprogram? (Choose two.)

Named (*)

203
 Not stored in the database

Can be invoked at any time (*)

Do not exist after they are executed

5. Which of the following is NOT a PL/SQL programming environment?

Oracle jDeveloper

SQL*Plus

gSQL*Plus (*)

SQL Workshop in Application Express

6. Which of the following is a PL/SQL programming environment?

Oracle Cdeveloper

Java*Plus

PL/SQL Express

SQL*Workshop in Application Express (*)

7. Which sections of a PL/SQL block are optional?

Declaration and Executable

Declaration and Exception (*)

Exception only

Executable only

8. What is wrong with this PL/SQL anonymous block?

BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' and Goodbye');
The Declaration section is missing

The Exception section is missing

There is nothing wrong with the block, it will work fine.

The END; statement is missing (*)

9. How can you display results to check that a PL/SQL block is working correctly?

You don't need to do anything, the results will display automatically.

Use an Exception section

Use DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (*)

Write a C or Java program to display the results

10. Which lines of code will correctly display the message "Hello World" ? (Choose two.)

204
 DBMS_OUTPUT('Hello World');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello World'); (*)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello' || 'World');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello' || ' ' || 'World'); (*)

Test: Quiz 4: Review of SQL Select Statements

1. If you want to SELECT all the columns of data in a table, you use which of the following symbols?

&

* (*)

2. What SQL statement will return the ID, name, and area of all countries in the WF_COUNTRIES table, listed in
order of greatest area to least area?

SELECT country_id, country_name, area

FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY area DESC; (*)

SELECT country_id, country_name, area

FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY area ASC;

SELECT country_id, country_name, area

FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY country_name;

SELECT country_id, country_name, area

FROM wf_countries
GROUP BY area; pr />

3. Which of the following statements lists each employee's employee_id, salary, and salary plus a 20 percent bonus?

SELECT emp_id, salary, salary*.2

FROM employees;

SELECT emp_id, salary, salary*1.2

FROM employees; (*)

SELECT emp_id, salary, salary*.8

FROM employees;

SELECT emp_id, salary, salary*20

FROM employees;

4. Which of the following statements diplays the population of the Republic of Benin (country_id 229) after a 3
percent growth in its population?

SELECT country_name, population*.03

205
FROM wf_countries
WHERE country_id=229;

SELECT country_name, population*1.03

FROM wf_countries
WHERE country_id=229; (*)

SELECT country_name, population*30

FROM wf_countries
WHERE country_id=229;

SELECT country_name, population+population*.3

FROM wf_countries
WHERE country_id=229;

5. What can you use to change the column heading of calculated values in a SQL statement?
Multiplication operator

Column alias (*)

Concatenation operator

The DISTINCT keyword

6. Examine the following statement:

SELECT country_name, population, population*.01

FROM wf_countries;

How would you modify this statement to display "Country", "Population", and "Expected Growth" as the column headings?

SELECT country_name "COUNTRY", population "POPULATION", population*.01 "EXPECTED GROWTH"

FROM wf_countries;
(*)

SELECT country_name COUNTRY, population POPULATION, population*.01 EXPECTED GROWTH

FROM wf_countries;

SELECT country_name 'COUNTRY', population 'POPULATION', population*.01 'EXPECTED GROWTH'

FROM wf_countries;

SELECT country_name, population, population*.01

FROM wf_countries
AS "COUNTRY", "POPULATION", "EXPECTED GROWTH";

7. The concatenation operator ...

Brings columns or character strings together

Creates a resultant column that is a character expression

Is represented by two vertical bars ( || )

All of the above (*)

8. The F_FOOD_ITEMS table contains the FOOD_ITEM_NUMBER and the REGULAR_CODE columns. Which
statement would display the FOOD_ITEM_NUMBER joined with the REGULAR_CODE without any space in between
them?

SELECT food_item_number ' ' regular_code

206
FROM f_food_items;

SELECT food_item_number UNION regular_code

FROM f_food_items;

SELECT food_item_number || regular_code

FROM f_food_items; (*)

SELECT food_item_numberregularcode
FROM f_food_items;

9. Which of the following statements will display a sentence such as the following:
Aruba has an area of 193.
for every country in the WF_COUNTRIES table?

SELECT country_name || ' has an area of ' || area

FROM wf_countries;

SELECT country_name || 'has an area of' || area

FROM wf_countries;

SELECT country_name || ' has an area of ' || area || '.'

FROM wf_countries; (*)

SELECT country_name " has an area of " area "." FROM wf_countries;
10. Which of the following statements will generate a sentence such as the following:
The national holiday for United Arab Emirates is Independence Day.
for every country in the WF_COUNTRIES table?
SELECT 'The national holiday for '|| country_name || ' is ' || national_holiday_name
FROM wf_countries;

SELECT "The national holiday for "|| country_name || " is " || national_holiday_name || "."
FROM wf_countries;

SELECT 'The national holiday for '|| country_name || ' is ' || national_holiday_name || '.'
FROM wf_countries; (*)

SELECT 'The national holiday for || country_name || is || national_holiday_name || .'

FROM wf_countries;

11. Which statement would display the departments in the EMPLOYEES table without displaying any duplicates?

SELECT ALL department_id

FROM employees;

SELECT department_id
FROM employees;

ELECT department_id
FROM employees
having ROWID=1;

SELECT DISTINCT department_id

FROM employees; (*)

207
12. When using the LIKE operator, the "%" and "_" symbols can be used to do a pattern-matching, wild card search.
True or False? True (*) False

13. Which statement would select salaries that are greater than or equal to 2500 and less than or equal to 3500? Choose
two correct answers.

WHERE salary >= 2500 AND salary <= 3500 (*)

WHERE salary <=2500 AND salary >= 3500

WHERE salary BETWEEN 2500 AND 3500 (*)

WHERE BETWEEN salary = 2500 AND salary = 3500

Test: Quiz 5: Review of SQL Single-Row Functions

1. What does the following SQL SELECT statement return?

SELECT UPPER( SUBSTR('Database Programming', INSTR('Database Programming','P'),20))

FROM dual;
Programming
PROGRAMMING (*)
Database
DATABASE

2. Which SQL statement will display each country's name with the first letter (only) of each word in uppercase?

SELECT UPPER(country_name)
FROM wf_countries;

SELECT lower(country_name)
FROM wf_countries;

SELECT INITCAP(country_name)
FROM wf_countries; (*)

SELECT country_name
FROM wf_countries
ORDER BY INITCAP(country_name);

3. Which statement returns a user password combining the ID of an employee and the first 4 characters of their last
name?
SELECT CONCAT (employee_id, SUBSTR(last_name,4,1))
AS "User Passwords"
FROM employees;

SELECT CONCAT (employee_id, INSTR(last_name,4,1))

AS "User Passwords"
FROM employees;

SELECT CONCAT (employee_id, INSTR(last_name,1,4))

AS "User Passwords"
FROM employees;

SELECT CONCAT (employee_id, SUBSTR(last_name,1,4))

AS "User Passwords"
FROM employees; (*)

208
4. What is returned by the following statement?
SELECT CONCAT('Today is','Thursday!') FROM DUAL;
TodayisThursday!

Today isThursday! (*)

today is thursday!

Today is Thursday!

5. Which of the following is not a number function?

TO_DATE (*)
ROUND
MOD
TRUNC

6. The following SQL statement will display the value: 456. True or False?
SELECT TRUNC(ROUND(456.98))
FROM dual;
True False (*)
7. Assume that today is January 10, 2008. What would be the output of the following statement?
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'ddth "of" Month, YYYY') FROM DUAL;
10th of January, 2008 (*)
10 January, 2008
10-January-2008
January 10th, 2008

8. Assume that today is December 31, 2007. What would be the output of the following statement?
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD/MM/Y') FROM DUAL;
12/31/7
31-12-07
31/12/2007
31/12/7 (*)

9. What function would you use to return the highest date in a month?
FINAL_DAY
END_DAY
HIGHEST_DAY
LAST_DAY (*)

10. Which query would return a whole number if today's date is 26-MAY-04?
SELECT TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,'19-MAR-79') /12)
AS YEARS
FROM DUAL; (*)

SELECT TRUNC(YEARS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,'19-MAR-79') /12)

AS YEARS
FROM DUAL;

SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,'19-MAR-79') /12

AS YEARS
FROM DUAL;

None of the above

11. Which function compares two expressions?

NVL
NULLIF (*)
NVL2
NULL

209
12. NULL means the same thing as a space or 0 (zero). True or False?
True
False (*)

rTest: Quiz 1 : Using Variables in PL/SQL

1. After
they
are
declared,
variables
can
be
used
only
once
in
an
application.
True
or
False?


True

False
(*)


2. Which of the following are required when declaring a variable? (Choose two.)
Identifier name (*)
CONSTANT
Data type (*)
NOT NULL

3. Constants must be initialized. True or False?

True (*)
False

4. Evaluate the following declaration. Determine whether or not it is legal.

DECLARE
name,dept VARCHAR2(14);
legal
illegal (*)

5. Evaluate the following declaration. Determine whether or not it is legal. DECLARE

test NUMBER(5);
legal (*)
illegal

6. A function called FORMAT_TODAYS_DATE accepts no parameters and returns

today's date in the format: Month DD, YYYY
The following anonymous block invokes the function:
DECLARE v_today DATE; BEGIN -- invoke the function here
Which of the following statements correctly assigns the date variable v_today to the value
returned by the format_todays_date function?
format_todays_date := v_today('Month DD, YYYY');
v_today := format_todays_date ('Month DD, YYYY');
v_today := format_todays_date(v_today);
v_today := TO_DATE(format_todays_date, 'Month
DD, YYYY'); (*)

7. Examine the following variable declarations:

DECLARE v_number NUMBER := 10; v_result NUMBER;
Which of the following correctly assigns the value 50 to V_RESULT?
v_result := v_number * 5;
v_result := 100 / 2;
v_result := ROUND(49.77);

210
 All of the above. (*)

Test: Quiz 2: Recognizing PL/SQL Lexical Units

1. What is a lexical unit?
A data type for a column
A building block of a PL/SQL block (*)
A type of variable

2. Which of the following are lexical units? (Choose two.)

Data types
PL/SQL blocks
Identifiers (*)
Literals (*)

3. Which of the following is a valid naming convention for an identifier? (Choose two.)
Can include letters or numbers (*)
Cannot contain a reserved word (*)
Can be over 30 characters
Can start with a number or special character

4. The name of a variable is an example of an identifier. True or False?

True (*)
False

5. What characters must enclose non-numeric literal values?

Double quotes: " "
Parentheses: ()
Single quotes: ' ' (*)

6. Which of the following symbols can be used to enclose a comment in PL/SQL?

??
*/ / *
:: ::
/* */ (*)

Test: Quiz 3: Recognizing Data Types

1. A datatype specifies and restricts the possible data values that can be assigned to a
variable. True or False?
True (*)
False

2. Which of the following are PL/SQL data types? (

Large Objects (LOB) (*)

211
 Lexical
Scalar (*)
Delimiter
Composite (*)

3. Which of the folowing are scalar data types? (Choose three.)

Array
Character (*)
Table
Date (*)
Boolean (*)

4. A Scalar data type holds a ____ value.

Multi
Large
Single (*)

5. What are the data types of the variables in the following declaration?
DECLARE
fname VARCHAR2(20);
fname VARCHAR2(15) DEFAULT 'fernandez';
BEGIN
...

Scalar (*)
Composite
LOB

6. Which of the following is a composite data type?

CLOB
VARCHAR2
RECORD (*)
DATE

Test: Quiz 4: Using Scalar Data Types

1. Which of the following is NOT a character data type?
VARCHAR2
BOOLEAN (*)
CHAR
LONG

2. Which of the following variable declarations does NOT use a number data type?

v_count PLS_INTEGER := 0;
v_median_age NUMBER(6,2);
v_students LONG; (*)
v_count BINARY_INTEGER;

212
3. Code is easier to read if you declare one identifier per line. True or False?
True (*)
False

4. If you use the %TYPE attribute, you can avoid hard-coding the column name. True or
False? True
False (*)

5. When declared using %TYPE, a variable will inherit ____ from the column on which
it is based.

The name of the column

The value of the column
The data type and size of the column (*)

6. Which of the following is NOT a good guideline for declaring variables?

Declare one identifier per line
Use column names as identifiers (*)
Use NOT NULL when the variable must have a value

Test: Quiz 5: Review of SQL Joins

1. Will the following statement execute correctly?

SELECT department_id, department_name, last_name

FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id;
Yes, there are no errors in this statement.

No, because one column has been ambiguously defined.

(*)

No, because every column must be prefixed by its table

alias, for example: e.last_name.

Yes, Oracle will resolve which department_id column

comes from which table.

2. Table aliases can be used to shorten the syntax in join statements. True or False?

True (*)
False

3. A nonequijoin combines tables that have one or more exact matching columns. True or
False?
True
False (*)

213
4. What kind of join is used in the following example?

SELECT e.employee_id, e.last_name, j.grade_level

FROM employees e, job_grades j
WHERE e.salary BETWEEN j.lowest_sal and j.highest_sal;

Simple join
Equijoin
Nonequijoin (*)
Outer join

5. What type of join returns rows for one table even when there are no matching rows in
the other table?

Simple join
Equijoin
Nonequijoin
Outer join (*)

6. What does the following statement return?

SELECT e.last_name, d.department_id, d.department_name

FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id(+) = d.department_id
ORDER BY e.department_id;
Returns all departments, even if there are no employees in the department. (*)
Returns all employees, even if they have not been assigned to a department.
Returns only those departments that contain at least one employee
Returns all possible combinations of employees and departments.

7. When a join condition is omitted completely the result is a Cartesian product in which
all combinations of rows will be displayed. True or False?
True (*)
False

8. If table A has 20 rows and table B has 10 rows, how many rows will be returned if you
perform a Cartesian product on those two tables? Mark for Review
(1) Points

20

10

200 (*)

120

Incorrect. Refer to Section 2.

214
Test: Quiz 6: Review of SQL Group Functions and Subqueries
1. What would the following SQL statement return?
SELECT MAX(hire_date) FROM employees;
The hire date of the longest serving employee.
The hire date of the newest (most recently hired) employee. (*)
The hire dates of all employees in ascending order.
The hire dates of all employees.

2. The following EMPLOYEE_ID, SALARY, and COMMISSION_PCT data in the

EMPLOYEES table for six employees.
DATA: 143, 2600, null
144, 2500, null
149, 10500, .2
174, 11000, .3
176, 8600, .2
178, 7000, .15

What is the result of the following statement:

SELECT AVG(commission_pct)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN( 143,144,149,174,176,178)
0.1416
0.2125 (*)
The statement will fail because you cannot use more than one group function in a single
statement.
0.2521

3. Which of the following SQL statements will display the name and a total of people
with the same last name?

SELECT last_name, COUNT(employee_id)

FROM EMPLOYEES
GROUP BY last_name; (*)

SELECT employee_id, COUNT(last_name)

FROM EMPLOYEES
GROUP BY last_name;

SELECT last_name, DISTINCT COUNT(employee_id)

FROM EMPLOYEES
GROUP BY last_name;

SELECT employee_id, DISTINCT(last_name)

FROM EMPLOYEES
GROUP BY last_name;

215
4. Read the following SELECT statement. Choose the column or columns that MUST be
included in the GROUP BY clause.
SELECT region_id, COUNT(country_id)
FROM wf_countries
GROUP BY ?????

region_id, COUNT(country_id)
region_id,country_id
country_id
region_id (*)

5. Single row subqueries may NOT include which of these operators?

ALL (*)
=
<>
>

6. Group functions cannot be used in subqueries because they contain too many rows.
True or False?
True
False (*)

7. What will be returned when the following statement is executed?

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary > ALL
(SELECT salary FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG');

The names of all IT Programmers.

The names of employees who earn more than every IT Programmer. (*)
The names of employees who earn more than at least one IT
Programmer.
The names of employees who earn more than half of the IT
Programmers.
8. When using a subquery, the =ANY and IN operators are logically identical; they will
always give the same result as each other. True or False?
True (*)
False

Test: Quiz 7: Writing PL/SQL Executable Statements

1. Which of the following is correct?
v_family_name = SMITH;
V_FAMILY_NAME = SMITH;
v_family_name := SMITH;
v_family_name := 'SMITH'; (*)

2. PL/SQL statements must be written on a single line.

216
 True
False (*)
3. The DECODE and MAX functions can be used in PL/SQL statements. True or False?
True
False (*)
4. When PL/SQL converts data automatically from one data type to another, it is called
_______ conversion.
Explicit
Implicit (*)
TO_CHAR

5. Which of the following statements about implicit conversions is NOT true? (

Code containing implicit conversions typically runs faster than code containing explicit
conversions. (*)
Code containing implicit conversions may not work in the future if Oracle changes the
conversion rules.
Code containing implicit conversions is harder to read and understand
6. Using implicit conversions is good programming practice.
True
False (*)

7. Which explicit function is used to convert a character into a number?

TO_DATE
TO_NUMBER (*)
TO_CHAR
8. Which of the following are valid PL/SQL operators? (Choose three.)

Concatenation (*)
Exception
Exponential (*)
Arithmetic (*)

9. Examine the following code: DECLARE x VARCHAR2(20); BEGIN x:= 5 + 4 * 5 ;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x); END; What value of x will be displayed?
45
29
25 (*)
14

10. The TO_CHAR function is used for explicit data type conversions. True or False?
True (*)
False

11. Examine the following block. What should be coded at Line A?

DECLARE
v_char VARCHAR2(8) := '24/09/07';
v_date DATE;
BEGIN
v_date := ....... Line A

217
END;
v_date := FROM_CHAR(v_char,'dd/mm/yy');
v_date := TO_DATE(v_char,'dd/mm/yy'); (*)
v_date := v_char;

12. Which of the following data type conversions can be done implicitly? (Choose two.)

DATE to NUMBER
NUMBER to VARCHAR2 (*)
NUMBER to PLS_INTEGER (*)

13. PL/SQL can implicitly convert a CHAR to a NUMBER, provided the CHAR contains
a numeric value, for example '123'. True or False?
True (*)
False

14. The LENGTH and ROUND functions can be used in PL/SQL statements. True or
False?
True (*)
False

15. What will happen when the following code is executed?

DECLARE v_new_date DATE;
BEGIN
v_new_date := 'Today';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_new_date);
END;

The block will execute and display today's date.

The block will execute and display the word "Today".
The block will fail because the character value "Today" cannot be implicitly converted to a
date. (*)

Test: Quiz 8: Nested Blocks and Variable Scope

1. Examine the following code. What is the scope of variable v_myvar?

DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_myvar := 6;
DECLARE
v_hervar NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_hervar := 4;
END;
END;

218
 Only the outer block
Both the inner and the outer block (*)
Only the inner block
Neither block

2. What values will be displayed when the following code is executed?

DECLARE
v_mynum NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_mynum := 7;
DECLARE
v_mynum NUMBER;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_mynum);
v_mynum := 3;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_mynum);
END;

3,3
3,7
Null, 7 (*)
Null, 3

3. What is wrong with this code?

DECLARE
v_a NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_a := 27;
<<inner_block>>
BEGIN
v_a := 15;
END;

The outer block has no label.

Variable v_a is out of scope within the inner block and therefore cannot be referenced.
The inner block has no END; statement. (*)
Nothing is wrong, the code will execute successfully.

4. Examine the following code. At Line A, we want to assign a value of 25 to the outer
block's variable (V1). What must we do?

DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER; -- This is V1
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_myvar NUMBER := 8;

219
 BEGIN
-- Line A
END;
END; Mark for Review
(1) Points

At Line A, code:
v_myvar := 25;

Label both blocks and at line A, code:

v_myvar := 25;

It cannot be done because the outer block's v_myvar is out of scope at Line A.
Label the outer block and (at Line A) dot-prefix v_myvar with the block label. (*)
It cannot be done because the outer block's v_myvar is in scope but not visible at Line A.

5. What happens when an exception occurs in the executable section of a PL/SQL block
Oracle keeps trying to re-execute the statement which caused the exception.
The remaining statements in the executable section are not executed. Instead, Oracle looks for
an EXCEPTION section in the block. (*)
The remaining statements in the executable section of the block are executed.
The exception is always propagated to the calling environment.

6. Examine the following code. Line A causes an exception. What will be displayed
when the block is executed?
DECLARE
x NUMBER := 10;
y NUMBER;
BEGIN
x := 15;
y := 'Happy'; -- Line A
x := 20;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x);
END;

10
20
15 (*)
Nothing is displayed

7. An inner block is nested within an outer block. An exception occurs within the inner
block, but the inner block does not have an EXCEPTION section. What happens?

The exception is propagated to the outer block and the remaining executable statements in the
outer block are skipped. (*)
The exception is propagated to the outer block and the remaining executable statements in the
outer block are executed.

220
Oracle automatically tries to re-execute the inner block.
The outer block is bypassed and the exception is always propagated to the calling
environment.

8. Examine the following nested blocks. Line B causes an exception. What will be
displayed when this code is executed?

DECLARE
var_1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
var_1 := 4;
DECLARE
var_2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
var_2 := 'Unhappy'; -- Line B
var_1 := 8;
END;
var_1 := 12;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(var_1);
END;
Unhappy
12
8
4 (*)

Test: Quiz 9: Good Programming Practices

1. Which of the following are examples of good programming practice? (Choose three.)

Document code with comments. (*)

Use implicit data type conversions.
Develop naming conventions for identifiers and other objects. (*)
Indent code so that it can be read more easily. (*)
Use table column names as the names of variables.

2. What symbol is used to comment a series of lines?

/ / before and after the comment
/* */ before and after the comment (*)
* * before and after the comment

3. Comments change how a PL/SQL program executes, so an unsuitable comment can

cause the program to fail. True or False?
True
False (*)

221
4. Examine the following code:
DECLARE
v_first_name varchar2 (30);
v_salary number (10);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, salary
INTO v_first_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
END;

Which programming guideline would improve this code?

Use a suitable naming convention for variables.
Indent the code to make it more readable. (*)
Use upper and lower case consistently.

5. Which of the following makes PL/SQL code easier to read and maintain?
Place multiple statements on the same line.
Type everything in lowercase.
Use suitable comments in the code. (*)

Section 3
Quiz 1 Test: Quiz: Review of SQL DML
1. When inserting a row into a table, the VALUES clause must include a value for every
column of the table.
True or False (*)?

222
 2. Is it possible to insert more than one row at a
time using an INSERT statement with a
VALUES clause?

No, you can only create one row at a time when using the VALUES clause. (*)
Yes, you can list as many rows as you want, just remember to separate the rows with commas.
No, there is no such thing as INSERT ... VALUES.

3. To modify an existing row in a table, you can use the ________ statement.

MODIFY
INSERT
ALTER
UPDATE (*)

4. What would be the result of the following statement: DELETE employees;

Nothing, no data will be changed.

All rows in the employees table will be deleted. (*)
The statement will fail because it contains a syntax error.
The row with EMPOYEE_ID=100 will be deleted.

223
5. What is wrong with the following statement?
DELETE from employees WHERE salary > (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

You cannot code a subquery inside a DELETE statement.

You cannot use inequality operators such as "<" and ">" inside a DELETE statement.
Nothing is wrong, the statement will execute correctly. (*)

6. What is wrong with the following statement? MERGE INTO emps e USING new_emps ne
ON (e.employee_id = ne.employee_id) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET ne.salary
= e.salary WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (ne.employee_id,
ne.first_name, ne.last_name, .... ne.salary, ....);

The UPDATE clause must include the target table name: UPDATE emps SET ....
The INSERT clause must include a column list as well as a list of column values.
The SET clause is trying to update the source table from the target table. (*)
Nothing is wrong, the statement will execute correctly.

7. Look at this SQL statement: MERGE INTO old_trans ot USING new_trans nt ON

(ot.trans_id = nt.trans_id) .... ; OLD_TRANS is the source table and NEW_TRANS is the
target table. True or false?

True
False (*)

8. You want to modify existing rows in a table.

Which of the following are NOT needed in your SQL statement? (Choose Two)

A MODIFY clause (*)

An UPDATE clause
The name of the table
The name of the column(s) you want to modify.
A new value for the column you want to modify (this can be an expression or a subquery).
A WHERE clause. (*)

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Quiz 2 Test: Quiz: Retrieving Data in PL/SQL

1. Which SQL statements can be used directly in

a PL/SQL block? (Choose two.)

GRANT EXECUTE ON ...

SELECT * INTO ... (*)

REVOKE SELECT ON ...

225
UPDATE employees SET... (*)

ALTER TABLE employees ..

226
2. Which one of these SQL statements can be
directly included in a PL/SQL executable block?
IF... THEN...;

INSERT INTO...; (*)

227
 SELECT * FROM DUAL;

SHOW USER;

3. Which of the following is NOT a valid guideline for retrieving data in PL/SQL?

erminate the SQL statement with a semicolon (;)

Do NOT use a WHERE clause in SELECT statements. (*)

Where possible, declare variables using the %TYPE attribute.

Specify the same number of variables in the INTO clause as database columns in the
SELECT clause.

4. It is good programming practice to create identifiers having the same name as column
names. True or False?
True

False (*)

5. Does PL/SQL allow you to have a variable

with the same name as a database column?
No

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 Yes (*)

6. When used in a PL/SQL block, which SQL statement must return exactly one row?
INSERT

UPDATE

SELECT (*)

MERGE

DELETE

7. Look at this PL/SQL block: DECLARE v_count NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO v_count FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000; END; No employees earn more
than $50000. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose two).

229
The SELECT will return value 0 into V_COUNT. (*)

The SELECT will fail because it does NOT return exactly one row.

The block will fail because variable V_SALARY was not declared.

The SELECT returns exactly one row. (*)

230
 The block will fail because no results are displayed to the user.

8. What will happen when the following block is

executed? DECLARE v_last employees.last_name%TYPE; v_first
employees.first_name%TYPE; v_salary employees.salary%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT
first_name, last_name INTO v_first, v_last, v_salary FROM employees WHERE
employee_id=100; END;

The block will fail because the SELECT statement returns more than one row.

231
 The block will fail because the SELECT is trying to read two columns into three PL/SQL
variables. (*)

The block will fail because V_LAST was declared before V_FIRST.

The block will execute successfully, and the V_SALARY variable will be set to NULL.

Quiz 3 Test: Quiz: Manipulating Data in PL/SQL

1. You can use implicit cursor attributes such as SQL%ROWCOUNT directly inside a DML
statement. For example: INSERT INTO log_table VALUES (SYSDATE, USER,
SQL%ROWCOUNT); True or False?
True

232
 False (*)

2. Which of the following SQL DML commands

can be used inside a PL/SQL block?

233
 INSERT and UPDATE only.
UPDATE and DELETE only.
INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE only.
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and MERGE. (*)

3. Employee_id 999 does not exist. What will happen when the following code is executed?
DECLARE employee_id employees.employee_id%TYPE := 999; BEGIN UPDATE
employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = employee_id; END;
No rows are updated but the block completes successfully.
Every employee row is updated. (*)
An exception is raised because you cannot give a variable the same name as a table column.
An exception is raised because the UPDATE statement did not modify any rows.

4. There are three employees in department 90. What will be displayed when the following
code is executed? DECLARE v_open CHAR(3) := 'NO'; BEGIN UPDATE employees SET
job_id = 'ST_CLERK' WHERE department_id = 90; IF SQL%FOUND THEN v_open :=
'YES'; END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_open || ' ' || SQL%ROWCOUNT); END;
NO 3
YES 1
YES 3 (*)
Nothing will be displayed. The block will fail because you cannot use implicit cursor
attributes directly in a call to DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE.

5. A PL/SQL block contains the following DML statement: UPDATE wf_countries SET
population = population * 1.1 WHERE country_id = 229; Which kind of cursor is used for
this statement?
An implicit cursor named "WF_COUNTRIES".
An implicit cursor named "SQL". (*)
An explicit cursor named "SQL".
An explicit cursor which must be declared and named by the PL/SQL programmer.

6. Which of the following use an implicit cursor?

DML statements only.
SELECT statements only.

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DML statements and SELECT statements which return a single row. (*)
COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements only.

Quiz 4 Test: Quiz: Using Transaction Control Statements

1. How many transactions are in the following block?
BEGIN
INSERT INTO countries (country_id, country_name)
VALUES ('XA', 'Xanadu');
INSERT INTO countries (country_id, country_name)
VALUES ('NV', 'Neverland');
UPDATE countries SET country_name='Deutchland'
WHERE country_id='DE';
UPDATE countries SET region_id=1
WHERE country_name LIKE '%stan';
END;
How many transactions are shown above?

Four; each DML is a separate transaction

Two; both the INSERTs are one transaction and both the UPDATEs are a second transaction.
It depends on how many rows are updated - there will be a separate transaction for each row.
One (*)

2. How many INSERTs can you have in one transaction?

One
As many as you want until you do a COMMIT or ROLLBACK. (*)
As many as you can execute before the database does an AUTOSAVE.
As many as you want until a different DML statement (UPDATE, DELETE or MERGE) is
executed.

3. In a PL/SQL block, where can you code a COMMIT statement?

In any section of the block: Declaration, Executable, or Exception.
Only the Executable section.
In the Executable and/or the Exception sections. (*)
Nowhere; the COMMIT statement must be outside the block.

4. Examine the following code: BEGIN

INSERT INTO animals VALUES ('aa','aardvarks');
SAVEPOINT sp_1;
INSERT INTO animals VALUES ('bb','big birds');
SAVEPOINT sp_2;
ROLLBACK TO sp_1;
INSERT INTO animals VALUES ('cc','cool cats');
COMMIT;
END;
Which row(s) will be in the ANIMALS table after this block is executed?

cool cats

235
big birds and cool cats
aardvaarks and cool cats (*)
aardvaarks, big birds and cool cats

SECTIUNEA 8
Quiz 1
1. A stored function:
must have at least one IN parameter.
cannot be called in a SQL statement.
must return one and only one value. (*)
is called as a standalone executable statement.

2. A PL/SQL function can have IN OUT parameters. True or False?

True False (*)
3. CREATE FUNCTION get_sal
(p_id employees.employee_id%TYPE))
RETURN number
IS
v_sal employees.salary%TYPE := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_sal
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_id;
RETURN v_sal;
END get_sal;

Which variable is passed to the function and which variable is returned from the function?

GET_SAL is passed and V_SAL is returned.

SALARY is passed and P_ID is returned.
EMPLOYEE_ID is passed and SALARY is returned.
P_ID is passed and V_SAL is returned. (*)

4. You have created a function called GET_COUNTRY_NAME which accepts a

country_id as an IN parameter and returns the name of the country. Which one of the
following calls to the function will NOT work?
v_name := get_country_name(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(get_country_name(100));
SELECT get_country_name(100) FROM dual;
BEGIN get_country_name(100, v_name); END; (*)

5. The following function has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_sal
(p_emp_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE)
RETURN NUMBER IS ...

We want to invoke this function from the following anonymous block:

236
DECLARE
v_mynum NUMBER(6,2);
v_mydate DATE;
BEGIN
... Line A
END;

Which of the following would you include at Line A?

find_sal(100,v_mynum);
v_mynum := find_sal(100); (*)
v_mydate := find_sal(100);
find_sal(v_mynum,100);

6. Function GET_JOB accepts an employee id as input and returns that employee's job
id. Which of the following calls to the function will NOT work?
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(get_job(100));
IF get_job(100) = 'IT_PROG' THEN ...
get_job(100,v_job_id); (*)
v_job_id := get_job(100);

7. Function MYFUNC1 has been created, but has failed to compile because it contains
syntax errors. We now try to create procedure MYPROC1 which invokes this function. Which
of the following statements is true?
MYPROC1 will compile correctly, but will fail when it is executed.
MYPROC1 will compile and execute succesfully.
MYPROC1 will fail to compile because the function is invalid. (*)
MYPROC1 will compile and execute successfully, except that the call to MYFUNC1 will be
treated as a comment and ignored.

8. Which of the following is found in a function and not a procedure?

An exception section.
IN parameters.
Local variables in the IS/AS section.
Return statement in the header. (*)

9. Procedure p1 has a single OUT parameter of type DATE. Function f1 returns a DATE.
What is the difference between p1 and f1?
p1 can be invoked from an anonymous block but f1 cannot
f1 can be used within a SQL statement but p1 cannot (*)
p1 can have as many IN parameters as needed but f1 cannot have more than two IN paramete

There is no difference because they both return a single value of the same datatype

10. What is wrong with the following code?

CREATE FUNCTION annual_comp

(sal employees.salary%TYPE,
comm_pct IN employees.commission%TYPE)
RETURN NUMBER(5,2)
IS

237
RETURN (sal*12) + NVL(comm_pct,0)*12*sal;
END annual_comp;

The sal parameter should specify the IN keyword.

The RETURN NUMBER has a scale and precision. (*)
There should be parentheses (brackets) around
NVL(comm_pct,0)*12*sal
The END; statement should not include the function name.

11. Based on the following function definition:

Create function annual_comp

(sal employees.salary%type,
comm_pct In employees.commission%type)
...

Which one of the following is an incorrect call for annual_comp?

Execute dbms_output.put_line(annual_comp (1000,.2))

Select employee_id, annual_comp(salary, commission_pct) from employees;
Declare Ann_comp number (6,2); Begin ... Ann_comp := annual_comp(1000,.2); ... End;
Select employee_id, annual_comp(salary) from employees; (*)

12. To create a function successfully, the following steps should be performed:

A. Re-execute the code until it compiles correctly
B. Write the code containing the CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION followed by the
function code
C. Test the function from a SQL statement or an anonymous block
D. If the function fails to compile, correct the errors
E. Load the code into Application Express
F. Execute the code in Application Express
G. What is the correct order to perform these steps?

B,E,F,D,A,C (*)
D,B,E,F,A,C
B,C,E,F,D,A
A,B,E,F,D,C

Test: Quiz 2: Using Functions in SQL Statements

1. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of user-defined functions?

They can add business rules to the database and can be reused many times.
They can be used in a WHERE clause to filter data.
They can do the same job as built-in system functions such as UPPER and ROUND.
(*)
They can often be used inside SQL statements.

2. User-defined functions can extend the power of SQL statements where Oracle does
not provide ready-made functions such as UPPER and LOWER. True or False?

238
 True (*) False

3. Which of the following is NOT a legal location for a function call in a SQL statement?

FROM clause of a SELECT statement (*)

WHERE clause in a DELETE statement
SET clause of an UPDATE statement
VALUES clause of an INSERT statement

4. The following function has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION upd_dept

(p_dept_id IN departments.department_id%TYPE)
RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
UPDATE departments SET department_name = 'Accounting'
WHERE department_id = p_dept_id;
RETURN p_dept_id;
END;

Which of the following will execute successfully?

DELETE FROM departments

WHERE department_id = upd_dept(department_id);

SELECT upd_dept(department_id)
FROM employees;

DELETE FROM employees

WHERE department_id = upd_dept(80);(*)

SELECT upd_dept(80)
FROM dual;

5. You want to create a function which can be used in a SQL statement. Which one of the
following can be coded within your function?

RETURN BOOLEAN
One or more IN parameters (*)
An OUT parameter
COMMIT;

6. Function DOUBLE_SAL has been created as follows:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION double_sal

(p_salary IN employees.salary%TYPE)
RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN

239
RETURN(p_salary * 2);
END;

Which of the following calls to DOUBLE_SAL will NOT work?

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE double_sal(salary) > 20000;

SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY double_sal(salary) DESC;

UPDATE employees
SET salary = double_sal(salary);

SELECT last_name, double_sal(salary)

FROM employees;

None of the above; they will all work (*)

Test: Quiz 3: Review of Data Dictionary

1. Which of the following best describes the Data Dictionary?
It is a set of tables which can be updated by any user who has the necessary privileges.
It is an automatically managed master catalog of all the objects stored in the database. (*)
It contains a backup copy of all the data in the database.
It contains a list of all database tables which are not in any schema.

2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the Data Dictionary?

It allows us to remind ourselves of the names of our tables, in case we have fogotten them.

It allows us to check which system privileges have been granted to us.

It will speed up the execution of SELECT statements in which the WHERE clause column is
not indexed. (*)
It allows the PL/SQL compiler to check for object existence; for example, when creating a
procedure which references a table, the PL/SQL compiler can check that the table exists.

3. User BOB is not a database administrator. BOB wants to see the names of all the
tables in his schema, as well as all the tables in other users' schemas which he has privileges
to use. Which Data Dictionary view would BOB query to do this?

USER_TABLES
ALL_TABLES (*)
DBA_TABLES

240
 USER_TAB_COLUMNS
None of the above.

4. User MARY executes the SQL statement:

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM USER_VIEWS;

A value of 15 is returned. Which of the following statements is true?

There are 15 views in Mary's schema. (*)
Mary has created views on 15 of her tables.
There are 15 views in the database.
Other users have granted Mary SELECT privilege on 15 of their views.

5. A user executes the following statement:

CREATE INDEX fn_index ON employees(first_name);

What output will the following statement now display:

SELECT index_name
FROM user_indexes
WHERE index_name LIKE 'fn%';

fn_index
FN_INDEX
fn_index FN_INDEX
No output will be displayed (*)

6. Which of the following will display how many objects of each type are in a user's
schema? SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM user_objects;

SELECT object_type, COUNT(*)

FROM user_objects
GROUP BY object_type;(*)

SELECT object_type, COUNT(*)

FROM all_objects
GROUP BY object_type;

DESCRIBE user_objects
GROUP BY object_type;

7. Which of the following statements about the "super-view" DICTIONARY is true?

It lists all the dictionary views.

It can be thought of as a "catalog of the master catalog".
We can use it like a Web search engine to remind ourselves of the names of dictionary
views.

241
 All of the above. (*)
None of the above.

8. You have forgotten the name of the Dictionary view USER_TABLES. Which of the
following statements is the best and quickest way to remind yourself?

SELECT * FROM dictionary

WHERE table_name LIKE 'USER%';
Read the online Oracle documentation at http://technet.oracle.com.
SELECT * FROM dict
WHERE table_name LIKE 'USER%TAB%';(*)

SELECT * FROM dictionary

WHERE table_name = 'USER_TABLES';
Phone the database administrator.

Test: Quiz 4: Managing Procedures and Functions

1. proc_a has been created as follows:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc_a IS

v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 999;
/* This SELECT will raise an exception because employee_id 999 does not exist */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This SELECT failed');
END;

proc_b is now created as follows:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc_b IS

BEGIN
proc_a;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('proc_a was invoked');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An exception occurred');
END;

What will be displayed when proc_b is executed?

An exception occurred (*)

This SELECT failed

proc_a was invoked

242
An exception occurred

This SELECT failed

This SELECT failed

proc_a was invoked
Nothing will be displayed

2. Procedure ins_emp accepts an employee_id as an IN parameter and attempts to insert a

row with that employee_id into the EMPLOYEES table. Ins_emp does not contain an
exception section. A second procedure is created as follows:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE call_ins_emp IS

BEGIN
ins_emp(99); -- this employee does not exist
ins_emp(100); -- this employee already exists
ins_emp(999); -- this employee does not exist
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An exception occurred');
END;

When call_ins_emp is executed, which rows will be inserted into the EMPLOYEES table?

99 only (*)
99 and 999
All three rows will be inserted
999 only
No rows will be inserted

3. The database administrator has granted the DROP ANY PROCEDURE privilege to
user KIM. This allows Kim to remove other users' procedures and functions from the
database. How would Kim now drop function GET_EMP, which is owned by user
MEHMET?

DROP FUNCTION get_emp FROM mehmet

DROP FUNCTION mehmet.get_emp (*)
DROP PROCEDURE mehmet.get_emp
DROP PROGRAM mehmet.get_emp
None of the above

4. You need to remove procedure BADPROC from your schema. What is the correct
syntax to do this?
DELETE PROCEDURE badproc;
DROP PROGRAM badproc;
ALTER PROCEDURE badproc DISABLE;
DROP PROCEDURE badproc (*)

243
5. Which view would you query to see the detailed code of a procedure?
user_source (*)
user_procedures
user_objects
user_dependencies
user_errors
6. Which dictionary view will list all the PL/SQL subprograms in your schema?
user_source
user_procedures
user_objects (*)
user_dependencies
user_subprograms

Test: Quiz 5: Review of Object Privileges

1. User SVETLANA creates a view called EMP_VIEW that is based on a SELECT from
her EMPLOYEES table. Svetlana now wants user PHIL to be able to query the view. What is
the smallest set of object privileges that Svetlana must grant to Phil?

SELECT on EMP_VIEW and SELECT on

EMPLOYEES
SELECT and EXECUTE on EMP_VIEW
SELECT on EMP_VIEW (*)
SELECT on EMP_VIEW and REFERENCES on
EMPLOYEES

2. User COLLEEN owns an EMPLOYEES table and wants to allow user AYSE to create
indexes on the table. Which object privilege must Colleen grant to Ayse?

SELECT on EMPLOYEES
INDEX on EMPLOYEES (*)
ALTER on EMPLOYEES
CREATE on EMPLOYEES
None of the above

3. User FRED creates a procedure called DEL_DEPT using Definer's Rights, which
deletes a row from Fred's DEPARTMENTS table. What privilege(s) will user BOB need to be
able to execute Fred's procedure?
EXECUTE on DEL_DEPT (*)
EXECUTE on DEL_DEPT and DELETE on
DEPARTMENTS
EXECUTE on DEL_DEPT and DELETE on
FRED.DEPARTMENTS
DELETE on FRED.DEPARTMENTS

4. USERB creates a function called SEL_PROC (using Definer's Rights) which includes
the statement:

SELECT ... FROM usera.employees ...;

244
USERC needs to execute UserB's procedure. What privileges are needed for this to work
correctly? (Choose two.)

UserB needs SELECT on userA.employees (*)

UserC needs SELECT on userA.employees
UserC needs EXECUTE on userB.sel_proc (*)
UserA needs EXECUTE on userB.sel_proc
UserC needs EXECUTE on Userb
5. User DIANE owns a DEPARTMENTS table. User JOEL needs to update the
location_id column of Diane's table, but no other columns. Which SQL statement should
Diane execute to allow this?
GRANT UPDATE ON departments TO joel;
GRANT UPDATE ON departments(location_id) TO
joel;
GRANT UPDATE ON departments.location_id TO joel;
GRANT UPDATE(location_id) ON departments TO
joel; (*)
GRANT UPDATE ON location_id OF departments TO
joel;

6. User TOM needs to grant both SELECT and INSERT privileges on both his
EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENTS tables to both DICK and HARRY. What is the smallest
number of GRANT statements needed to do this?
1
2 (*)
3
4
8

Test: Quiz 6: Using Invoker's Rights

1. Procedure GET_EMPS includes a SELECT ... FROM EMPLOYEES. The procedure

was created using Invoker's Rights. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose
two.)

The user who executes the procedure needs EXECUTE privilege on the procedure. (*)
The creator of the procedure needs SELECT privilege on EMPLOYEES.
The user who executes the procedure does not need any privileges.
The user who executes the procedure needs SELECT privilege on EMPLOYEES. (*)

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to create a procedure using Invoker's
Rights?
CREATE PROCEDURE myproc IS
AUTHID CURRENT_USER
BEGIN ...

CREATE PROCEDURE myproc

245
AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS
BEGIN ... (*)

CREATE PROCEDURE AUTHID CURRENT_USER myproc IS

BEGIN ...

CREATE PROCEDURE myproc IS

BEGIN
AUTHID CURRENT_USER ...

3. User SALLY's schema contains a NEWEMP table. Sally uses Invoker's rights to
create procedure GET_NEWEMP which includes the line:

SELECT ... FROM NEWEMP ... ;

Sally also grants EXECUTE privilege on the procedure to CURLY, but no other privileges.
What will happen when Curly executes the procedure?

The procedure will execute successfully.

The procedure will fail because Curly does not have SELECT privilege on NEWEMP.
The procedure will fail because there is no NEWEMP table in Curly's schema. (*)
The procedure will fail because Curly does not have the EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE
system privilege.

4. Users SYS (the DBA), TOM, DICK and HARRY each have an EMPLOYEES table in
their schemas. SYS creates a procedure DICK.SEL_EMP using Invoker's Rights which
contains the following code:

SELECT ... FROM EMPLOYEES ... ;

HARRY now executes the procedure. Which employees table will be queried?
SYS.EMPLOYEES
DICK.EMPLOYEES
HARRY.EMPLOYEES (*)
None of the above

Sectiunea 12
Test: Quiz 1: Understanding Dependencies
1. PL/SQL procedure A invokes procedure B, which in turn invokes procedure C, which
references table T. If table T is dropped, which of the following statements is true?

C is invalid but A and B are still valid

A, B and C are all invalid (*)
B and C are invalid but A is still valid
A, B and C are all still valid
None of the above

246
2. A procedure show_emps contains the following declaration:
CURSOR emp_curs IS SELECT last_name, salary FROM employees;
What will happen to the procedure if a new column is added to the employees table?
The procedure will still be valid and execute correctly because it does not reference the added
column.
The procedure will automatically be dropped and must be recreated.
The procedure will be marked invalid and must be recompiled before it can be reexecuted. (*)
Users' privileges to execute the procedure will automatically be revoked.

3. View dept_view is based on a select from table departments. Procedure show_dept

contains code which selects from dept_view. Which of the following statements are true?
(Choose three.)
departments is indirectly dependent on show_dept
show_dept is directly dependent on emp_view (*)
dept_view is directly dependent on departments (*)
show_dept is indirectly dependent on departments (*)
emp_view is directly dependent on show_dept

4. A single PL/SQL subprogram such as a procedure can be both a referenced object and
a dependent object. True or False?
True (*)
False
5. Which data dictionary view shows information about references and dependencies?

DEPTREE
USER_DEPENDENCIES (*)
USER_REFERENCES
USER_LOCAL_DEPENDENCIES

6. Which of the following statements will show whether procedure myproc is valid or
invalid?
SELECT status FROM USER_OBJECTS
WHERE object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND object_name = 'MYPROC'; (*)

SELECT status FROM USER_PROCEDURES

WHERE procedure_name = 'MYPROC';

SELECT valid FROM USER_OBJECTS

WHERE object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND object_name = 'MYPROC';

SELECT * FROM deptree;

7. Which of the following database objects are created when the utldtree.sql script is run?
The utldtree table
The deptree_temptab table (*)
The deptree and ideptree views (*)
The deptree table

247
 The deptree_fill procedure (*)

8. User ALICE owns a procedure show_emps which references table employees. Which
of the following will generate information that shows this dependency?
BEGIN deptree_fill('TABLE','EMPLOYEES');
END;

BEGIN deptree_fill('PROCEDURE','ALICE','SHOW_EMPS');
END;

BEGIN deptree_fill('ALICE','TABLE','EMPLOYEES');
END;

BEGIN deptree_fill('TABLE','ALICE','EMPLOYEES');
END; (*)

BEGIN deptree_fill('ALICE','PROCEDURE','SHOW_EMPS');
END;

9. A SELECT from DEPTREE produced the following output.

NESTED_LEVEL TYPE NAME
0 TABLE EMPLOYEES
1 VIEW EMP_VW
2 PROCEDURE ADD_EMP
1 PROCEDURE QUERY_EMP
What dependencies does this show? (Choose three.)

QUERY_EMP is directly dependent on EMPLOYEES

(*)
ADD_EMP is directly dependent on EMPLOYEES
ADD_EMP is directly depedent on EMP_VW (*)
QUERY_EMP is directly dependent on ADD_EMP
EMP_VW is directly dependent on EMPLOYEES (*)

10. The IDEPTREE view shows dependencies by indenting the lines of output instead of
by using a NESTED_LEVEL column. True or False?
True (*)
False

11. Procedure get_depts has been marked invalid because one of the objects it references
has been altered. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose two.)

The procedure will be recompiled automatically the next time it is invoked. The recompilation
will always be successful.
The procedure will be recompiled automatically the next time it is invoked. The recompilation
may or may not be successful.(*)
The procedure can be recompiled manually by:
ALTER PROCEDURE get_depts COMPILE; (*)

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The procedure can be recompiled manually by:
ALTER PROCEDURE get_depts RECOMPILE;
The procedure does not need to be recompiled.

12. A procedure includes the following code:

SELECT first_name, salary INTO v_first_name, v_salary

FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;

Which of the following changes to the employees table will allow the procedure to be
recompiled successfully ? (Choose two.)
The table is dropped but a public table exists with the same name and structure.
(*)
The table is dropped.
A new column is added to the table. (*)
The table name is changed to newemps.
The first_name column is dropped from the table.

13. Which of the following will NOT help to minimize dependency failures? (Choose
two.)

SELECTing a list of column names instead of using SELECT * (*)

Declaring records using the %ROWTYPE attribute
Including a column list with INSERT statements
Declaring scalar variables with NOT NULL if the corresponding table column has a NOT
NULL constraint (*)
Declaring scalar variables using the %TYPE attribute
14. Package emp_pack contains two public procedures: get_emps and upd_emps. A
separate procedure emp_proc invokes emp.pack.get_emps. The upd_emps package body code
is now altered, and the package body (but not the package specification) is recreated.

emp_proc will be marked invalid and needs to be recompiled. True or False?

True
False (*)

SECTIUNEA 7
Test: Quiz 1: Creating Procedures
1. In an anonymous block, what is the keyword that starts the section where variables are
declared?
AS
IS
either IS or AS
DECLARE (*)

2. In a stored subprogram such as a function or procedure, which keyword starts the

section where local variables (not parameters) are declared?
AS

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 IS
either IS or AS (*)
DECLARE

3. Where is the code of a PL/SQL subprogram stored?

On the user's PC.
As a file in the user's home directory on the computer where the
database is.
In the calling application.
nside the Oracle database. (*)

4. What is the main component of a stored PL/SQL procedure?

Anonymous blocks
Named blocks of BEGIN/END code (*)
C++ code
Java code

5. What kind(s) of code can go in a stored procedure?

SQL only
PL/SQL only
A mix of SQL and PL/SQL (*)
A mix of SQL and PL/SQL and Java

6. What is the correct command to make a new procedure called MYPROC?

ALTER PROCEDURE myproc NEW;
SELECT myproc FROM USER_PROCEDURES;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myprocﾅ (*)
SAVE PROCEDURE AS myproc;

7. Assuming you are USER1, what is the PL/SQL syntax for invoking a stored procedure
named "myproc" owned by a user named "USER2"?
EXECUTE USER2.myproc;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE USER2.myproc;
call user2.myproc;
user2.myproc; (*)

8. You try to create a stored procedure called MYPROC1, but you make a number of
syntax errors. Where are your errors stored?
In MYPROC1.ERRORS
In a table named ERROR.LOG
In the dictionary view USER_ERRORS (*)
In a subprogram called ERRORS.MYPROC1

9. You have created a stored procedure called MYPROC2. Where is your detailed
procedure code stored?
In the dictionary view USER_PROCEDURES
In a table named LOG_ERRORS
In the dictionary view USER_SOURCE (*)
In the dictionary view USER_CODE

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10. Which one of the following is a benefit of using stored subprograms?
Many users can share a single copy of the code in memory. (*)
They make backups of important data easier.
They automatically encrypt data.
They do not accept parameters.

11. You have created a procedure called MYPROC. Now you change some of the code
and want to recreate the procedure. What is the correct command to do this?
ALTER PROCEDURE myproc COMPILE;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc ... (*)
REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc ...
SAVE PROCEDURE AS myproc;

12. Which one of the following is a benefit of using stored subprograms?

They are easier to test in Application Express.
The code is written and compiled once but can be reused many times.
(*)
You can bypass security rules and read confidential data from the
database.
They require less knowledge of PL/SQL.

13. You tried to create a stored procedure named YOURPROC but you made a number of
errors. You now correct the errors and try to recreate the procedure by re-executing: CREATE
PROCEDURE yourproc ..... What will happen when you do this?

The procedure will be created successfully.

The statement will fail; you should have typed: REPLACE PROCEDURE yourproc ....
The statement will fail because the source code of the procedure has already been loaded into
the database, so an object called YOURPROC already exists. (*)
The statement will fail because you do not have the privilege needed to create a procedure.

Test: Quiz 2: Using Parameters in Procedures

1. Which of the following best describes the difference between a parameter and an
argument?
They are both names of variables. A parameter is passed into the procedure, while an
argument is passed out of the procedure
A parameter is the name of a variable, while an argument is the datatype of that variable
A parameter is the name of a variable that is passed into or out of a procedure, while an
argument is the value of that variable (*)
There is no difference, parameters and arguments are the same thing

2. What is the correct syntax to create procedure MYPROC that accepts two number
parameters X and Y?

CREATE PROCEDURE myproc (x NUMBER, y

NUMBER) IS ... (*)

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 CREATE PROCEDURE (x NUMBER, y NUMBER)
myproc IS ...
CREATE PROCEDURE myproc IS (x NUMBER, y
NUMBER) ...
CREATE PROCEDURE IS myproc (x NUMBER, y
NUMBER) ﾅ

3. Which of the following can be used as an argument for a procedure parameter?

The name of a variable.

A literal value.
An expression.
All of the above. (*)
None of the above.

4. A procedure has been created as:

CREATE PROCEDURE myproc

(p_left NUMBER, p_right NUMBER)
IS BEGIN ....

You want to call the procedure from an anonymous block. Which of the following calls is
valid?
myproc(p_left, p_right);
myproc(v_left, v_right);
myproc(v_left, 30);
All of the above. (*)

5. What is the purpose of using parameters with stored procedures?

They prevent the procedure from modifying data in the database.

They allow values to be passed between the calling environment and the procedure.
(*)
They count the number of exceptions raised by the procedure.
They speed up the execution of the procedure.

6. Procedure NUMPROC has been created as:

CREATE PROCEDURE numproc

(x NUMBER, y NUMBER := 100, z NUMBER)
IS BEGIN ....
You want to call the procedure, passing arguments of 10 for X and 20 for Z. Which one of the
following calls is correct?
myproc(10,,20);
myproc(x=10,z=20);
myproc(10,z=>20); (*)
myproc(x=>10,20);
7. Procedure SUBPROC was created as:

CREATE PROCEDURE subproc

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(p_param VARCHAR2)
IS BEGIN ...

You invoke the procedure by:

DECLARE
v_param VARCHAR2(20) := 'Smith';
BEGIN
subproc(v_param);
END;

Which of the following is the actual parameter?

p_param
v_param (*)
Smith'
None of the above.

8. Which one of the following statements about formal and actual parameters is true?

Formal and actual parameters must have the same name.

Formal and actual parameters must have different names.
A formal parameter is declared within the called procedure, while an actual parameter is
declared in the calling environment. (*)
An actual parameter is declared within the called procedure.

9. Procedure TESTPROC accepts one parameter P1, whose value is up to 1000

characters in length. Which one of the following declares this parameter correctly?

CREATE PROCEDURE testproc (p1 VARCHAR2(100) ) IS BEGIN ....

CREATE PROCEDURE testproc IS p1 VARCHAR2(100); BEGIN ....
CREATE PROCEDURE testproc DECLARE p1 VARCHAR2(100); BEGIN ....
CREATE PROCEDURE testproc p1 VARCHAR2 IS BEGIN ....
CREATE PROCEDURE testproc (p1 VARCHAR2) IS BEGIN .... (*)

10. You want to create a procedure which accepts a single parameter. The parameter is a
number with a maximum value of 9999.99. Which of the following is a valid declaration for
this parameter?
(v_num NUMBER(6,2))
(v_num NUMBER) (*)
(v_num)
(v_num NUMBER(4,2))

Test: Quiz 3: Passing Parameters

1. What are the three parameter modes for procedures?

IN, OUT, IN OUT (*)
R(ead), W(rite), A(ppend)

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 CONSTANT, VARIABLE, DEFAULT
COPY, NOCOPY, REF

2. If you don't specify a mode for a parameter, what is the default mode?

OUT
IN (*)
COPY
DEFAULT
R(ead)

3. Which of the following statements about IN OUT parameters is true? (Choose two.)

The data type for the parameter must be VARCHAR2.

The parameter value passed into the subprogram is always returned unchanged to the calling
environment.
The parameter value can be returned as the original unchanged value. (*)
The parameter value can be returned as a new value that is set within the procedure. (*)

4. When creating a procedure, where in the code must the parameters be listed?

After the procedure name. (*)

After the keyword IS or AS.
Before the procedure name.
After the keyword PROCEDURE.

5. A procedure is invoked by this command:

myproc('Smith',100,5000);
What is the method of passing parameters used here?
Positional (*)
Named
A combination of positional and named.
None of the above

6. A procedure is invoked by this command:

myproc('Smith',salary=>5000);

What is the method of passing parameters used here?

Positional
Named
A combination of positional and named (*)
None of the above

7. Which kind of parameters cannot have a DEFAULT value?

OUT (*)
IN

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 CONSTANT
R(ead)
W(rite)

8. The following procedure has been created:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc

(p_p1 NUMBER, p_p2 VARCHAR2)
IS BEGIN ...

Which one of the following calls to the procedure will NOT work?
myproc(80, 'Smith');
myproc(p_p1 => 80, 'Smith'); (*)
myproc(80, p_p2 => 'Smith');
myproc(p_p1 => 80, p_p2 => 'Smith');

9. Three IN parameters for procedure ADD_EMPLOYEE are defined as:

(p_name VARCHAR2 ,
p_salary NUMBER := 1000,
p_hired DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE)

The procedure is invoked by:

add_employee('Jones');
What is the value of P_SALARY when the procedure starts to execute?
NULL
1000 (*)
The procedure will not compile because P_SALARY should have been coded as DEFAULT
1000
The call will fail because P_SALARY is a required parameter

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