Objectives of this Report

To know the Historical, Social, Cultural, Religious, Agricultural and other various importance of Panauti. To prepare a report on destination planning and Marketing of Panauti. Analysis of (competitive advantage, visitors management, PEST, SWOT) which helps to overcome different problem and recommendation for those problem. To gather better knowledge, idea and information about destination planning. To do situational analysis of overall Panauti and its importance being a tourism destination. To evaluate competitive advantage. To develop Panauti as one of the sustainable tourism destination.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the Little Angels College of Management, Hattiban, Lalitpur and its faculty members our co-coordinator sir Anil Burathoki and our Tourism Destination Management , subject teacher Dr. Rajiv Dahal sir for providing us an opportunity to go on a field trip and being our subject teacher .

We are very grateful to Dr. Rajiv Dahal sir, Faculty Teacher, Department of Tourism Destination Management for providing so much support for taking us to a field trip to Panauti and giving us a chance to learn new unknown knowledge all about tourism destination management which was too much effective and knowledgeable to all of us .

I would also want to thank to all of people around Panauti who kindly helped us in providing information of resources and attractions of Panauti .

Finally, I wish to thank my parents for their support and encouragement throughout my study .

Methodology
We went to Panauti by bus, it took only about 1 hr from the college [hattiban- panauti] we reached there at 11am. Where we had started our journey at 10 am, then we started our task, we were divided at different groups so to make us ease to gather as much information that we need in our preparation of the report. We had used the primary tool for the research as the questionnaire where e different question were been made so to make the ease for the gathering of the information. We had asked the question to the local people about the panauti to be familiar with it, and they had helped us a lot so we would like to thank the people of the panauti, we move here and there for gathering the information. We also got help from the Government Information Centre.

CONTENTS
State of Tourism in NEPAL 6 Introduction About Panauti Resources of Panauti State of facilities in around Panauti State of Tourism in Panauti 19 Roles of public and private sector in tourism destination development . 20 Opportunities and challenges of tourism in Panauti ........... 21 Types of recreational areas in Panauti . 22 Problems and issues of tourism destination management in Panauti . 23 Challenges ... 24 Socio-economic and cultural impacts 24 Environmental challenges Socio-economic challenges Managing tourism in and around Panauti .. 25 Tools and techniques in tourism destination planning and management in Panauti 26 Identifying the Competitor 27 Stakeholder Analysis . 30 Destination Competitive Advantage . 31 The Marketing Strategy . 31 Product Life Cycle . 32 7

Ensuring benefits for local communities and businesses 36 Providing high quality tourism services and experiences for visitors 37 Communication , education and awareness .... 37 Visitor facilities in Panauti .. 38 Interpretation and guiding for Panauti ..... 39 Destination Network Analysis ..... 39 Situational Analysis . 40 The SWOT Analysis 40 Marketing, branding and promotion 44

Planning and Policies for Panauti and tourism ... 44 Tourism policies . 45 Recommendations .. 46 Legal Frameworks . 47 Destination Control 47 Conclusion [A Last Word ] Reference and additional 48

State Of Tourism In Nepal

Tourism creates a range of opportunities, and not just through the provision of jobs and other economic benefits. When it is well-planned and effectively managed, it can also increase awareness of and support for conservation of the key resources on which tourism depends and presents an opportunity to create and strengthen community participation in Panauti. The economic benefits generated by tourism can include gains that accrue regionally from tourist expenditure (for example, on accommodation, food, transport, guides); employment generated both at Panauti . and more generally within local communities; and direct income for protected areas raised, for example, from entrance fees. Practical benefits to the poor through tourism can come from the effective channeling of visitor spending and associated investments at local scales. Because tourism is so significant for the economies of many developing countries, it raises two important questions: How well does it contribute to wider development objectives? Is tourism as effective as it could be? In considering tourism as a tool for alleviating poverty, the UNWTO has identified seven mechanisms through which the poor can benefit from tourism: 1. Employment of the poor in tourism enterprises 2. Supply of goods and services to tourism enterprises by the poor or by enterprises 3. Direct sales of goods and services to visitors by the poor (informal economy)

4. Establishment and running of small, micro or community-based tourism enterprises or joint ventures by the poor (formal economy) 5. Redistribution of proceeds from taxes or charges on tourists or tourism enterprises 6. Voluntary giving and support by tourists and tourism enterprises 7. Investment in infrastructure stimulated by tourism also benefitting the poor in the locality, directly or through support to other sectors. Source: UNWTO, 2004.

Introduction to Panauti
PANAUTI is a small and typical Newari township situated South-east of Kathmandu, found in the central regions of Nepal. Panauti is a historical city found in Nepal, as it was originally a small state given by King Bhupatindra Malla as a dowry to his sister. This town has a population below 10,000 people and a few prominent icons, such as the Indreswor temple and Durbar square found in the town center. Panauti consists of a variety of Buddhist and Hindu religious monuments, and is considered to be one of the areas most important medieval sites. Panauti is beautiful and interesting destination of Nepal. It feels as if has been left exactly the way the founders had built the town. A fresh atmosphere covers the narrow town streets and ancient structures. It is known as a Newari town that is located near Roshikhola&PunyamataKhola. Panauti can be easily reached from Kathmandu by local bus. Panauti and its outstanding rich cultural heritage is in the process of being classified as a WORLD HERITAGE SITE by UNESCO and is already been declared a protected monument Zone under the ancient monument preservation Act of 1956. The special attention for the conservation and management of the site is the joint responsibility of PANAUTI municipality and the department of Archeology of Nepal. As many villages and town are Newars, Panauti is also steeped in culture, tradition. Visitors will often find colorful stones, petals and other items that are laid out on the pavement to welcome everyone with great hospitality. Panauti Municipality comprising six village departments Panauti, Malpi, Taukhal, SubbaGaun, Sunthan and Khopasi, merged in January 24, 1997 to form a single administrative unit. The municipality is 32 km south east of Kathmandu. The Kodari highway from Kathmandu leading to Bhaktapur, Banepa, then turning the statue of the King Tribhuvan at Banepa towards south will reach Panauti in one and half hours by bus. Among these six villages, Panauti is a town of around 6000 Newari caste people with other minority people. The town is rich with the numerous Newari cultures and festival, similar to that practiced in Kathmandu valley plus its own numerous distinctive festivals and events. It is renowned for its religious sites, contains large numbers of artistic temples, stupas, and other religious monuments all of which has made Panauti the most artistic and touristic site of Nepal after Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur. The other five villages surrounding Panauti are dominant with Napali cast People. They have their own rich and ages old cultures and festivals different to that of Newari people. Tamang people, an ethnical group are scattered in a few numbers in the municipality. The municipality
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spreading merely in 95 square kilometers with population of 26000 has three different languages spoken. Thus Panauti municipality may be considered as the cultural destination for all. Besides that, Panauti has a lot more on offer to explore and marvel at: Population: Total: Male: Female: Population growth rate: 2.07% Boundary: East: saradabatase, sankhupatichaur VDC and West: kusadevi, Mahendrajyoti and North: ugratarajanagal VDC and South: kalatibhumidada, chalalganeshthan and balthali VDC

29506 14724 14782

Dhulikhel Municipality kalatibhumidada VDC Banepa Municipality

Geographical Features: Transportation: Black metalled Graveled road: Unmetalled road: Brick pavement Bridge: Suspension bridge: 6 Weather Max temp: Rain average: Weather: moderate 32c 1200mm and Min temp: (per

road: 21.19 104.78 road:

19.08

km km km 13.6km 17

temperature: 0c year)

Major Tribes: ChhetriSanyasi: MagarMijar: PariyarTamang NewarBhramin GhartiBiswokarma Thakuri

Literacy: Total literacy Female literacy Male literacy Child literacy rate: 99.08% Health Health Sub Hospital: Clinic/pharmacy: Ambulance: Meristopes center: 1

rate: rate: rate;

82.86% 73.66% 92.14%

post: health post:

facility 2 4 0 10 2

Newars are the predominant ethnic community living at Panauti. They are livingHarmoniously with other ethnic groups; Chhetris, brahmins and sanyasis. Most of the people of Panauti are depending on agriculture but very few engaged in other professions also. The last social group is mainly comprised of Tamangs, who have moved down from the mountains to work as porters or labours. The whole populations are either Hindus or Buddhist. Some numbers of Christian and Muslim are also seen nowadays. Tantrism has also been followed by the Panauti people since very long. In the IndresworMahadev temple, Sanyasis are serving as the priest but in the rest of other shrines Karmacharyas from Newar ethic group are
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serving as the priests. One can also witness the unique picture of religious harmony and cultural coherence among the inhabitants of the town.

Sainju Shrestha Tamrakar Sudhakar Tuladhar Kapil Napit Ghoraju Nasnani

Syaula Rajkarnikar Madhikarnikar Poju hyaju Duwal Somname(Sonam) Joshi Dhraju

Manandhar Matanchhen Pasachhen Lakoj Buddhacharya Shakya Maskey Bijukchhen Ullak

bajracharya mahaju pradhan Jakibarjar Basi Amatya Horaju Minna Rajbhandari

Historical Background
The recorded history of PANAUTI dates to at least the Great LICHCHHAVI rules of Nepal but PANAUTI would have already been a well-developed and thriving settlement before that period along with other nearby centers like BANEPA, KHOPASI NALA and SANGA like in these centers, PANAUTI has outstanding ancient stone carvings with the distinct artistic traits from the LICHCHHAVI period. Indreswor temple is one of the largest and tallest pagoda style temples in Nepal. It was originally built over a lingam in 1294, making it the oldest surviving temple of Nepal. The roof struts
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embellishing the two lower stories of the temple are distinct Nepalese wood-carving and architecture. The upper section of the temple is hung with pots and pans, offerings from young married couples hoping for a happy and prosperous family life. Unfortunately, the 1998 earthquake caused considerable damage and the building is still waiting for restoration. Other than this temple, there is also the kings palace, which has yet to be excavated to a larger extent in order to reveal more about Panauti. Nevertheless, there are many artifacts and remnants such as stone taps, bricks, water wells and coins found amongst some of the excavated sections of the palace. Although Panauti was founded independently, as time went on the influence of Bhaktapur (an ancient Newar town in the east corner from Katmandu) increased and later became part of Bhaktapur up until the 18th Century. In 1763 King Prithvi Narayan Shah in the unification process annexed Panauti to the larger and greater Nepal.

Economic Background:
During the 1990s, a program of corporation of French Food, funded and enabled the complete renovation of a number of religious monuments and historical buildings within Panauti. This cleansing of the old town through a vast number of networks, allowed initiating the creation of many new schools. Nepals rural to urban migration has been vastly accelerating; with population grow rates in urban areas as high as 7%, which is well over the national population growth rate of 2.3% per annum.[5] Some of Nepals urban areas now experience inadequate drinking water supply, haphazard disposal of solid waste and human waste, and uncontrolled urban development. Recently, the Nepal Urban and Environmental Improvement Project has been set up by the government in order to attend to this decentralization situation. The project has five main components: 1. Municipal institutional strengthening and revenue mobilization 2. Provision of urban and environmental infrastructure 3. Provision of supplementary urban facilities 4. Community development 5. Project implementation assistance. This project was recently approved in December 2002 and is expected to be completed by the year 2009.[7] The introduction of urban and rural tourism development in Panauti, has enhanced their socioeconomic standards within the region. This amount of tourism is a major source of economic, socio-cultural and environmental effect as is greatly reduces the level of poverty within the city.
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Studies have shown that the local people will greatly benefit from tourism in the region, as well as establishing a new unique tourist destination, while at the same time protecting natural and cultural heritage. Since tourism has such a large role in the development of Panauti, some of the distinct types are the following: Nature-based/Eco-tourism: picnic spots development, establishment of cultural heritage museum, Eco-Circuit Trail and Eco-trek Development. Pilgrimage Tourism: Improvement of temple site in the study area, Improvement and Development of basic pilgrimage tourism facilities, repair and maintenance of existing religious sites. Village Tourism: development of individual and community home-stay, community lodge, resort development, traditional cultural instruments, establishment of rural market center. Health Tourism: Establishment of old peoples home, development of resort facilities for therapists, health tourism promotional activities, training to health assistance and nurses. Adventure Tourism: Rock climbing, hiking, trekking, and biking.

Cultural Background
Panauti, consists of a variety of Buddhist and Hindu religious monuments, and is considered to be one of the areas most important medieval sites. It is considered as the most artistic town in Nepal after Kathmandu Valley. As every culture has its unique ceremonies and celebration, Panauti holds a number of festivals reflecting the ancient tradition and ancient mythology. One of the most important is the three day long PanautiJatra. PanautiJatra is known as the chariot festival which takes place every year in Panauti, at the end of the monsoon. The Jatra festival usually begins on the tenth day of the bright fortnight during the month of Jestha (MayJune). The Jatra is usually celebrated for three days, as everyone becomes busy for the preparation of celebrating the festival, known as Duin-chha-nya-ye-keguis, which is usually held in the evening. This event is one of the major cultural attractions of the PanautiJatra. During this festival, images of the gods (from the towns temples) are placed in a chariot and displayed around the city. The pulling of the chariot begins from the towns old Durbar Square. A team consisting of a priest, a woman, and a porter crosses the bride over the Punyamati River to worship the Gods. This crossing over the Punyamati River is a yearly event and signifies the tradition from many years before. The following day of festival is called Mu-jatra, which means the main festival. On this day, many of the residents of Panauti will sacrifice male goats or ducks to the Gods, and many other will simply make an offering of food. The sixth day is the full moon day, which is also known as PanautiPunhi. This day is the most favorable day for visiting the river and cleaning your body.

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The Harisiddhi dance is considered to be the oldest traditional dance in Nepal.This dance was initiated about 2,400 years ago by King Vikramaditya.It is said to use the language of gods and speech of the spirits.As a result of discontinuity,it disappeared and King Amar Malla was the first to re-initiate the dance. However,the tradition again Vanished and was finally revived by King PratapMalla. The Raja (Vikramajit) went back to Ujjain,and having brought the god of three Shakties,ofattributes,namedHarisiddhi,placed her near Nil Tara from this,the village of Harisiddhi took its origin.The Raja then under the direction of the Goddes brought all the gods Nepal to that place with great ceremonies and dramatic and vocal instrumental music.It is well known that there is no dramatic performances to that of Harisiddhi. So, this time after 60 years of history.It is coming to Panauti again to Mark the MakarMela 2066. Hope we will able to welcome them with Heart fully &Warmly in our Historical town Panauti.

Festival:
Ehi Newari Tradition of Marrying Virgin Girl With a Bel Fruit (Wood Apple) In the Newar community, there is a unique tradition of marrying their girl child to the bel fruit (wood apple). One must be familiar with the term Ehi. The marriage between a virgin Newari girl and bel fruit is held before the girl attains puberty. This ensures that the girl acquires active and healthy reproductive powers. The group ehi function is held every year at trivenighatPanauti during Akshyatitiya. Hundreds of Newar girls from and around Panauti participate in this function.

Mata TirthaAunshi Mothers Day Mata TirthaAunshi, translated as Mother Pilgrimage fortnight, falls in the month of Baishak dark fortnight (April/may). This festival falls in the dark moons time, which is why this called Mata TirthaAunshi derived from words: Mata meaning mother; Tirtha meaning pilgrimage. This festival is observed in the commemoration and respect of the mother, which is celebrated by worshiping and gifting living mother. On this day the children worship with tika, sagun (egg and bara), sweets, fruits, gifts etc. Mothers Day is a celebration honoring mothers and celebrating motherhood, maternal bonds and the influence of mothers in society.

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MakarMela MakarMela is the biggest mela of Nepal, celebrated once a 12 years. It is going to be celebrated in month of Magh this year(Jan 15-Feb 12). This mela is celebrated once a 12 year according to solar system of calendar when sun enters from KUMBHA to MAKAR rashi. It is believed that during this mela, taking the holy bath in TriveniGhat will wash all the sins and cure some skin diseases. It is also belived that after death ones soul rest in peace in KailashParwat. So, large numbers of pilgrims gather in triveniGhat of Panauti from all over the Nepal and some parts of India as well. Here are two small holes in front of Bramayani idol in Bramayani Temple, trivenighat, Panauti. This hole is void all the time but filled with the water only during MakarMela only. Namobuddhajatra :Falls on bhadra (August) Nomobuddha with Ajaju and Ajima Madhav Narayan Jatra:February (magh-A day before sripanchami) Nava DurgaJatra: April (chaita- before Matatrithaaounsi)

Heritage
One would wonder to find such a dense concentration of heritages at a small place like Panauti. It is reckoned as an exception to have so many architectural heritages to be retained in their original forms. Visitors can have a unique satisfaction and also have a feeling of being into a traditional Nepali settlement of past time. Its brick paved roads, narrow lanes, traditional buildings on either sides of these roads and lanes, public rest houses, temples, monasteries, stupas and water conduits are still presenting its original grandeur and elegancy which are lacking in other existing historical towns located in and around the Kathmandu Valley Among them, some unique specimens are:

Temples Stupa and Bihars Stone Arts Pati and Sattals

Temples This traditional and cultural city filled with temples, courtyards, monuments and houses with the mixture of some modern buildings which presents the real craftmanship of the people living out here. Alleys and roads are paved with stones and bricks.
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Pagoda Style

Three storied Temple 1. Indreshwor Temple 2. Bhramhayani Temple 3. Krishna Temple Shikhar Style

Two storied Temple 1. Kathan Ganesh Temple 2. BishwoNath Temple 3. PashupatiNath Temple Opened (Ground floor)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Badrinath temple Kedarnath temple Ram Janaki temple Dhaneshwor temple Pashupatinath temple Karunamaya temple Tola Narayan temple

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Bhimsen temple Sankata temple Maneshwori Temple Indrayani Temple Mahalaxmi Temple Natyashwori Temple Bhairabnath Temple

INDRESHWOR MAHADEV TEMPLE

Among the many temples located in PanautiIndreshworMahadeva temple is most significant temple and is located in the heart of this city. IndreshworMahadeva is the oldest preserved Hindu temple, standing on a single base. The doors of the principle facade are decorated with sculptures, while the entrances to the other sides are simply molded.) This pagoda type temple is the religious centre of this area and thousands of devotees pray for salvation and liberation here.The area around the temple can be considered an open museum which is surrounded by many other different temples such as UnmataBhairav, Krishna mandir and Ahilyamandir. The ancient square courtyard is around 15-14.5m large. There are three main gates in the south, east, and west. Around the temple many small monuments and temples have been built. This Degas-type three-storied temple has multiple bases composed of several tiers and the use of columns symbolizes the differences to the eyes of devotees. There are all together six tudals in the temple each side tilting 45 degrees to support the roof. The big tudals are around 15 feet long, carved with different gods and goddesses and a lot of different household goods have been offered by different devotees which hang from it. This type of Nepali architecture probably originated in Nepal around or before the 5th century. This temple has a unique and fictitious third roof, which has been painted and protected by copper-gold

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marble. This degas-type temple with accurate corners, equal distance from the middle of the structure and lions as guards on the stairs is a brilliant example of Newari architecture.

UNMANTA BHAIRAB TEMPLE Another importanttemple is an UnmataBhairab temple with faces peeping out of the unique wooden windows. There is also a beautiful shrines of ASTA MATRIKA inside this temple. Jatra ofUnmantaBhairab is obserbed once a year during JYA PUNHI. This temple of UnmataBhairab was restored with French aid in 1982-83 UnmataBhairab Temple is one important temple with beautiful wooden carvings standing just near by the confluence of the rivers. Other Interesting Spots SorahkhuttePati: The SorahkhuttePati in the centre of the town had sixteen wooden pillars and no walls. SiranChaur (3 min walk): This large open field is the centre for sporting activities. Bhimsenthan (10 min walk): A holy site for the worship of the god of strength and power. BhagabanDanda (10 min walk): It was declared a conservation area after ancient period coins were discovered here. JelaPati (10 min walk): Known as ancient Panauti, even digging a few feet here can reveal the foundations of old houses. Kapalkot Hill (15 min walk): It is a picturesque picnic spot and a good view point. FadkeshoriMahadev (30 min walk): The site of a Shiva lingum that is covered with water droplets at all times. Chaukot (45 min walk): Located on a hill, it is said too have been inhabited since the 14th century. Balthali (2 hr walk): A famous place for Hindu pilgrims to see the huge Trishul (Shivas main weapon-Trident). Phulchoki 97hrhike): Situated at a height of 2762m to the north of Panauti it is an excellent vantage point from where to view both the Himalayan ranges as well as the Kathmandu Valley.

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Khopasi Bazaar (10 min drive): An anciendNewari village, it has a beautiful water pond. One also has the opportunity to observe the electricity house and visit the silk worm project on the way back to Panauti. Tipchok (2hr drive): One gets to view beautiful sunrises and sunsets from this Tamang village (3018m) 4km south of Panauti. A two-hour bus ride along a river bypassing Khopasi will reach you to the base of the mountain. A four-hour climb to the top will be rewarded by the splendid sight of the snow capped mountain peaks as well as the vast Terai plains. Home Stay for traditional Nepalese culture experience Although hotels and guest houses are available in Panauti, visitors are encouraged to take advantage of home stay programs and live in local peoples homes. Meals are also provided. A home stay program is offered by the Panauti Tourism Development Committee to enrich your cultural experience. Many local households have been given suitable training to improve the quality standards required to host guests.

Stupa&Bihars The Bhuddhiststupas and Bihars are the important architectural form found in Panauti . The perfect proportions of the Buddhas body corresponds to the design of religious monuments. Its architecture developed from the pre-Buddhist Indian grave-mound. Under these mounds the saintly ascetic were buried; their bodies were seated on the ground and covered with earth. These dome-shaped graves, or tumuli, of the saints were regarded as holy places. And were destinations for pilgrimage for the devotional and places of practice for meditators . There are nine stupas in the town among which the DharmadhatuChaitya located at Wolachhentole is regarded as the oldest and biggest one. Mainly there are two Bihars in the town and both are located at Aghatole. The Buddhist Newars of the town use to perform the initiation ceremony of their young boys called Barachhuygu The Nhubha also known as Dyochhen of Namobuddha is another important Bihar of the town. In this Dyochhen festival of Namobuddha is performed every year in the month of Gunla (August). Stone Arts Panauti preserve some precious specimen of Nepalese stone art. The stone pilaster located at the crossroad near library building of Aghatole and other two located at Ghat area can be taken as the oldest stone works of the town. Different celestial beings carved on the pilasters shows the
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artistic traits and characteristics of Nepalese stone sculpture of 9-10 th century. Accordingly, a stone relief depecting the theme of Uma maheshwora located at the north eastern corner of the layaku square in middle of the town also exhibits the artistic traits of late Lichhavi period at least dating 9-10 th century. Another form of stone art found in the town are the water conduits. Beautifully carved stone spouts of traditional water fountains shows artistic talent and skill of Nepalese stone workers of medieval period. The water spouts are mainly carved in Makarakriti-means crocodile shaped. This water fountain located near the layaku square is one among such traditional stone fountains of Panauti. On the basis of the art form, construction technique and design of fountain, it can be dated to 17 th century. Patis Another traditional architectural form existed in the town are the Patis and Sattals. These are the public buildings to provide temporary resting and sheltering facilities for the travelers and pilgrims who visit the town. Patis which can be found in Panauti are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Source http://www.hamropanauti.com.np, https://www.panauti.com.np) Sorakhuttepati Lampati Dhwakhafalchapati Saraswotipati Karyabinayakpati Police patiTriveni Ghatsattaletc

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State Of Tourism In Panauti

We can found religious, agricultural and cultural tourism in Panauti. There is short trekking to Panauti from Nagarkot; Batase. There is both Half Day as well as Full Day tour to Panauti. There are adequate hotels and lodges with proper amenities for the tourists coming to Panauti. Mostly the hikers or the trekkers stay in Panauti overnight. Other tourists or visitors come for half day or full day and return back to their origin. there are other trial as well panauti-lakhureevanjyang which is full day trek, from the source it is said that many people come from the janakpur by walking for festival to celebrate bol bam and previously people come for selling the goods in course of trade, in this way slowly the tourism come in to existence. Now in present situation the demand of the people is that there is the probability of shortcut roadway to hetauda from the panauti it will facilitate to those people of terai region. There is the possibility of the half and full day trek from panauti to the different western region who had the capacity of attracting the people with their beauty. There is the simultaneous flow of the tourist, frequently, for different purposes such as research, on culture, religious and different aspects related with the tourism. It is said that all of old Panauti has been proposed to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Home Stay for traditional Nepalese culture experience Although hotels and guest houses are available in Panauti, visitors are encouraged to take advantage of home stay programs and live in local peoples homes. Meals are also provided. A home stay program is offered by the Panauti Tourism Development Committee to enrich your cultural experience. Many local households have been given suitable training to improve the quality standards required to host guests. So that they could experience the Nepali culture and welcome of the guest. Some of them are following the trend and giving the services as per need.

Advantages of tourism industry in Panauti 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Large employment generation Less capital intensive industry Increase balance of payment Increase government revenues Increase per capita income Cultural exchange Improvement of education Promotion of art and handicraft items
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9) Rehabilitation of building and historical sites These are the some f the advantages that we could find in the panauti if the tourism goes in the hot line. It will be the major source of income and the development of the locality. There will be the preservation of the cultural and religious belief through which they can show the identity of their own and make different from other. There will be the opportunity of increasing the cottage industry

Disadvantages of tourism industry in Panauti 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Economic leakage Season oriented job Create inflation Ignorance of local culture Increase crime Migration Increase population Destroy of natural and artificial environment Increase pollution

In each and every field there is negative and positive aspect similarly it has also got the negative points too. There will be the rush and crowd when the tourism grow. There will be the pollution if the waste management is not properly done. There will be the flow of different people with different nature this will help in the crime too. As this will increase the crime. There might be the case of migration for the better opportunity. Due to the modernization people might adopt the culture e of others and forget their own culture. Most of the attributes might transform in the artificial by destroying the natural beauty.

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Roles of public and private sector in tourism destination development

Role of private sector: Involvement in planning and management Possibility of large investment Promotion and advertisement There is the huge participation of the private sector in the development of the destination, as they are the entrepreneurs of the infrastructure such as their building structure hotel, and other amenities too; they are the group of the expertise. There is the possibility of the large investment for the destination development as well as the advertisement for the promotion where we can experience the dual benefit, for the private sector and the locality where it can get the identity of its own Role of public sector 1) Reduce the dependency on public budget 2) Raising technical facilities 3) Coordination 4) Planning 5) Legislation 6) Regulation on private sector 7) Entrepreneur stimulation various subsidies 8) Taxation, concession and so on Public sectors are those who should be involved in the work indirectly. They should be supportive in the nature. Without their coordination and communication the work will not be carried out. Awareness and other different programmes should be conducted. It should take the proper tax and other that is related to the fund, it should be able to provide the necessary technical facilities for the c construction of the infrastructure, and involve the public participation, various opportunities s should be provided for entrepreneur who are keen on this field. Reason of government involvement in tourism destination development and planning 1) Economic reason 2) Social and cultural reason 3) Environmental reason 4) Political reason 5) Ecological reason

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There is the great role of the government for the development of the tourism destination. It should be able to provide the opportunity in the PEST analysis too; it should be able to focuses in the social and cultural, as well as the economic reason of the particular place will that be appropriate or not, will it deteriorate the culture of the place? So it should consider from both side Activities and role of local community to tourism destination management 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Natural resource conservation program. Alternative energy program. Community health program. Heritage conservation program. Sustainable tourism development program. Agriculture and livestock management program. Destination education and extension program. Community development program.

These are the various activities, that the local community can make the effort on it for the development of their economic and other tourism destination. People can make the community of the forest by taking the license from the government. Where everyone can have the participation on the conservation of the natural resources as well as the destination.Awarerness, training seminar programme could be conducted for providing the education on it, likewise community health programme be conducted for healthy life. Likewise people can generate the income and opportunity after having the roper education on the agriculture and the livestock management, as it is the main source of the income of us Nepalese people here, education play the great role, so the local community should make effort and provide various kinds of the training programme which could enhance the knowledge and sharpen the skill, that they have and play the great role

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Types of recreational areas in Panauti

Panauti is one of the emerging tourism destinations. Slowly people are making their choice on it, most of the people go for the recreational purpose and the religious purpose. the beauty of the panauti has been provided by the geographical view and it has different product of the tourism sector and are providing t he opportunity. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Sightseeing Hiking Biking Camping Picnicking

Problems and issues of tourism destination management in Panauti

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Frequently change on policy and political situation Lack of sufficient capital Lack of knowledge and skills Ignorance of local people Unsustainable tourism planning Lack of government support Communication gap between communities and private sector

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Challenges
Tourism development in and around Panauti may result in environmental as well as social pressures to the local area and its communities. Damage to or destruction of ecosystems and habitats, including deforestation, draining of usage lands, and intensified or unsustainable use of land. Generation, handling and disposal of sewage and waste water. Solid waste (garbage or rubbish)

Socio-economic and cultural impacts related to tourism may include: Influx of people and social degradation Impacts on indigenous and local communities and cultural values Impacts on health and the integrity of local cultural systems Erosion of traditional practices and lifestyles

Socio-economic challenges Tourism activities can bring socio-economic as well as cultural challenges with the potential to negatively affect the well-being and traditions of the local people. They can also create conflicts with local communities, particularly when they limits peoples access to the resources important for their livelihoods. Conservation can also result in conflicts with the local people where activities prevent or reduce the ability of communities to access resources they have previously used, or where protected resources, damages crops or threatens community safety. Managing these challenges can be extremely difficult, as the losses experienced by communities may not be sufficiently or equitably compensated by the employment or income that tourism can provide.

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Managing tourism in and around Panauti

Successful tourism destinations offer activities that visitors want to experience, that businesses can provide profitably, that residents are happy with and accept, and that the environment can support. Because tourism is a highly dynamic sector, destinations need to maintain good links to the market and provide distinctive tourism experiences that appeal to tourists. At the same time, destinations need to implement effective approaches to avoid adverse environmental impacts from tourism and to maximize its benefits for conservation and communities. Tourism that visitors want Tourism depends strongly on market demand. Tourists have access to an ever-growing number of destinations and tourism products, and the sector is highly competitive. Destinations need to make sure that they continue to attract tourists through marketing, design and development of high quality experiences, maintenance of standards, and innovation in the tourism products they offer. They need to build on the features that make them distinctive, focusing on those aspects viable. A further challenge for local businesses working with international tourism is that tourists are looking for destinations that combine local distinctiveness with global standards and value-formoney. To be successful, these businesses and destinations must strike a balance and be able to offer tourists something special delivered with the efficiency and standards they are used to in their home countries. Tourism that residents can accept and benefit from Local communities and residents are the ultimate hosts of tourism. In popular destinations, the number of tourists can have significant effects on local communities, for example, making it more difficult for local people to access key livelihood resources, driving up prices and living costs, and crowding them out of the places where they live. At the same time, local communities, traditions and opportunities for interactions with local people can be a very important part of the tourism experiences that attract visitors. If communities are happy to accept tourists, these experiences are likely to be positive. Tourism that the environment can support The natural, historic and cultural characteristics of any destination are key resources for tourism. The success of tourism depends on protecting and enhancing those resources, and avoiding any adverse impacts on them from tourism activities as well as from other sectors. This includes measures to control pollution and generation of wastes, including solid wastes and sewage, and to promote the sustainable use of energy and water and the conservation of biodiversity. Getting the right balance Successful tourism depends on getting the right balance between visitors, businesses, local communities, the destination, and what the environment can support. Achieving that balance involves dialogue among the stakeholders to determine what the destination can offer sustainably, what its communities will accept, and what its businesses can offer in relation to the market demand for tourism and visitor satisfaction. Out of this dialogue, destinations can create an overall vision and strategy for tourism, defining the numbers of tourists and types of tourism that are acceptable and sustainable within the destination, where and how those types of tourism can take place, and how tourism will be managed and developed. of tourism they are best able to provide. Tourism that businesses can provide profitably Businesses need to be able to satisfy the market demand from tourists, and to do so profitably, so that they can generate employment and other economic benefits that remain within the area and its host communities. Achieving this requires businesses that play to their strengths, by focusing on what they can best offer within the resources the destination can provide. These include the availability and quality of accommodation and catering, its transport links and basic infrastructure, local supplies of goods and services, as well as a destinations natural, historic and cultural resources. Today, it is possible to find tourists in
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almost any part of the world, however remote. The key question for tourism businesses, and for anyone attempting to develop tourism for wetlands, is not whether some tourists will visit a particular site but whether sufficient numbers will come to make tourism there commercially and economically.

Identifying the competitors

Here competitors could be finding on the basis of market size, brand identity and others. They should be unique in selling the USP it create the benefit of the product that you are selling to the people Panauti itself is not the place to visit for the tourist who comes but there is another two destination, which can compete with each other along with the panauti they are dhulikhel and banepa, whrere the flow of the tourist are very high comparing with the panauti. We can say that the panauti is in the involvement phase of the tourism lifecycle and the other two in the consolidation phase of the tourism lifecycle stage. [Involvement; during this stage there is the limited involvement by the local resident who provides some facilities for the visitors: recognible tourist seasons and market areas begin to emerg: visitors may travel through the state or region Consolidation; during this stage tourism becomes major part of the local economy and of increasing political importance with politics perhaps taking more of the central role; rates of the visitor growth may have leveled off and some facilities may in need of upgrading] [Sources; a practical guide to tourism destination management] Now we can compare the panauti with the two places that are different with the market size and the brand identity. Now you will be able to determine yourself with the other competitor by analyzing different aspects such as the infrastructure, quality service, the area they had covered and the demand that had fulfilled and according the criteria used scale rating competition could be done for identifying the competitors. Market size and market trend is also one of the effective tools for identifying the competitors. Following are the some of important emerging tools that differentiate the competitor from each other. Demographics; many of the hotels and the resort provide the tour packages like as holiday package, they prefer the tourist. Most of the tourists are of young age there is the opportunity of the agro tourism, comparing along with the competitors it is more likely and gifted by nature

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Integrating tourism management in Panauti

Development plans for tourism should be integrated with management plans for biodiversity conservation and compatible with objectives for conservation and wise use of each site. Just as clear management plans are necessary for the effective conservation and wise use of wetland sites, clear plans and objectives are also necessary for effective management and development of tourism. Such tourism plans should be integrated with site conservation plans. They need to define: the purpose of tourism at the site, what types and scale of tourism are acceptable, and where and how it should take place within the site. The types of tourism could range from mass tourism to specialist wildlife watching, or could cover several types of tourism that are compatible with one another. The benefits of tourism could include supporting local economic development, establishing tourism businesses, raising awareness of the importance of the site, generating revenues to support conservation, or finding ways to improve the management of existing tourism to reduce adverse effects on the wetland. Like the development of conservation plans, development of tourism plans should involve consultation and active participation of local communities, tourism businesses and destination authorities. Development of coordinated plans for conservation and tourism provide an opportunity to build cooperation among these stakeholders, and their input is necessary to determine what types of tourism are acceptable and commercially feasible at any site. The more the various stakeholders are involved in the development of tourism plans, the more likely they will be to contribute to their successful implementation. This can include anything from complying with regulations and limits agreed in the plan, to developing new tourism experiences or making investments to improve tourism facilities and quality of service.

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Minimizing impacts from tourism in and around Panauti

Negative impacts from existing and future tourism activities can be minimized by appropriate management planning and Monitoring. The development of tourism facilities and infrastructure provision will likely create the potential for impacts on the surrounding environment. Such effects can be avoided or minimized by appropriate management planning approaches. These are much more difficult to implement, however, where negative impacts are already occurring on a significant scale, compared to applying methods to avoid damage in the first place.

Destination Panauti Supporting sustainable tourism

Siting and design of hotels and resorts. Both the design and specific location of hotels and resorts can have significant environmental impacts on wetlands and other ecosystems. IUCNs publication. The siting and design of hotels and resorts identifies the potential impact on ecosystems of land-clearing and modifications of the landscape during the construction of hotels and resorts, such as removal of vegetation, changes in water flows, destruction or alteration of breeding and feeding grounds of birds, fish and mammals, changes in siltation rates and nutrient flows, etc. Apart from such direct impacts of construction, it is important to consider the sources of building materials such as timber and sand used in the construction process, the use of non-native plant species in hotel gardens which may require excessive water, fertilizer and pesticide input, and the possibility of introducing invasive species inadvertently, etc. Using a case study approach, this publication takes those impacts into consideration in the development of five key principles to safeguard biodiversity that are relevant for all ecosystems: 1. Adopt an ecosystem-based approach in tourism development planning 2. Manage impacts on biodiversity from hotel development and attempt to achieve an overall positive contribution 3. Design with nature and adopt nature-based solutions 4. Respect, involve and support local communities 5. Build collaboration among stakeholders. Source: IUCN, 2012.

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Tools and techniques in tourism destination planning and management in Panauti

Education Education can be used in tourism destination planning and management in a variety of ways. Education used often in relation to providing information to visitors,hence education here is used being used as a technique in visitor management. Education is necessary both visitor and host community to disseminate information of destination, guide book, interpretation, signboard, products features and so on.it helps to generate the skill and knowledge of the every individual .it bis the supportive character to the planning. Self-regulation Self-regulation is another tool to tourism destination management and planning. This selfregulation includes regulation, self-regulation, guidelines, and codes of conducts. Guidelines are usually based on well considered precepts, indicating a course of action to be followed with reasoning behind it, while codes of conduct provide sets of rule for behaving in certain circumstances. Codes of conduct are usually voluntary tend to self- imposed and are designed to act as a form of self- regulation. Everyone is bounded with the ethics and they have to be .this cause and maintain the rules and the regulation of self-heading toward the goal and the achievement. They should be voluntarily guided. Information technology Tourism is a complex, global industry and information is its life blood. Information about the tourism product is vital to assist the consumer in making choices. This is particularly so given that the tourism product is intangible. Selling of the products requires representation. And description by travel guides. in this present world there are different choices that the people can hang on with engaging in the technologies just as the computer ,mobile, internet with different applicaton.

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Stakeholder analysis:
It is the process of identifying the individuals or groups that are likely to affect or be affected by a proposed action, and sorting them according to their impact on the action and the impact the action will have on them. This information is used to assess how the interests of those stakeholders should be addressed in a project report. Primary stakeholders: Schools, colleges, Host community, Nepal Tourism Board, tourist themselves secondary stakeholders: NGOs, INGOs, Stakeholders Schools Host community (local people) Nepal Tourism Board tourist themselves NGOs, INGOs Concerns Destination development Promotional activities Quadrant Medium high strategy Awareness program, managing students for their respective work Overall development strategy: markeing,sanitationprogram,awarenessprogram,word of mouth communication, planning and management strategy for destination and being a part of the host community to enhance the development Do or dont do, use of signage, briefing Expansion of donation international level from national and

Destination development planning Development Development

high

medium medium

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Destination competitive advantage:

Destination competitive advantage are those things which shows the destination with its characteristics and its benefits to local people(host community). Tourism destinations (Panauti) is facing intense and increasing competition regionally, while tourists are even more demanding, requiring not only service quality but also socially responsible and sustainable destinations. In this context, developing accessible tourism at a Panauti may help gain competitiveness in an underserved, typically most loyal market. Developing accessible tourism may also create a culture of social responsibility. This would enhance a shared, human and involving vision of the destination amongst stakeholders, including tourists who increasingly value socially responsible positions of economic actors in the tourism industry. The development of this approach is shown for panauti, a small tourism destination focusing on accessible tourism as a core of its development strategy, a strategy developed through a stakeholder participatory approach. Panauti can create the competitive advantage over Dhulikhel by its natural resources, temples, and monuments (cultural tourism) and agro tourism. So it is advantage to Panauti as a tourism destination. Bhaktpur and dhulikhel are the two major competitors of Panauti,and it is most important to bring a new strategy to compete with those two destination. It is totally difference then Bhaktpur and dhulikhel by its natural resources,manuments, templs,stupas, eco-tourism, cultural and religious tourism, etc. which can be the most attractive things for competition and helps to gain competitive advantage.

The marketing strategy

The destination marketing mix is at the heart of the destination marketing plan. The challenges facing destination (Panauti) marketers is to select and combine the best mix of strategy elements in order to be most competitive and obtain the best returns on investment in the target markets, while achieving the goal and objective. The traditional destination marketing mix consists of four Ps: Product, place (Distribution channels and locations), promotional and price.

Product: The product must match the expectations of your target customer. We have to have a proper analysis of the customer journey. Customer journey contain the following steps:
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Dreaming: In this stage customer is considering a vacation. They may have an idea of when they will travel, for how long, and how much time they may spend but they arent sure about the place. So, we as planner should create such an image in the mind of the customer that if it comes for the vacation then they have the image of our destination that is Panuati. Planning: The customer now has a clear idea of where and what they want. They will be looking after the information about transport, accommodation, must sees, weather condition, etc. The tourism destination planner should have a clear idea about the above information. They should help the local community people in developing such facilities in the destination so that tourists find what they are looking for. Booking: I n this stage, customer knows mostly about the Panauti and may make comparisons of best values. The destination planner should be able to make a good package of the product and sell it to the intermediaries. During selling the product pricing and commission should be well considered so that, customer dont find the products too expansive. Experiencing: This is the last stage of customer journey where the customer visits the Panauti. The things that we have planned in the planning stage should be properly managed. The planners should plan everything from welcoming to the departure of the guest. It should match with what the customer have dreamt about.

Product life cycle:

Product life cycle helps in further planning process of the destination management because how we want to develop and increase the facilities in the destination is included in this life cycle. Its different stages are outlined below. Exploration: This is the first stage where a very few number of tourist visits the Panauti. They may be attracted by natural or cultural attractions. Tourist facilities are very few in number. As it is the very first stage there should be good planning. Planning in the sense that facility required are placed in proper place so that it doesnt affect the environment and the local community. Involvement: There is the involvement of local people in this stage. Locals feel that they can earn their livings from tourism activities. During this stage awareness program like what kind of facility for catering, accommodation, sightseeing, etc should be conducted in the local level so that they can provide a good level of service. Marketing of the Panauti should be done in this stage as the numbers of tourists are increasing and the locals are involving in providing service.
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Development: After a huge marketing in the involvement stage, we can find a large number of tourists arriving in Panauti. Development stage is characterized by extensive establishment of tourism facilities, a large number of visitors, marketing of the destination and the influx of external capital. Visitor management strategies should be applied in this stage as the numbers of visitors increases day by day.

Consolidation: During this stage tourism becomes the major part of the local economy. As there will be competitor available in the market a unique product development should be done. Stagnation: In thisstage the number of visitors has peaked and Panauti may no longer be consideredfashionable and there may be high turnover of business properties. Most of the facilities will be under the control of non-locals and the destination will be experiencing problems from competition. The destination may then go intoa decline phase, which may become more rapid as there is a lack of investment and renewal and it becomes less attractive as result there will be declining growth rate in development and visitor number. In this stage in order to stop the decline of Panauti as Situational Analysis Situation analysis refers to a collection of methods managers use to analyze both the internal and external environment of an organization in order to understand the firms own capabilities, customers and business environment. The situational analysis is the second step in the marketing plan and is a critical step in establishing a long term relationship with customers. In order to achieve a competitive edge against the existing competitor Panauti should conduct various methods for situational analysis. One of which effective method is SWOT analysis. Decline: If proper steps arenttaken in the stagnation stage then it will be difficult to rejuvenate Panauti as atourism destination again. So proper awareness programs, change in productline, unique product development, etc. should be done in the stagnation stage.

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Figure 1 Hypothetical Evolution of a Tourist Area (Adapted from Miller and Gallucci, 2004)

Place: Place is the role of the marketing mix on how the product or the service is connected with the client, customer or tourist. The tourist centers should be located at suitable points if the tourists spots are natural there is no question of selection. In a vast country like Nepal with divergent socioeconomic and cultural patterns, the promotion of domestic tourism encourages unity in diversity. Infrastructural facilities, transport and communication are important for development of Panauti as a tourism destination. As Panauti have natural surroundings, increased accessibility and improved amenities, it will be easy be in marketing process. At the same time it is also important that the ecological balance is not disturbed. Since growing ecological imbalances leads to pollution, some important steps like promoting afforestation, promotion and beautification may be undertaken in countering the side effects of atmospheric pollution and maintaining ecological balance. Pricing: Pricing is another major aspect of the role of marketing mix in tourism. Pricing has to be set so that any competitor that are offering the same business or substitute business is comparable. In other words, if the tourist activity is hiking and there are two other hiking companies in the area, the company that is opening a new hiking company needs to see what their competition is charging. Panauti is famous for its culture and religion so, the planer should take the advantage of it in such a way that it provides a different product than the other competitors. As Panauti is a new
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destination we should position it in the market with the strategy of cost based pricing, values based pricing and competitor based pricing since we have to attract high number of tourists. Cost Based Pricing: Cost Based Pricing takes the average cost of the product then adds a markup. The planner should considered the fixed and the variable cost so that, we can price the destination accordingly and we dont get into losses. Competitor based pricing: Competition-based pricing confirms the prices of its competitors, and then sets the price of the product at the same price of the competition or either a little above or below. The competitor of Panauti is Dhulikhel and Nagarkot. The present price of food, transportation, accommodation, sightseeing and others facilities of these two destination can be studied and pricing can be done in Panauti so that, tourists who are visiting Dhulikhel or Nagarkot can easily switch their destination to Panauti. Value based pricing: Value -based pricing looks at a target customer and tries to determine how much that client type will pay for the product, then prices according to how much that target customer will pay.Understanding Net Value is very important. Net value when purchasing a service, means perceived benefits against perceived costs. If the perceived costs is higher than the perceived benefits than no tourists is interested to visit such destination until it has its unique characteristics like Mt. Everest.

Promotion: The promotion mix includes advertising, publicity, sales support and public relations. The purpose of promotion is to make available the information to the user. Radio, TV, newspapers, cinema and printings are some of the important vehicles for traveling of messages for the marketing of Panauti. An effective slogan raises the effectiveness of advertisement. Another important component of the promotion mix is public relation. It helps in projecting the image of an organization. Public relation and publicity include regular articles and photographs of tour attraction, use of TV and travel journalists to promote editorial comment. The major attraction of Panauti like different temples like Indreshwortemple,Mahalaxmi temple, Bhadrakali temple, etc., different festivals like Makkarmela which is organized in every 12 year, Sankatamaya, BhimsenJatra, etc. should be broad casted in the television or online so that people gets their interest towards it and visit Panauti. Public relation officer plays an important role. He should be efficient, active, impressive, intelligent and well-behaved. Good image projection can be made if the PRO manages the affair like a professional. It is said that word of mouth is the best form of publicity. The word of mouth promotion is an important tool in tourism marketing.

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Ensuring benefits for local communities and businesses

Well-managed tourism development in and around Panauti ensures that benefits accrue to local communities and contribute to sustain local livelihoods. One of the objectives of sustainable tourism in and around Panauti is to generate economic benefits for local communities; such benefits encourage support for area protection of Panauti and in some cases can play a vital role in reversing economic decline. Local communities also play an important part of the tourism experience, as well as providing accommodation, restaurants and other services. The communities around Panauti offer home-stays to tourists, and their local traditions and festivals provide added attractions. In the other hand they can run a programme to help local tourism businesses. Similar approaches often called community co-management are being successfully applied in Africa: one of the keys to their success is that by giving communities rights to their land, they are then able to lease concessions to experienced tour operators with the ability to develop and market tourism products internationally. Community links can be built and managed in a variety of ways. These include consultations on specific issues, regular forums for local communities and other stakeholders to meet site managers, efforts by community liaison staff, provision of assistance to enable communities to benefit from tourism opportunities and to help resolve conflicts, and representation of communities on boards that oversee wetland site management. Where links with local communities are poor or non-existent, conflicts are more likely to arise. When communities are adversely affected by tourism, it undermines any incentive for them to support conservation of the site. As well as affecting conservation, poor community links can also create social tensions that diminish the quality of experiences for tourists, which in the medium- to long-term may lead to reductions in visitor numbers and thus the amount of income derived from tourism. Working with local communities to enable them to establish businesses for tourism is therefore an important aspect of managing visitation in Panauti. The community benefits thus gained are a further incentive for the people to support local Panauti conservation.

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Providing high quality tourism services and experiences for visitors

Offering enriching experiences at Panauti is important for attracting tourists but needs careful nplanning to ensure that visitation rates and activities are ecologically and socially sustainable. Visitor experiences and product development .Tourism is as much about experiences as it is about places. The combination of memorable experiences in great places strongly attracts visitors to particular destinations and makes tourism truly successful. Places provide the setting for visitor experiences, but places on their own are rarely sufficient for successful tourism. Exciting, enriching and unusual experiences can make Panauti distinctive and attractive for tourists. At a Panauti site in or near a major destination, these experiences will often be provided by a combination of visitor centres and guided tours; at remote sites, unusual transport, accommodation and meals will also form part of the tourism experience.

Communication , education and awareness

Communication, education and awareness are significant tools for managers of Panauti tourism, critical for the marketing, branding and promotion of Panauti locations for tourists and tour operators (discussed in chapter 5). At site level, effective communication and education about Panauti ecosystems, their biodiversity and values for people, generate understanding and support from visitors who in return will help to conserve Panauti sites and may even raise funds through voluntary donations to support conservation projects. Communication tools about sites can include leaflets, websites, local television and radio programmes delivering information about access to the site, seasonal onsite events or specific tourist activities, as well as more detailed ecological and management information. At Panauti , visitor centres, trails, and appropriate signage can present much information about the wetland to tourists as well as local visitors.

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Visitor facilities
Provision of facilities for visitors can be used to control where tourism takes place within a site and so help to minimize adverse impacts. Providing at least basic visitor facilities (for example toilets, washrooms, shelter, and garbage collection) is critical at all sites where tourism takes place. Tourism businesses and tourists will favour those sites where there are sufficient facilities of suitable type and quality in relation to visitor numbers, the activities taking place, and the costs for visitors. In addition, providing suitable facilities can help to reduce the adverse impacts of such nuisances as, for example, littering. Some sites may also provide additional visitor facilities, for example restaurants, accommodation and souvenir shops, which can generate revenues additional to any entrance fees that may be charged. Whether these are appropriate within any particular site depends on the availability of similar facilities nearby and the potential for additional facilities to be commercially viable. They may be built and operated either by Panauti management authorities or by private businesses with concessions for which the businesses pay an annual fee to the site, under agreements which define what the businesses are allowed to do as well as minimum service levels. Such agreements are usually of finite duration and may be terminated if a business does not operate in accordance with its terms. The provision of visitor facilities can be used to control where tourism takes place within a site attracting tourists to locations where there will be minimal adverse impacts and away from more sensitive locations. Furthermore, the type, quality, and price range of additional facilities can be used to attract different types of tourists, from low numbers of high-spending visitors to larger numbers of those with lower budgets. Catering for different types of people requires different approaches and quality levels. By working with the local tourism sector, wetland managers can identify which types of visitors present the most appropriate market for a site, taking commercial. as well as conservation factors into account.

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Interpretation and guiding

Tour operators promote those sites where visitors receive good experiences and services: high quality guiding and interpretation of a site can play an important part in achieving those results Information about the site can be provided to visitors through brochures, visitor centres, nature trails with associated signage and information boards, web pages, and guided excursions (some of which may take tourists into more sensitive parts of sites where they would not be permitted unaccompanied).

Destination Network Analysis:

Role of NTB in marketing Panauti as tourism destination: Role of HAN in marketing Panauti as tourism destination: Role of TAAN in marketing Panauti as tourism destination:

In conclusion, sound quantitative methods for the analysis of networks are of great importance for the study of a tourism destination, not only as a fascinating intellectual problem, but also as a means to improve abilities and capabilities to understand the functioning mechanisms of a tourism destination in order to manage it effectively and efficiently.

Situational Analysis
Situation analysis refers to a collection of methods managers use to analyze both the internal and external environment of an organization in order to understand the firms own capabilities, customers and business environment.The situational analysis is the second step in the marketing plan and is a critical step in establishing a long term relationship with customers.

In order to achieve a competitive edge against the existing competitor Panauti should conduct various methods for situational analysis. One of which effective method is SWOT analysis.SWOT analysis should be done inorder to know our and the competitors strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats.

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The SWOT analysis OF

SWOT it is the analysis done on the basis of present and future timing of the event, that is why it is the analysis for an imaginary destination.wew are going to analyze the proposed agro base tourism in the panauti which might be fruitful to the other to know about it. this can be analyzed by following way .which can be studied as the internal and external factor SW are the internal factor where as the OT are the external factor internal external

S=strength

O=opportunity

W=weakness

T=threats

STRENGTH; Panauti is a beautiful, landscapes which contains a wide range of options including different tourism activity, among them agro base tourism is also one of the suitable activity where it can be fruitful to the both tourist and the people. Internal factor influence it more than the external factor. The product are excellent, where one can experience all it about, it has the potentiality of dragging out the tourist. WEAKNESS; if the participations n of the people isnt good then it will show the weakness and failure of the proposed destination, because if the internal factor do not actively accept the challenges then it leads towards the failure. Due to which it is not able to meet the targeted market, poor participation leads towards the poor marketing intelligence. Here all the strategy will be the fail and result is 0 OPPORTUNITIES; Varieties of tourism activities could be done, as the panauti is gifted with the geographical, landscapes and the area it had got. Different activity could be done through the marketing strategy, where one can have the opportunity to generate t he participation of the people, different promoter could promote through their own means and foreign investment could be inspired that may be either in the form of the partnership or sole proprietorship or joint. In Panauti there are different opportunities as per the research, mainly tourism sector and other THREATS; as the Panauti is the emerging destination it has lots of threat because, there are the competitors around it so it had to come up with the different strategy and new mind make up. So it can differentiate from other competitor. So various ideas could generate for accepting the

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challenges, wrong decision making could fail the destination and lack of investment could lead toward the declining stage. For e.g.; if Sham is going to invest some capital in the tourism business in the Panauti, he firstly research the market on the topic and find the necessary documents to be needed. Developing the strategy will be the priority and planning the same that will lead to the success o f the business he will also research on the competitor and the challenges. This will provide him the strength that there something doing on that business is profitable; he will target the costumers on which he is targeting and segment the market.

Watching the competitive environment: By watching the competitive environment destination (Panauti) has a major influence on the ability of a destination so continue competing in a highly completive environment. It has different effect on destination competitiveness

Suppliers and buyer power The influence of major and hotel groups, airlines, tourists and tour operations-their price and cost structure, quality, diversity

Thrests Threats of entry

Be aware of new upcoming destination(dhulikhel or bhaktpur) and their comparative cost and quality, considers options for destination

Complementary

Destination

Regional and local joint marketing agreements with other destination (like dhulikhel and bhaktpur) economic sectors

Market analysis

Currents competitors

Market analysis helps to understand the market and give the answer of the different answer such Who are they and their as;
resources and performance compared with Panauti and be aware of their positioning and branding strategies. 41

Is the market attractive? Is pursuing a strategy is this market a good idea? Its a good idea to enter to marketplace? Destination market should be more attractive and well facilitated to enhance the best visitor satisfaction and motivation. While talking about Panauti; this place is more attractive than others destination like Nagarkot in the field of Cultural and religious point of view with motivate the visitors. To enter in the market customer demand and want must be fulfilled and make an effective strategy to enhance the flow of customer which address the strategy for market. In Panauti strategy like, visitors management, destination planning and implementation, SWOT analysis etc. And those strategy can brings the most effective way of evaluating the destination like Panauti which helps to implement the strategy to enhanced destination and motivate the visitors.

Competitive analysis Competitive analysis is done utilizing the information from strength and weakness of the SWOT analysis and usually a more detailed analysis of the key competitors and leads to an action plan of how to increase competitive advantage. A destination such as Panauti consider its major strength to be a rich culture ,excellent year round climate ,natural beauties and recreational opportunities etc. are compared with other destination like Banepa, Dhulikhel or nagarkot. Tourism development center of panauti and stakeholder who needs to came-up with different strategy and planning for competitive advantage and enhance the economic benefits. Panauti can lead to other destination by its cultural and religious values (aspect) which can be more enhancing part of panauti and it can create the value to the customers and it can increase the flow of tourist and continuous improvement on destination life cycle.

Customer analysis Panauti as a religious and cultural tourism destination which play vital role in expansion of customer interest and the drastic change in tourism and customer buying power,which may affectin economic aspect of panaut. Research shows (customer behavior, beliefs, attitude, needs, occupation, and economiccondition or per capita income is changing on day to day basis and it creates the changes over destination (panauti) and fluctuation on visitors (increasing or decreasing).

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4 Series 1 3 Series 2 Series 3 2

0 Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

fig:customer analysis Above figure shows that flow of tourist is increasing at 2nd series then decreasing and then increasing at lower rate (comparing to category 1) because of changes in customer demand, occupation, life style etc.

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Marketing, branding and promotion of Panauti

Marketing and promotion are important for attracting visitors, but they need to be compatible with the types and levels of tourism that can be supported without adverse impacts at a site. Marketing, branding and promotion are central to informing potential tourists about the tourism products and experiences that are available at any destination. Different destinations specialize in different types of tourism, and each will appeal more to some people than to others. For example, some people may be looking for relaxation and shopping in urban destinations, while others may be seeking specialized wildlife experiences, such as whale- or birdwatching. Some may have very restricted budgets, whilst others may have substantial budgets and prefer a kind of luxury tourism. Part of tourism marketing, branding and promotion involves targeting selected market segments in order to attract sufficient numbers of the suitable types of tourists to visit a particular site. Marketing, branding and promotion are closely linked: marketing comprises all activities near to the point at which customers purchase tourism packages or particular tourism goods and services; promotion covers activities designed to ensure that the widest possible range of potential customers know what tourism products are available at a destination; and branding involves creating a simple image, name and reputation that are then used to help market and promote a region, group of tourism products and businesses, or individual businesses. Reaching the market involves a range of activities,including advertising, attendance at national, regional or international tourism fairs, web-based promotions (including social media), and hosting familiarization trips to show particular destinations and experiences to tour operators, travel agents, and journalists. These activities require detailed planning and preparation and generally require sizable budgets.

Planning and Policies for Panauti and tourism

Businesses and public authorities to treat solid and liquid wastes and dispose of them responsibly. Effective implementation of such legislation is National, regional and local planning and policies are key factors in environmental conservation and in ensuring that tourism contributes equitably to the development of the local economy. Tourism develops in many different ways, but one common feature is that where tourism is allowed to expand too rapidly in any area, social and environmental issues have often not been properly considered. Additionally, potential benefits for local communities are reduced both as a result of adverse environmental impacts and because rapid expansion relies more on importing trained
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staff than on training local people, thus reducing the employment opportunities available to them. The speed, scale and type of tourism development are major factors in determining whether or not tourism is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, and are generally influenced by government decisions. As a result, government planning and policies are major influences on whether or not tourism is successful and sustainable for the long term in any destination.

Legal frameworks
Appropriate legislation and its effective enforcement is important to prevent damage to the environment and to tourism assets, to protect the rights of host communities and enable them to benefit from tourism, and to ensure that future development of tourism is only permitted where it will be sustainable. Conservation and wise use needs to be supported by clear policies and regulations applying to all stakeholders, wetland users and others whose actions may have an impact on wetlands. Laws and policies related to environmental protection, planning and land uses at national, regional or local levels provide an essential framework for all relevant decision making. Such a framework ideally sets out the processes that public authorities apply to planning and approval of development proposals. They should also specify minimum standards and requirements with which developments must comply in order to be permitted. As context, it is important that they state the general objectives and commitments of the government, for example in relation to sustainable development and the need for public consultation. This and related legislation such as for biodiversity generally gives public authorities a range of responsibilities. For example, legislation may allow local authorities to limit particular types of development or to set specific local requirements (additional to the general requirements of national legislation or policies). Governments may also develop specific legislation to cover economic sectors, such as tourism, or specific sites or types of sites, such as Places of Panauti. Many governments have adopted some form of legislation that applies to tourism, including provisions for setting up national tourism boards, undertaking national planning and tourism marketing, establishing minimum standards for different types of tourism, and implementing licensing schemes fortourism businesses. As well as specific legislation for the tourism sector, legislation designed to protect the general environment applies to all sectors, including the tourism sector, and its effective enforcement is vital for maintaining the high environmental quality that destinations need to remain attractive to tourists.

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Recommendation
Responsible Tourism practices: Keys to destination sustainability The principles of responsible tourism encourage tourism operators to grow their business whilst providing social and economic benefits to local communities and respecting the environment. The following guidelines could before developing tourism; Assess economic impacts before developing tourism; Ensure communities are involved in and benefits from tourism; Assist with local marketing and product development; Promote equitable business and pay fair prices; Social guidance: Involve local communities in planning and decision making; Assess social impacts of tourism activities; Respect social and cultural diversity; Be sensitive to host culture; Environment guidelines: Reduce environmental impacts when developing tourism; Maintain biodiversity; The following are process could be followed to develop a responsible tourism plan. Select a portfolio of appropriate responsible tourism practices; Choose realistic objectives and targets; Use clear benchmarks to measure and reports on your progress; Work with trade associations, local people and government to achieve your objectives; Use responsible tourism as part of your marketing strategy; Show your progress to staff and clients;

A framework for developing a destination management strategy:

The following systems framework in strategic planning model that could be the used for devising a strategy for effectively managing the destination. 1. Situation assignment (where are we now) regarding the tourism competitiveness of the destination, including: -A macro-environment appraisal, including political, economies, social and technological opportunities and threats that need to be taken into account when planning for tourism in the destination (Panauti)

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-A marketing analysis and assessment, including the destination tourism markets share and performance, market trends and customer profiles. For Panauti: Situation assignment (where are we now) IS MORE important than other destination because it helps to know that where we are and also helps to find destination current strength and weakness, opportunities and threats. It also helps to increase competitive advantage. A strategic framework (where would we like to be): this includes the tourism vision, goal and strategies to achieve these goals. To develop Panauti, its necessary to make strategic framework to develop. A integrated multi-year implementation plan (how do we get there) it includes tourism development program and implementation plan relating to critical infrastructure, tourism information system ,new product development and packing, investment promotion systems, human resource development and awareness, safety and security. A tourism marketing program and implementation plan that supports the brand of panuti and focuses on attracting target markets through an integrated marketing mix, like promotion, packaging distribution channels and promotional activities which helps to develop the strategic framework and supports host community and its competitive advantage. Institutional and performance management arrangement (how do we organize ourselves to get there and measure success) which helps to organize system for the future management and execution of tourism in the panautiand it is based on the findings the strategy and implementation plan which helps Panauti to find an effective tourism destination and supports for host community to enhance the economic benefits and promote the destination.

Tourism policies
Well-conceived national and local policies for tourism are crucial and must fit comfortably within wider strategic policies related to conservation.

Destination Control
National and local governments can act to control how much and what type of tourism is developed and where and how fast it is developed. Planning regulations are likely already to require environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for any significant developments.
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Planning regulations may also include provisions for the types and sizes of constructions that are permitted in various areas, may specify zones for particular types of development.

A last word
We have seen some of the many ways in which tourism can be enormously beneficial for both national and local governments and the communities living in and around wetlands and for the wetlands themselves. We have also seen, however, that unless it is well-planned and well managed, tourism can have very harmful impacts upon the people involved, the ecosystem services that wetlands provide for them, the wildlife, and the natural beauty of the place. Given the crucial importance of sustainability in tourist development and operations, weve reviewed examples of the successful incorporation of clear, realistic plans and objectives, the involvement of a broad range of stakeholders in decision making, the synergies that can be achieved through collaboration among local communities and businesspeople, and the tourism industry. And finally, weve been able to consider the role of supportive legislation and policy frameworks, clearly understood and reliably enforced, in providing the context within which successful wetland tourism can grow and mature. This brief review is not meant, however, to explore these subjects in great depth or provide a step-by-step prescription for such success. Rather, it has tried only to show that wetland conservation and modern tourism can be wedded in ways that are mutually beneficial, and to point to the most important concepts that will repay further investigation. Many of the resources listed in the following section will be helpful in that investigation, and will surely lead on to additional resources elsewhere.

References and additional materials IUCN. 2012. Siting and design of hotels and resorts. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Global Sustainable Tourism Council. 2012. Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria. http://new.gstcouncil.org Brochures of Panauti Information Centre of Panauti .

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