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2 Phase Flow in Speed of Sound

The document discusses compressible flow in gas mixtures. It presents equations to model the speed of sound in gas mixtures containing small liquid or solid particles. The speed of sound in a mixture is lower than in a pure gas, with the reduction increasing as the mass fraction of the secondary component increases. The equations treat the mixture as homogeneous and assume no heat or mass transfer between components. Three extreme cases are considered: gas with small liquid/solid drops, equal parts gas and liquid, and liquid with gas bubbles.

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142 views

2 Phase Flow in Speed of Sound

The document discusses compressible flow in gas mixtures. It presents equations to model the speed of sound in gas mixtures containing small liquid or solid particles. The speed of sound in a mixture is lower than in a pure gas, with the reduction increasing as the mass fraction of the secondary component increases. The equations treat the mixture as homogeneous and assume no heat or mass transfer between components. Three extreme cases are considered: gas with small liquid/solid drops, equal parts gas and liquid, and liquid with gas bubbles.

Uploaded by

jgarciablanco
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compressible Flow Free Textbook

http://www.potto.org/gasDynamics/node74.php

Potto Home Potto Home About Potto Next: Isentropic Flow Up: Speed of Sound Previous: Speed of Sound in Index

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The gas flow in many industrial situations contains other particles. In actuality, there could be more than one speed of sound for two phase flow. Indeed there is double chocking phenomenon in two phase flow. However, for homogeneous and under certain condition a single velocity can be considered. There can be several models that approached this problem. For simplicity, it assumed that two materials are homogeneously mixed. Topic for none homogeneous mixing are beyond the scope of this book. It further assumed that no heat and mass transfer occurs between the particles. In that case, three extreme cases suggest themselves: the flow is mostly gas with drops of the other phase (liquid or solid), about equal parts of gas and the liquid phase, and liquid with some bubbles. The first case is analyzed. The equation of state for the gas can be written as (3.39) The average density can be expressed as (3.40)

where

is the mass ratio of the materials. equation (3.40) can be approximated as

For small value of

(3.41)

where

is mass flow rate per gas flow rate.

The gas density can be replaced by equation (3.39) and substituted into equation (3.41) (3.42)

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A approximation of addition droplets of liquid or dust (solid) results in reduction of and yet approximate equation similar to ideal gas was obtained. It must noticed that . If the droplets (or the solid particles) can be assumed to have the same velocity as the gas with no heat transfer or fiction between the particles isentropic relation can be assumed as (3.43)

Assuming that partial pressure of the particles is constant and applying the second law for the mixture yields

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Compressible Flow Free Textbook

http://www.potto.org/gasDynamics/node74.php

(3.44)

Therefore, the mixture isentropic relationship can be expressed as (3.45)

where (3.46)

Recalling that

reduces equation (3.46) into (3.47)

In a way the definition of volumetric heat are not linear.

was so chosen that effective specific pressure heat and effective specific and respectively. The correction factors for the specific heat is

Since the equations are the same as before hence the familiar equation for speed of sound can be applied as (3.48) It can be noticed that and are smaller than similar variables in a pure gas. Hence, this

analysis results in lower speed of sound compared to pure gas. Generally, the velocity of mixtures with large gas component is smaller of the pure gas. For example, the velocity of sound in slightly wed steam can be about one third of the pure steam speed of sound.

For a mixture of two phases, speed of sound can be expressed as (3.49) where is defined as (3.50)

Next: Isentropic Flow Up: Speed of Sound Previous: Speed of Sound in Index Created by:Genick Bar-Meir, Ph.D. On: 2007-11-21

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