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Deployment of Microgrids in India

1. The document discusses the deployment of MicroGrids in India, outlining their motivation and benefits. 2. It describes the Indian renewable energy scenario and status of existing MicroGrid development projects. 3. The presentation covers economic issues, operational challenges, and enabling technologies needed for efficient MicroGrid operation.

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Nayan Manna
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119 views34 pages

Deployment of Microgrids in India

1. The document discusses the deployment of MicroGrids in India, outlining their motivation and benefits. 2. It describes the Indian renewable energy scenario and status of existing MicroGrid development projects. 3. The presentation covers economic issues, operational challenges, and enabling technologies needed for efficient MicroGrid operation.

Uploaded by

Nayan Manna
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deployment of MicroGrids in India

Session title : The Economics of Microgrids


IEEE PES General Meeting 2010 Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Authors - V. S. K. Murthy Balijepalli, S. A. Khaparde and C. V. Dobariya

Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay


July 29, 2010

Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of MicroGrid development


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

The Background
India wants to achieve power to all by 2012. The non electrified area is mainly rural There are non-electrified pockets where the nearest transmission is more than 30 km away The Distributed Energy Resources (DER) are available in the vicinity The sources are seasonal and hence the power supply is intermittent if individual resource is harnessed A self sufficient MicroGrid utilizing coordinated multiple resources may be feasible The project can have great social impact and local development
IIT Bombay

Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

Introduction to MicroGrid
The idea of MicroGrid was introduced by the DoE, USA, as a distribution system with distributed energy sources
MicroGrid is a self-sufficient cluster of local generators, loads, and storage devices which operates for benefits of the owners.

A MicroGrid apparently achieves all the advantages of

networking at mini scale


The DERs are seasonal and to ensure continuity in supply it is essential to schedule them optimally When connected to grid, a MicroGrid has to have a capability of being good citizen to the host grid with which it intends to exchange power
IIT Bombay

Architecture and Components of a MicroGrid

IIT Bombay

Planning of MicroGrid
Why to consider multiple attributes?
Cost alone cannot be the criteria Quantify the advantages like loss reduction, improved

demand not served, saving in transmission cost,


improved voltage profile etc.

Evaluation of DG configuration plans


Interval based MADM Data envelopment analysis (DEA) based MADM

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used for finding the

relative importance of all the attributes


Trade-off analysis is used for preliminary screening of various evaluation plans
IIT Bombay

Economic Analysis
The economic feasibility study includes calculation of cost of energy (COE), net present cost (NPC), life cycle cost (LCC), etc. Various tools available for the economic analysis include HOMER, RETScreen, etc.

IIT Bombay

Feasibility Analysis: Connection to grid


Feasibility of MicroGrid for electrification of Remote Area

Break-Even distance is 37 km
IIT Bombay

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Operation of MicroGrid
Stand-Alone mode of operation
Generators and loads are not affected by the grid disturbances

Forecasting of the load will be easier for smaller network


Generators can be dispatched as per optimal power flow in real time MicroGrid requires comparatively larger reserve capacity

MicroGrid cannot bid in open market

Grid connected mode of operation


Cost of energy can be lowered by selling power to the grid Generation capacity can be optimally utilized Less reserve capacity required Prone to higher technical risk in case of fault on the grid side
Important time is the transition between the modes
IIT Bombay

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Control of MicroGrid

IIT Bombay

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MicroGrid Central Controller


Stand-alone mode
The MGCC ensures load generation balance and security of whole system

All the time it receives generation and load information


from different MCs and LCs respectively and determines voltage magnitude and phase angle of every generator bus. These signals are sent to the MCs Always tries to minimize cost at the consumer level

Grid-connected mode
It controls the power exchange with the utility grid It takes decisions related to interconnection of MicroGrid with the utility grid and load curtailment
IIT Bombay

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Need of Communication Technologies


Information and communication technology (ICT) will play a major role in making the power grid intelligent

Communication in MicroGrid

It is imperative to adopt effective communication technologies for a modern development such as a MicroGrid
IIT Bombay

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Broad Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

15

Indian RE Scenario

IIT Bombay

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Case studies: Status of MicroGrids


NEF-WISE scheme Alamprabhu pathar

West Bengal project

IIT Bombay

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NEF, Japan
New Energy Foundation (NEF), Japan is a non-profit public organization cooperated by electric power suppliers, gas suppliers, and energy related companies Survey, research, introduction and guidance in promoting REs and remaining unutilized energy MicroGrid Projects in Japan
Hachinohe Project Aichi Project Kyotango Project

IIT Bombay

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Wise-NEF (Japan) Project at Nandurbar, Maharashtra


11 villages, 49 communities, 1958 house hold (HH)
Stage 1 (current) 2 (initial) 3 (future) Demand Watts/HH 74 100 250 No of HH 2000 2000 2000 Peak demand (kW) 150 200 200 Supply Hrs/day 4 24 24 kWh/yr 2,19,000 7,30,000 18,25,000

Priority of the selection of power source for system


Hydro (pondage/run of river type) Biomass (direct combustion/gas/bio diesel) Combined Scheme 1 (Biomass+Hydro+PVor Wind) Combined Scheme 2 (Biomass +PV) PV or Wind (with battery)
IIT Bombay

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Pilot Demonstration Project with Combined RE


Source
STAGE-1

Capacity Cost (INR) (kW)

Life (yr)

Annual Energy (kWh)

PV (SHS)
Hydro (run-of-river)
STAGE-2

153
106 100 250 106 286 100 250

5,31,15,965
1,17,47,576 40,00,000 1,12,50,000 1,17,47,576 9,41,56,367 40,00,000 1,12,50,000

20
35 20 20 35 35 20 20

2,19,757
215,368 3,32,379 2,87,079 215,368 15,31,145 3,32,379 2,87,079

Biomass Wind Hydro (run-of-river)

STAGE-3

Hydro (pondage) Biomass Wind

IIT Bombay

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Outline of Demonstration Plan


Leading body
WISE jointed with partners (IIT, NEF)

Schedule
2008 : preparation for startup of project 2009 : FS study (preparation of DPR) 2010 : construction of model plant 2011 : O&M/management of plant 2012 : transfer facilities to community

IIT Bombay

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Alamprabhu Pathar MicroGrid Network

IIT Bombay

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Proposed MicroGrid Details


Analysis in the year of 2006 Resource Identified:
Biomass and Bagasse: 2400 kW Wind: 14250 kW Natural gas: 500 kW

Demand: 8900 kW (Electrical) 15000 kW (Thermal) Reserve capacity: 1900 kW Cost of Energy: Rs. 3.6 per kWh

IIT Bombay

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Sagar Island MicroGrid: West Bengal


Stand-alone and location specific REs can optimally harness by concept of MicroGrid Agencies Involved:
MNRE Indo-Canadian Environment Facility (ICEF)

Consumers: 1500

Technologies:
Solar 250 kW Diesel 400 kW

Wind-Diesel (proposed) Tariff


Residential and Commercial Rs 5.00 per kWh Industrial Rs. 5.50 per kWh
IIT Bombay

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Broad Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

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MicroGrid Issues
Main Issues
Optimal technology investment - Optimal mix of renewable Utilization of some unique aspects - Local control of power quality and reliability - Societal perspective Relationship with distribution system

Emerging Issues
Joint optimization of demand and Supply Joint optimization of heat and electric supply Focus on quality and reliability Metering arrangements Connection charges Tariff mechanisms

IIT Bombay

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Indian Conditions
Financial concerns, Environmental benefits and cost recovery
Rural electrification Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

RE tariff
Generation based incentives

RE obligations and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) Incentives and Subsidies


State government: Energy Development Agencies Central government: MNRE

Ownership and regulations


Different DGs in the MicroGrid can have different owners Consumer driven electricity system
IIT Bombay

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Broad Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

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Enabling technologies
Low cost technologies <==> Lowered Initial Investment
Advanced Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Waste Heat Generators

Energy storage technologies and storage integration


Virtual power plants (VPPs)

Standards development smart switches, relays and sensors Information and communication technologies
Robust DER- coordination architectures
Self managing Self healing
IIT Bombay

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Broad Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusions

IIT Bombay

30

Smart MicroGrids
Smart MicroGrids
SmartGrids at low scale To create perfect power system
Distributed generation and storage Co-generation Redundancy, implies better reliability Consumer control

A project in India
Developer- Valence Energy Group At Palm Meadows, a 330 premium home neighborhood MicroGrid solution will include
Smart home technology An extensive smart meter platform - connects 83kW of solar power generation and 2MW of diesel generation Offers power conditioning and demand response
IIT Bombay

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Broad Outline of the Presentation


Motivation Introduction to MicroGrid

Indian RE scenario and status of operational MicroGrids


Economic issues and operational challenges Enabling technologies- for economic and efficient operation

Smart MicroGrid a pilot project


Conclusion

IIT Bombay

32

Conclusion
Stand-alone and location specific REs can optimally harness by concept of MicroGrid using optimal scheduling of generators Franchisee model can be adopted for Operation and maintenance (O&M) of a MicroGrid A MicroGrid will be of great Socio-Economic benefit by providing electricity to remote and un-electrified areas Key considerations for success of MicroGrid
Safe and dependable communication infrastructure Control strategies

IIT Bombay

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Thank you!
Email: [email protected]

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