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3 Computational Models

The document discusses the key steps involved in building computational models: 1) Generating geometry using CAD software. 2) Meshing or breaking down the geometry into small elements. 3) Solving the governing equations that describe the physical behavior using numerical methods like finite element or finite volume. 4) Visualizing the results of the computational simulation. The document also discusses important considerations at each step like ensuring accurate material properties, appropriate boundary/initial conditions, and generating high quality meshes.

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Diego Canales Aguilera
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41 views

3 Computational Models

The document discusses the key steps involved in building computational models: 1) Generating geometry using CAD software. 2) Meshing or breaking down the geometry into small elements. 3) Solving the governing equations that describe the physical behavior using numerical methods like finite element or finite volume. 4) Visualizing the results of the computational simulation. The document also discusses important considerations at each step like ensuring accurate material properties, appropriate boundary/initial conditions, and generating high quality meshes.

Uploaded by

Diego Canales Aguilera
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Modelling

Building Computational Models

Computer Modelling
Steps In Computational Modelling

CAD generates geometry. CAD domain broken down into small elements - meshing Number of methods used to discretise equations as solver technology: Finite Difference Finite Element Finite Volume Graphical packages available for visualisation.

Build Geometry (CAD)

Mesh the Geometry

Solve governing equations

Visualize the results


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Computer Modelling
Geometry How well does the computer represent the real world? CAD software often used at this stage check veracity of the arising geometrical model. Are we capturing all the important details?

Computer Modelling
Material Properties and behaviour How do my materials behave?

Stress in Solder Joints (Elastic or Plastic) Stress in Substrates (Isotropic or Orthotropic) Air flow through a heat sink (Laminar or Turbulent)
How accurate is my materials data?

Youngs Modulus (Temperature dependent) Fluid Viscosity .

Computer Modelling
Boundary + Initial Conditions Am I using the correct boundary conditions?

Inlet flow rate at a fan. Power source in a chip.


Boundary Conditions

Dirichlet Neumann Mixed


Initial Conditions

Flotherm Prediction of Temperature

Computer Modelling
Analysis Type
Can I assume the domain is 2-dimensional?

x
Is my analysis dependent on time?

Steady state analysis Transient Analysis


Can I avoid non-linearities in the analysis?

Elastic material properties (Linear) - easier Plasticity (Non-Linear) more solution effort

Computer Modelling
Building Models
For example consider the temperature, u(x,y), across the following plate.

(0,0)

Insulated

Mathematical model to represent temperature u(x,y) is:

Solve :

2 2 u u 2 + 2 = 0.0, x y

0 < x < 10, 0 < y < 5

u ( x , 0) = u ( x , 5) = 0.0 0 x 10 y Subject to : (BC ) y u (0, y ) = 25 u (10, y ) = 100 0 < y < 5


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100o C

y
25o C

Insulated

(10,5)

Computer Modelling
Building Models

Insulated
25o C

(10,5) 100o C

REAL WORLD

(0,0)

Insulated

u(0,y) =25

u(10,y) =100

MODEL

RESULT
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Computer Modelling
Meshing Structured and Unstructured

Data referenced using I,J grid lines

Good for complex geometry

Low in-core memory requirement Poor on complex shapes. - Use Block-Structured.

Topology representation - Points - Faces - Elements Mix element types. Requires whole field solvers. - Large memory needed.
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Computer Modelling
Mesh Quality
The shape of the elements making up the mesh should be of reasonable quality

Good

Poor

Poor elements with large aspect ratios and internal angles Mesh quality depends on analysis type most codes have internal checks.

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