Cuesta, LM Statistics Reviewer

24. 25.

Enumeration 26. 1. four measurement levels 2. two kinds of statistics 3. two types of characteristic variables that can be studied that yield the observed outcomes or data (two types of data) 4. two types of samples 5. three types of nonprobability sample 6. four types of probability sample 7. two kinds of samples 8. three methods of presenting data 9. two sources of data 10. two types of statistics 11. types of socioeconomic Identification / Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. consists of procedures used to summarize and describe the important characteristics of a set of measurements consists of procedures used to make inferences about the population characteristic from information contained in a sample drawn from this population the individual or object on which a variable is measured when a variable is actually measured on an experiment unit is the set of all measurement of interest to the investigator a subset of measurements selected from the population of interest summary of the measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population summary measure that is computed to describe the characteristicfrom only a sample of the population can be thought as the numerical information needed to help us make more informed decision in a particular situation result when single variables are measured on a single experimental unit result when two variables are measured on a single experimental unit result when more than two variables are measured phenomena or characteristics wherein a survey statistician will most likely want to develop an instrument that asks questions yields categorical responses yields numerical responses are numerical responses that arise from a counting process are numerical responses that arise from a measuring process if the observed data are merely classified into variable distinct categories in which no ordering is implied if the observed data are classified into distinct categories in which ordering is implied is the weakest form of measurement because no attempt can be made into account for differences within a particular category or to specify and ordering direction across the various categories is an ordered scale in which the difference between the measurements is a meaningful quantity if an addition to differences being meaningful and equal at all points on a scale is one which the subjects of the sample are chosen on the basis of known probabilities 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.

21. 22. 23.

every individual or item has the same chance of selection as every other, and the selection of particular individual or item does not affect the chances that any other is chosen is another design which makes use of every kth member of population as member of the sample is employed when we get a sample from each subgroups coming from a population divided into larger subgroups is utilized if there is a need to divide a population into a number of relatively small subdivisions because such divisions tend to group towards a point of reference if the point of reference is geographic in character is the process of determining a number of intended respondents beforehand and when such quota is filled, the collection of data is stopped this method presents the collected data in a narrative and paragraph forms this method presents the collected data in table which are orderly arranged in rows and columns for an easier and more comprehensive comparison of figures this method presents the collected data in visual or pictorial for to get a clear view of data a numerical expression representing a part of a larger whole or proportion describe the group, not the individual describing the data what nature of statistics? from the one who is collecting the data taken from published materials collection of information nasusukat what type of data? categorical data what type of data? characteristics of individuals or things is gender a variable? yes or no? is age a variable? yes or no? cant change values can be counted using integral value what type of numerical data? has effects on dependent variables saan nanggagaling ang data? the totality the subgroup of the population summary of all observation using statistical techniques look into if there is a relationship is socioeconomic a quantitative categorical data? yes or no? is classification of hotels a categorical data? yes or no? is questions to be answered by yes or no a categorical data? yes or no? can be counted by hands use devices to be counted there is order are nominal and ordinal categorical data? are interval and ratio scales numerical data? a number assigned to a particular chair? nominal or ordinal? a number assigned to a particular basketball player? nominal or ordinal? is only an identification number nominal or ordinal? What is N? What is n? every one is given a chance not all are given a chance not arranged from lowest to highest arranged from lowest to highest one way of presenting data

70. 71. 72.

73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.

refers to the tabular arrangement of data by classes or categories together with their corresponding class frequencies group the data into the desired class size or desired number of cases condensed the data so that better observation and interpretation of data can be made, but in so doing we loose the identity of the individual observations of data in the sample is defined by a lower limit and the higher limit refers to the number of observations belonging to a class interval or the number of times a class interval or items within a category limit between two class interval defined by higher limit and lower limit obtained by adding 0.5 to the upper limit of the class interval obtained by subtracting 0.5 to the lower limit of the class interval is half the distance between two class interval obtained by adding the two class interval divided by two found by subtracting the highest score by the lowest score is the sum total of the successive frequencies from the lowest class interval or the highest class interval symbol of mean symbol of median symbol of mode a measure indicating the center of a set of data, arranged in order of magnitude is defined as the average, the sum of the values in the group data divided by the number of observations made is the average of all the scores or data gathered is called the middle most score is defined by the score with the highest frequency the most frequent score always between the mode and the mean

Recite the formulas. 1. sample 2. range 3. class interval 4. midpoint method 5. deviation method 6. mean 7. median 8. location of the median 9. median for grouped data (LL & UL) Identify what type of numerical data discrete or continuous. 1. 2. 3. 4. age weight number of students number of pens you have