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Devices and Circuits Ii: Lecture Goals

The document discusses operational amplifier design, including: 1) Stage three of opamp design involves the output stage, which can be implemented as a Class A, Class B, or Class AB amplifier. 2) A Class A amplifier conducts over the entire input cycle but has low efficiency. A Class B amplifier conducts for only half the cycle, improving efficiency but causing distortion. 3) A Class AB amplifier combines aspects of Class A and B to reduce distortion while improving efficiency through the use of bias voltages applied to the output transistors.

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Mạnh Cường Trần
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73 views

Devices and Circuits Ii: Lecture Goals

The document discusses operational amplifier design, including: 1) Stage three of opamp design involves the output stage, which can be implemented as a Class A, Class B, or Class AB amplifier. 2) A Class A amplifier conducts over the entire input cycle but has low efficiency. A Class B amplifier conducts for only half the cycle, improving efficiency but causing distortion. 3) A Class AB amplifier combines aspects of Class A and B to reduce distortion while improving efficiency through the use of bias voltages applied to the output transistors.

Uploaded by

Mạnh Cường Trần
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Goals

EE 332
Understanding of concepts related to: Opamp Design Stage Three /Class A Amplifier Opamp Design Stage Three/Class B Amplifier Opamp Design Stage Three/Class AB Amplifier

DEVICES AND CIRCUITS II


Lecture 20
DEFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER DESIGN (3)

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(OUTPUTSTAGE)
Outputstageusuallyrequireshighinputresistance,low outputresistanceandunitvoltagegain ClassAamplifier:transistorconductsduringentire 360 ofinputwaveform VDD Example:common drain(sourcefollower)
vi vo ISS RL
vi

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSAAMPLIFIER)
IfRL=:Operationrangeofamplifier:(saturation)
VDD vDS G vGS S ISS RL vo

v GS = v in v out > V TN v DS v GS V TN V DD v out v in v out V TN v in V DD + VTN

VSS

VSS

85

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSAAMPLIFIER)
IfRL=: Whatistheoutputrange?
D VDD vDS vi G vGS S ISS RL vo

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSAAMPLIFIER)
IfRL=:
D VDD vDS vi vGS ISS G S RL vo

vout = vin vGS

( v out )min = V SS ( v out )max = V DD and ( v in )min = V SS + vGS ( v in )max = V DD + vGS


Theswingofvout isnotrestricted bythetransistorsinceitstayson toconduct

VSS

Theoutput followsthe 2 I SS vout = vin VTN inputwith Kn 14 4 244 3 anoffset K K1


1

K Q I SS = n (vGS VTN )2 2 2 I SS vGS = + VTN Kn

VSS

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSAAMPLIFIER)
IfRL:
I DS = I SS + v out RL

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSAAMPLIFIER)
TheproblemwiththeclassAamplifierisefficiency Efficiencyistheratiobetweenpowerdeliveredtoload (maximum)andpowerdeliveredtoamplifier
VDD vi = VDDsint vGS ISS vDS iDS vo RL

KeepsthetransistorON (vout)min occurswhenthetransistor turnsoff,IDS isatminimumand

vi vGS ISS

vDS IDS vo RL

v out = ( I DS I SS ) R L At cut off v GS = V TN

=
Pac = = = =

Pac Pav 1 T

( v out ) m in = I SS R L

T 0

(V DD sin t ) 2 dt RL

( v in ) m in = I SS R L + v G S = I SS R L + V TN
VSS

2 1 V DD T RL 2 1 V DD T RL

T 0 T 0

(sin t ) 2 dt (1 cos 2 t ) dt 2

( v out ) m ax = V D D and, ( v in ) m ax = V DD + v GS
VSS

2 2 T V DD 1 V DD = T RL 2 2 RL

86

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSAAMPLIFIER)
=
vi VSS ISS vGS vDS iDS vo RL

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSBAMPLIFIER)
ClassBAmplifier:adeviceconductsforonly180 out of360 possibleduringfullcycle improvedefficiency
VDD

Pac Pav 1 T

Pav =

V sin t VDD ]dt [ I SSVSS + I SSVDD + DD 1 2 3 RL Current drawn 1444 4 24444 3


from VSS Current drawn from VDD into drain

M1

= I SSVSS + I SSVDD + 0 = I SS (VSS + VDD )

vin

vo M2

Howisworks: Whenvin ispositive M1turnson;M2turnsoff IDS1 chargesvout Whenvin isnegative M1turnsoff;M2turnson IDS2 dischargesvout

RL

2 VDD 2 RL 1 = = ; with VDD = VSS 2 RL 4 2VDD

VSS

M1onwhenM2offandviceversa;pushpullaction

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSBAMPLIFIER)
V vout

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSBAMPLIFIER)
ClassBefficiency
VDD M1

Consider:
vin = VDD sin t
vin t

Pac Pav
1 T 1 T

Pav (half cycle) = =


vo

T /2 0 T /2 0

V DD V DD

vin

Mostdistortionincreasesas signalsizeincreases Largesignal:harmonicdistortion Smallsignal:crossoverdistortion Wehavecreatedadistortion problem,buthowwelldid weimprovetheefficiency problem

V DD sin tdt RL 2 V DD sin tdt RL T

vin

2 2V D D RL

M2

RL

VSS

2 VD D 2 RL = = 78.5% = 2 2V D 4 D RL

Crossoverdistortion

87

OPERATIONALAMPLIFIERDESIGN /STAGETHREE(CLASSABAMPLIFIER)
WecanfixdistortionproblemintheclassBamplifier whilestillgettingimprovedefficiencybycombiningthe ClassAandClassBamplifiers VDD VGG/2cankeepboth M1 transistorsslightlyonatall times. VGG/2
vin VGG/2 vo M2

SHORTCIRCUITPROTECTION
Iftheoutputofafollowerisaccidentallyshortedtoground,the transistorcanbedestroyedduetohighcurrentandhighpower dissipation. VCC Tomakeopampsasrobust as possible,circuitryisoftenaddedto Ri vi Q1 theoutputstagetoprovide protectionfromshortcircuits. IE1
Q2 R vo RL

RL

VSS

VGG ischosentocreatea smallQcurrentinM1,and M2,butnosomuchQ currentthattheefficiency dropsdrastically.

RsensescurrentsuppliedbyQ1.If IE1R=VBE2,Q2turnsonanddirectsbase currentawayfromQ1toprotectitfrom supplyingtoomuchcurrenttoshort currentatoutput.

End of Lecture 20

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