Overview of Verilog HDL

Sunil Maloo
October 14, 1998

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Verilog HDL
 What is Verilog?
Verilog HDL is a Hardware Description Language (HDL) Verilog HDL allows describe designs at a high level of abstraction as well as the lower implementation levels Primary use of HDLs is the simulation of designs Verilog is a discrete event time simulator

 What is VeriWell?
VeriWell is a comprehensive implementation of Verilog HDL

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Program Structure in Verilog

 Verilog allows hierarchy in a design using modules and ports

System

Module_1

Module_2

System instantiates Module_1 and Module_2

Module_2 instantiates Sub_Mod

Sub_Mod

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Modules
 Verilog language describes a digital system as a set of modules Each of these modules has an interface to other modules to describe how they are interconnected
Modules represent pieces of hardware ranging from simple gates to complete systems Modules can either be specied behaviorally or structurally (or a combination of the two) A behavioral model of a module is an abstraction of how the module works
Useful in early design process to simulate the intended behavior

A structural specication expresses the behavior of a digital system as a hierarchical interconnection of sub modules

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Structure of a module
module <module name> (<port list>); <declares> <module items> endmodule

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Data Types
 Physical Data Types For modeling registers (reg) wires (wire)
The reg variables store the last value that was procedurally assigned to them The wire variables represent physical connections between structural entities such as gates

Memories are specied as vectors of registers

 Abstract Data Types These data types include: integer, real, time

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Operators
 Binary Arithmetic Operators + - * / %  Unary Arithmetic Operators - Unary Minus Changes sign of its operand  Relational Operators > >= < <=  Logical Operators ! && ||  Bitwise Operators ~ & | ^
Sunil Maloo

==

!=

~&

~|

~^
7

Verilog Presentation

Operators
 Unary Reduction Operators ~ & | ^ ~& ~|  Other Operators === Case equality !== Case inequality { , } Concatenation << Shift left >> Shift right ?: Conditional

~^

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Tasks and Functions

 Tasks are like procedures in other programming languages  Functions act like function subprograms in other languages, except
A Verilog function must execute during one simulation time unit, i.e., no time controlling statements A task may contain time controlled statements. A Verilog function can not invoke (call, enable) a task; whereas a task may call other tasks and functions.

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

Control Constructs
 Selection - if and case Statements  Repetition - for, while and repeat Statements

Timing Control
 Verilog language provides two types of explicit timing control over when simulation time procedural statements are to occur Delay control
Event expression

 If there is no timing control, simulation time does not advance

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

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Example
bIn

x1 x7 x5 x8

cOut

aIn

x2

x3

x9

sum

cIn

x4

x6

A One-Bit Full Adder

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

11

module fullAdder(cOut, sum, aIn, bIn, cIn) output cOut, sum; input aIn, bIn, cIn; wire x2; nand xnor nor or not (x2, aIn, bIn), (cOut, x2, x8); (x9, x5, x6); (x5, x1, x3), (x1, aIn, bIn); (x8, x1, x7); (sum, x9), (x6, x4), (x4, cIn), (x7, x6);

endmodule
Sunil Maloo Verilog Presentation 12

/* A 4 bit ripple carry adder is implemented using structural Verilog HDL */ /* code. a and b are 4 bit inputs and s and c_out are ouputs. s is a 4 bit */ /* sum output and c_out is a 1 bit carry output. */

module adder (); reg[3:0] a, b; wire[3:0] s; wire c_out; /* declare data types of inputs a and b */ /* declare data type of ouput s */ /* declare data type of output c_out */

/* Instantiate the 1 bit full adder module dened below to form the */ /* 4 blocks of ripple carry adder. The input carry is assumed to be zero. */ fulladder FA0(c1, s[0], a[0], b[0], 1b0); fulladder FA1(c2, s[1], a[1], b[1], c1); fulladder FA2(c3, s[2], a[2], b[2], c2); fulladder FA3(c_out, s[3], a[3], b[3], c3);

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

13

/* Test bench to give the inputs and check the output values. The time */ /* variable, inputs and outputs are displayed. */ initial begin /* Beginning of initial block */ /* The monitor statement monitors the value of variables at all instants */ /* and displays the result whenever there is any change. */ $monitor ($time, a=%b, b=%b, s=%b, cout=%b, c1=%b, c2=%b, c3=%b , a, b, s, c_out, c1, c2, c3); a=0; b=0; /* give specic input values */ #100 $display ($time); /* display the time variable */ #900 a=15; b=15; #100 $display ($time); #900 a=0; b=15; #100 $display ($time); #900 a=15; b=1; #100 $display ($time); #900 a=5; b=7; #100 $display ($time); end /* end of the initial block */ endmodule /* end of the adder module */
Sunil Maloo Verilog Presentation 14

/* 1 Bit Full adder module */ module fulladder (cout, si, ai, bi, cin); parameter delay2=1, delay3=2, delay4=3; input ai, bi, cin; output cout, si; and #delay3 (si1, ~ai, ~bi, cin), (si2, ~ai, bi, ~cin), (si3, ai, ~bi, ~cin), (si4, ai, bi, cin); or #delay3 (si, si1, si2, si3, si4); and #delay2 (ci1, ai, bi), (ci2, ai, cin), (ci3, bi, cin); or #delay3 (cout, ci1, ci2, ci3); endmodule /* variables dened as parameter */

/* declaring inputs */ /* declaring ouputs */ /* si1=~ai.~bi.cin */ /* si2=~ai.bi.~cin */ /* si3=ai.~bi.~cin */ /* si4=ai.bi.cin */ /* si=si1+si2+si3+si4 */ /* ci1=ai.bi */ /* ci2=ai.cin */ /* ci3=bi.cin */ /* cout=ci1+ci2+ci3 */

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

15

Output
0 a=0000, b=0000, s=xxxx, cout=x, c1=x, c2=x, c3=x 3 a=0000, b=0000, s=xxxx, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 4 a=0000, b=0000, s=xxx0, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 7 a=0000, b=0000, s=0000, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 100 1000 a=1111, b=1111, s=0000, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 1003 a=1111, b=1111, s=0000, cout=1, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 1007 a=1111, b=1111, s=1110, cout=1, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 1100 2000 a=0000, b=1111, s=1110, cout=1, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 2003 a=0000, b=1111, s=1110, cout=1, c1=0, c2=1, c3=1 2004 a=0000, b=1111, s=0001, cout=1, c1=0, c2=1, c3=1 2006 a=0000, b=1111, s=0001, cout=1, c1=0, c2=0, c3=1 2007 a=0000, b=1111, s=0011, cout=1, c1=0, c2=0, c3=1 2009 a=0000, b=1111, s=0011, cout=1, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 2010 a=0000, b=1111, s=0111, cout=1, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 2012 a=0000, b=1111, s=0111, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 2013 a=0000, b=1111, s=1111, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 2100
Sunil Maloo Verilog Presentation 16

3000 3003 3004 3006 3007 3009 3010 3012 3013 3100 4000 4003 4004

a=1111, b=0001, s=1111, cout=0, c1=0, c2=0, c3=0 a=1111, b=0001, s=1111, cout=0, c1=1, c2=0, c3=0 a=1111, b=0001, s=1110, cout=0, c1=1, c2=0, c3=0 a=1111, b=0001, s=1110, cout=0, c1=1, c2=1, c3=0 a=1111, b=0001, s=1100, cout=0, c1=1, c2=1, c3=0 a=1111, b=0001, s=1100, cout=0, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 a=1111, b=0001, s=1000, cout=0, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 a=1111, b=0001, s=1000, cout=1, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 a=1111, b=0001, s=0000, cout=1, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 a=0101, b=0111, s=0000, cout=1, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 a=0101, b=0111, s=0000, cout=0, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1 a=0101, b=0111, s=1100, cout=0, c1=1, c2=1, c3=1

Sunil Maloo

Verilog Presentation

17

Instructions On Using The Veriwell Simulator

 Type your code using any text editor like emacs, vi, or pico. Name the le as <le name>.v, i.e., use .v extension for le name  To simulate the code using the simulator, type eng veriwell & at the prompt. This will open the veriwell console.  Goto menu bar and click on PROJECT. Under PROJECT, click on NEW PROJECT to create a project. Once a project has been created you can open the existing project by clicking on OPEN PROJECT.  In the project window, click on PROJECT and add all your Verilog les by clicking on ADD FILE.  Then simulate your code by clicking on RUN. The output will appear on the Veriwell console.  For more information on Veriwell simulator, check the online manual at URL http://www.wellspring.com/download.htm
Sunil Maloo Verilog Presentation 18