Dna Project Uwc
Dna Project Uwc
Vanessa
Lynch
FIGHTING
CRIME
WITH
SCIENCE
Monday 20 June 2011
EVERY DAY
60 murders
AIM:
TO
DEVELOP
AND
EXPAND
OUR
NATIONAL
DNA
DATABASE
TO
THE
POINT
WHERE
IT
BECOMES
INTELLIGENT
Investigations driven by DNA .. rather than DNA being considered simply a piece of
WHY DNA?
Everyone has a unique D N A p ro l e ( e x c e p t identical twins) DNA in every cell of an individual is identical An individuals DNA prole remains unchanged throughout life
Suspect
No match Match
Suspect
innocent
Monday 20 June 2011
Match
Match
MATCH
Results of IBP
When a crime scene profile is loaded to the database, probability of obtaining an immediate match - up to 52% up to 68% of DNA profiles from crimes match a person after 12 months up to 82% of suspects charged with a crime, with DNA evidence, plead guilty Each detection, on average, leads to almost one other crime detected
S.37 of Criminal Procedure Act/ 1977 is inadequate & outdated but is only legislative source regulating DNA proling in SA. Cannot uplift a DNA prole from a convicted offender for entry onto the DNA Database: yet we have one of the highest crime rates in the world & the lowest conviction rate. Not to mention our sky high rate of recidivism!
provides for the establishment, administration and use of a DNA database as a crime intelligence tool with strict safeguards and penalties to ensure thatforensic materials are collected, stored and used only forpurposes related to the detection of crime, the investigation ofan offence or prosecution
I think the politicians are more resistant to the database than the public...
Tony Blair, 2006
Monday 20 June 2011
on which proles to include - an overview of national DNA databases worldwide shows all successful databases include proles of suspects and convicted criminals what kind of crime warrants taking of DNA? - an overview of national databases worldwide shows all successful databases include samples from all types of crimes should DNA proles be removed? Interpol suggest an exit mechanism for proles of those acquitted or where a person is no longer a suspect on sample collection - NB not to introduce unnecessary obstacles into collection process that will negatively impact on efcient collection of samples - most efcient solution is a police ofcer
N o n - c o d e d re g i o n s o f D N A analysed do not give away private or sensitive information about a person - 9 markers used A sequence of numbers is simply a unique identier, similar to a ngerprint or ID number DNA Proles used for criminal intelligence purposes only punishment prescribed by Act if information used inappropriately
Uplifting of DNA sample is noninvasive - buccal (cheek) swab / ngerpick Samples not taken randomly - Bill provides for certain categories of persons from whom samples may be taken
DNA AWARENESS
A CHAIN IS AS STRONG AS ITS WEAKEST LINK
D Dont Touch N Note, record and observe A Assist Police Officers C Comfort victims S Secure crime scene I Insist nobody interferes with crime scene
COLD CASE
USA: detectives arrested someone in the 29year-old case involving the murders of 2 19year olds who were murdered after leaving a wedding reception. Their bodies were found almost two months later. In 2009, Ofcers re-interviewed the original suspect, Mr Edwards and noted his story was different from when he told it to ofcers back in 1980. A DNA test conrmed a match to semen Edwards had left on Drews pants. Edwards was charged with two counts of rst-degree murder. 29 YEARS LATER.
The average length of time served by exonerates is 13 years. The total number of years served is approximately 3,170 The average age of exonerates at the time of their wrongful convictions was 27
The true suspects and/or perpetrators have been identied in 107 of the DNA exoneration cases
In May 1978, 4 men were arrested by Chicago police for murdering a suburban man and raping and murdering his anc. All of the suspects claimed they were innocent, but there was no doubt about their guilt: 3 of them failed a polygraph test. Eventually, The Ford Heights 4, were convicted for these brutal slayings, and 2 of the defendants were sentenced to death. But in 1996, DNA evidence exonerated all 4. They had spent 18 years behind bars, partly because the lie detector lied. Monday 20 June 2011
THE TRIUMVIRATE OF INTERESTS : the critical interplay between the police,forensic scientists and the justice system. If you absent one of these 3 critical components when trying to maximise the effectiveness of a DNA Criminal Intelligence Database, the success of any DNA Database will fail to reach its expected outcome. These challenges however are not unique to South Africa, and the way in which other countries have dealt with this, is by the implementation of a DNA Expansion Board or body of people, represented by the various departments as well as ethicists and parliamentarians and any other group relevant to that administration who collectively oversee the development of the DNA Database.
Training
LAW ENFORCEMENT
JUDICIAL
Legisla7on
LABORATORY
Capacity
TRIUMVIRATE OF INTERESTS
Monday 20 June 2011
27