Socio-economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

Vishal Singh
Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay August 2013

Outline
Introduction and overview Location and setting Methodologies of study PRA tools and techniques Agriculture Water Energy Governance
2

Introduction

Rajapur Taluka
Ratnagiri Taluka

Arabian Sea

Rajapur
Kankawali Taluka

Shahuwadi Taluka

Latitude: 17o51 N to 19o80 N Longitude: 72o15 E to 73o40 E Area: 9599.96 Ha Soil: Gravel, clayey red (rich in P, K, low in N) Rainfall: 3500 mm avg. Max. Rain: 5195 mm (2009) Temp: 22oC to 40oC Terrain slopes: 33% to 3%

Rainfall
6000 5000

4000

3000

Avg. Rain Highest in 1 day

2000

1000

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Temperature
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Temperature High
Temperature Low

Welcome to Dhaulvali
Location and setting

Dhaulvali, Maharashtra

10

About the Village

History Geological Location Terrain Climate Habitation

11

Habitations

12

Methodology

13

Objectives of the Village Report/Study

Understand and experience rural life Village dynamics and linkages Understanding of everyday rural resources and the underlying science Socio-economic structure of the village Technology interventions within the socio economic classes of the village Governmental and non-governmental organizations working in the studied areas To blend the classroom learning of system dynamics, technology interventions and social science research methods with field experience To practice PRA (Participatory Rural Activity) activities to get a detailed picture of the village, villagers and their daily activities Advantages and shortcomings of village life from a villagers perspective Economic analysis (directed research) Preparation Study Site Hosts

14

Methodologies of Study
Qualitative Research Methods
Participatory Rural Appraisal Focused Group Discussions Semi Formal Interviews

Quantitative Research Methods

Primary data collection - Questionnaire Survey Secondary data collection Analysis
15

Secondary Data Sources

Gram Panchayat Talathi Office Panlot Samiti Taluka Agriculture Office Zila Parishad Census of India, 2001 Sarpanch, Up Sarpanch Gram Sewak, Krishi Adhikari, Talathi
16

PRA Tools and Techniques

17

PRA Tools Used

Transect Walk Resource Map Social Map Seasonality Timeline Focused Group Discussions Problem Identification & Ranking Venn Diagrams Sampling based on caste and population Household personal interviews
18

Transect Walk

19

Dhaulvali: Habitations
The village Dhaulvali consists of a sum of twelve wadis which are listed as follows: Madhli Aayarwadi Bouddhawadi Lingayat Vathar Parwadi Tarbandar Gayal kokri Bhatlewadi Dalwiwadi Guravwadi Teliwadi Dhamapurkar wadi Marvelwadi

20

Transect Walk: Inferences

Location of rice fields Location of big farms Vegetation Livestock Animals

21

PRA Meeting at Parwadi

Social Split Monkey Problem Job Unavailability
22

PRA meet at Dalwiwadi

Political Issues Social concerns Livelihood
23

PRA Meet at Bouddhawadi

Old livelihood options A typical Family Today Social Status
24

Resource map: Parwadi

Cultivable Land Fallow Land Education
25

Resource Map: Dalwiwadi

Higher Education Jobs Health facilities
26

Social Map: Parwadi

Two general families, migrated Social Split

27

Social Map: Dalwiwadi

Homogeneity and unity Average farm size PWS Scheme
28

Bouddhawadi: Base Map

Social Development Employments and migration

29

Seasonality Chart
i ii iiii iiii iii ii - iii i ii iiii ii ii ii iii i i iiii ii ii iii iii i iii i ii i iii ii i iii iiii iii ii iiii iiii iii iii iiii iii i iii iii iii iii iii iiii iii i iii iiii ii i ii ii iii iiii i iiii ii i i ii iiii iiii i ii iii i

iii ii i iiii iii ii

iii i i iiii i iii ii

iii iii iiii

iii iiii iiii

30

Seasonality Patterns
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Agriculture
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Marriages/labor Festivities

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Migration Migration
31

Timeline
1600's 1940's
Habitation established
First mud road Land sealing: Recieved land Acquisition of lands Electricity in Ambelkarwadi

1956 1970 1978 1980 1995 1998 2000 2005 2012

First television
Two wheelers Car Landline connectivity Mobile phones Solar lamp posts installed
32

Focused Group Discussions

S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Problem Drinking water Quality Electricity Liquor consumption Unemployment & poverty Sanitation General medical facilities Veterinary facilities Irrigation Commodity unavailability Higher education in village Female 3 6 9 8 7 4 10 5 1 2 Male 9 2 10 3 8 4 7 6 5 1
33

Venn Diagram

34

Venn Diagram, Inferences

GP, Talathi office

Post Office, Nate

College, Jaitapur

Schools

Bank, Nate

Dhaulvali
PHC, Dhartale Hospital, Rajapur PDS Shop

Civil Hospital, Ratnagiri

Library

35

Sampling

36

Sampling
Study Area Population Category Holding Size 37

Division By Population
Dhaulvali

Dasurewadi

Total population - Females

Poklewadi

Total population - Males Total population - Persons Number of households

Bhablewadi

Ambelkarwadi

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

38

Division by Category
300 250

200

150

OBC
100

SC
General

50

39

Division by Holding Size

8%
20%

22%

Landless

Land holding<1 acre

Land holding > 1 & < 5 acres

Land holding >5acres

50%

40

Population division by age

0.14 0.04 0.14

0.14

0 to 6 6 to 16

16 to 30
30 to 60
0.54

60 and above

41

Decadal Growth (?) Dhaulvali

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1981 1000 800 600 400 200 1991 2001

0
Dhaulvali Dasurewadi Bhablewadi Poklewadi Ambelkarwadi

42

Agriculture and Livelihood

43

Farming Dependence
15% 25%

18%

Left farming Reduced farm land Share farming Farming whole land

42%

44

Annual food production of the village 2012 (Source: GP)

7% 5%

53% 35%

Mango Rice Nachni Cashew

45

Cropping Variety
Major crops
Mango Rice

Minor Crops Cash Crops Subsistence

Betelnuts Jackfruit Mango Cashew Rice Nachni

Cashew
Nachni

Coconot

46

Landholding Pattern
8%
20%

22%

Landless

Land holding<1 acre

Land holding > 1 & < 5 acres

Land holding >5acres

50%

47

Area under Cultivation

Cashew Mango

Summer veg

Groundnut

Production(MT) Area (Acres)

Rabi Veg

Nachni

Paddy

50

100

150

200

250

48

Income Pattern
120000 100000

80000

60000

Landless <1 Ha 1.01 to 2.0

40000

>2.0 Ha

20000

0 No. Of HH Agri Non-Agri Other Sources Total Avg. Expenses Surplus

-20000

49

Agriculture Details
Average farm size: 17.2 Guntha Average rice farm size: 5.4 Guntha Average Expenditure: Rs. 3500 per Guntha Urea usage: 10 kg per Guntha Average man days required: 14.4 per Guntha Average Produce: 9.7(6) Quintals per Guntha

50

PDS Requirements
Antyodaya Rice Wheat 25,000 kg 4,000 kg BPL 54,000 kg 6,000 kg APL 40,000 kg 10,000 kg

Palm oil
Pulses Kerosene Oil

1 kg per card
1 kg per card 2100 liter total

1 kg per card
1 kg per card

1 kg per card
1 kg per card

51

Lava flow farmlands

52

Water

53

Drinking Water
Name of Habitation
Madhali Ayarwadi Bhaudhhawadi Dhamapurkarwadi Parwadi Gayalkokari, Tarbandar Bhatalewadi Dalawiwadi Guravwadi Teliwadi Marwelwadi

Population
154 125 25 204 105 102 117 83 154 279

Drinking Water Source Drinking Water Facility

1 Bore well 1 Bore well 1 Dug well 2 Bore wells, 1 Dug well Surface water 1 Bore well, Natural stream 1 Bore well, 1 Dug well 1 Dug well 1 Bore well, 1 Dug well 2 Dug wells 2 HP Multi Village Scheme (MVS) 1 HP, PWS PWS PWS PWS 2 PWS
54

PWS PWS

Drinking Water Facility

7%

28%

PWS Dugwell
63%

HP MVS

2%

55

Average Time Required to Fetch Water

0.5 1 4 5 Dhamapur Parwadi Baoudhhawadi Teliwadi 1 1.7 0.9 1.1 2.0 3.0 Ayarwadi Dalwiwadi GayalKokari Tarbandar Bhatalewadi 2.1 Guravwadi

Time in Hrs

Marvelwadi

56

Average Distance Travelled to Fetch Water

30.0 Dhamapur 51.0 50

79.3

35 36.7 21.3 17.5 51.7

Parwadi Baoudhhawadi

Teliwadi
Guravwadi Ayarwadi Dalwiwadi GayalKokari Tarbandar Bhatalewadi

60.0
600.0

Distance in Ft

Marvelwadi

57

Water Supply Scheme, Bhatlewadi

58

Energy

59

Cooking Pattern
Average Time spent: 118.2 min Average water fetched: 20 liter Average family size: 4.83 Average fuel wood used:
2.07 kg per person per day 10 kg/day

60

Use of various sources for cooking

2% 3% 19%

Firewood
LPG Kerosene Gobar gas
76%

61

Electrification of Dhaulvali Village

1%

Electrified HH Non-electrified HH

99%

62

Fluctuations in Electricity Bills

44%

56% Fluctuatiing Bills Non-fluctuating Bills

63

Appliance Usage
No. of items
120 100

80

60 No. of items

40

20

0 Incandescant Bulb CFL Fan Television Mobile Electric Pump Biogas Plant Solar Plates

64

Firewood
Storage for the rains

65

Governance

66

Gram Panchayat
Member's Name Ward No. Post

Ms. Akshala A. Velye

Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje Mr. Sachin P. Pawaskar Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Mr. Ananta N. Petawe Ms. Vinita V. Ambelkar Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar Mr. Prakash P. Aagar

4
2 3 4 3 1 2 1 4

Sarpanch
Up Sarpanch Member Member Member Member Member Member Member

Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable

Ms. Rasika R. Shivgan Mr. S. R. Kale

3
2

Member
Member Gram Sewak

67

Sub Committees of GP
Sub Committees Chairman Member 1 Member 2 Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje

Ms. Akshala A. Velye

Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje

Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar Ms. Vinita V. Ambelkar

Mr. Ananta N. Petawe

Mr. Prakash P. Aagar Ms. Akshala A. Velye

Ms. Rasika R. Shivgan Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar

Ms. Akshala A. Velye

Mr. Ananta N. Petawe

Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar Ms. Akshala A. Velye Mr. Sachin P. Pawaskar

Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje

68

Other Employees
Office post . Office holder Mr. Rupesh C. Jadhav Mr. Sudhakar V. Gurav Mr. Sudhakar L. Jadhav Mr. Vishal R. Rane

Mr. Dipesh A. Mandavkar

Mr. Mahesh Sawant M. Gajanan R. Lingayat

[1]

*Mr. Lingayat was relieved from duty on 14th May; Office held by Mr. Suryakant Shinkar (temporary)

69

Other Random facts

70

Castes
(Brahmin) (Hindu Gurav) (Hindu Bhandari) (Hindu Nabhi) (Hindu Tilori Kunbi) (Hindu Teli) (Nav Buddha) (Hindu Chambar)

71

Area of villages in Dhaulvali GP

536

1195
297

Ambelkarwadi Bhablewadi

Poklewadi
Dasurewadi

118

Dhaulvali

95

72

Population of villages, Dhaulvali GP

73

Area per inhabitant: Dhaulvali GP

74

New well at Teliwadi, Dhaulvali

Repeated requests Donation of land and labor Solution
75

Library
Old and decrepit Liked by people Scope of improvement
76

Directed Research
Economic Prospects of Dhaulvali Village

77

Stakeholders of the village economy

Inhabitants Emigrants Big farm owners Enterprises in Dhaulvali Local Businesses

78

The Three Tier Structure

0.14
0.04 0.14

0.14

0 to 6 6 to 16 16 to 30 30 to 60 60 and above

0.54

79

Population Growth, Dhaulvali

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1981 1000 800 600 400 200 1991 2001

0
Dhaulvali Dasurewadi Bhablewadi Poklewadi Ambelkarwadi

80

Household
200

180
160

140
120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Male
Female

81

Landholding pattern in Dhaulvali

8%

20%

22%

Landless

Land holding<1 acre

Land holding > 1 & < 5 acres Land holding >5acres

50%

82

Farming Dependence
15% 25%

18%

Left farming Reduced farm land Share farming Farming whole land

42%

83

Migration Statistics, Dhaulvali GP

250 200 150

Female
100

Male Total

50

Total
0

Dhaulvali Ambelkarwadi Poklewadi Bhablewadi Dasurewadi

Male

Female

84

Big Farms
100% 90% 80%

70%
60% 50% 40% Cashew Nachni Rice Mango

30%
20% 10% 0% Dhaulwalli

Poklewadi
Ambelkarwadi Bhablewadi Dasurewadi

85

Non Farm Enterprises, Dhaulvali

1 1 1 8 General store 6

Flour mill/rice mill

Dairy farm Spice mill Fruit juice Auto-rickshaw 2 1 2 4 Furniture wood Building contractor Poultry

86

Nate Market Ecosystem

87

Enterprise Diversity
25 20

15

10

Series1

88

Parameters of the village economy

Sources of income Agriculture Business Cooperatives Wage labor Migration Enterprise Services Expenditure Taxes House Water Food Electricity Other utilities

89

Livelihood Source
1 9 11

41

Business Cooperatives

Agriculture/ Wage labor

Migration 36 Enterprise Services

90

Parameters influencing local economy

Climate/weather Geography Mindsets/traditional practices Social/political constraints

91

NREGA
250 200 150 Female 100 50 Total 0 Dhaulvali Ambelkarwadi Poklewadi Bhablewadi Dasurewadi Male Female Male

Total

92

Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP)

Sericulture Bee keeping Small ruminants Livestock Fisheries Biofuels Carpentry Masonry Home gardening

93

Improving the Rural Investment Climate for Businesses

Increase Market Demand Access to Marketplace and Market information Access to Finance Business Services

94

Constructional Equipment

95

Shell fishing

96

Trawler Making
Large trawlers (70 ft), Capacity 20 tons Investment: Rs. 500 000/ 8-9 Months Lifetime: 20 years SPP: 3.5 years 97

Prawns Farming
Ponds (4000 sf, 6-8 ft deep) Capital investment: Rs 1.2M Working capital: Rs.4 M SPP: 4 years 98

THANK YOU

99