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Formula of A Hydrate Lab Student Part 1

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Formula of A Hydrate Lab Student Part 1

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Formula of an Unknown Hydrate AP Chemistry Purpose: 1) To determine the percent by weight of water hydrated to a salt.

2) To establish for formula of a hydrated salt. Principles: A compound is a pure substance - it has a fixed (constant) composition. The composition of a pure substance is the same throughout and does not vary from one sample to another. According to the law of definite proportions, a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions, regardless of the amount of the sample, where it was found, or how it was prepared. A mixture, on the other hand, may contain variable amounts of different substances. The composition of a mixture is not constant. The chemical formula of a hydrate specifies the relative number of each kind of atom in a formula unit of the compound, as well as the number of water molecules bound to each formula unit. Calcium chloride dihydrate, which is used as road salt, is an example of a hydrate. The chemical formula for calcium chloride dihydrate is CaCl22H2O. The "dot" in the chemical formula indicates that two water molecules (H2O) are attached or bound to the ions in solid calcium chloride (CaCl2) . The water in calcium chloride dihydrate can be removed by heating the hydrate (Equation 1).

CaCl22H2O
147.02 g dihydrate

heat

CaCl2
110.98 g anhydrous salt

+ 2H2O
36.04 g
(2 moles of water)

Equation 1

The number of water molecules in a hydrate is called the water of hydration. The water of hydration of calcium chloride dihydrate is two water molecules per every one formula unit of calcium chloride. The number of water molecules in a typical hydrate is characteristic of that particular salt and is usually a small whole number from 1 to 10. The water of hydration can be calculated by finding moles of water per mole of anhydrous salt. The formulas of some common hydrates and their anhydrous salts are summarized in Table 1.

(1mole of anhydrous salt)

Table 1. Formulas of Hydrates and their Anhydrous Salts Common Chemical Hydrate name name
Washing soda Gypsum Epsom Salt Sodium carbonate monohydrate Calcium sulfate dihydrate Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Na2CO3H2O CaSO42H2O MgSO47H2O

Anhydrous Salt
Na2CO3 CaSO4 MgSO4

Prelab Questions: Please complete BEFORE lab day in your LAB NOTEBOOK! #1. Calculate the formula of the hydrate Na2CO3xH2O for a sample data showing all work:

Na2CO3xH2O Mass of anhydrous salt Mass of water Mass of Hydrate Percent of water in hydrate (theoretical) Moles of water Formula of the Hydrate Name of Hydrate 3.22g 1.09g

#2. The following data were obtained when a sample of barium chloride hydrate was analyzed: Mass of empty test tube Mass of test tube and hydrate (before heating) Mass of test tube and anhydrous salt (after heating) Calculate the formula for the hydrate showing all work. 18.42 g 20.75 g 20.41 g

Procedure: Please come up with a procedure to calculate water of hydration in an unknown hydrated salt. TIPS: *Use the videos on openclass! (Main page-Unit resources- Unit 1 and 2- Formulas, naming and compounds) *Make sure you record the mass of the dry empty container so that you can calculate the product!

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