REMEMBER: There are two basic causative structures - an active one (ex: "I had Mike fix my computer",

"I let him go there"), and a passive one (ex: "I had my computer fixed"). It is often used with the following verbs: TO HAVE, TO LET, TO MAKE, TO GET, and a few others.

1. She ________ that he wouldn't tell anyone. made him promise made him promised promised to make 2. Does your tooth still hurt? Yes, I have to get a dentist ________ soon. look at it to look at it to get it looked at 3. I ________ a couple of days ago. had my bike to be fixed had my bike fix had my bike fixed 4. I will not ________ with this! allow you get away let you get away to let you get away 5. Don't ________ these things about you! let him say let him to say let him said 6. The movie ________ sad. made to feel made him feel made him to feel 7. I ________ from my other address. get my mail forward get my mail to forward get my mail forwarded 8. Have your assistant ________ these letters immediately! to send send to be sent 9. He ________ yesterday. had his hair cut had his hair to be cut had hair to be cut 10. The professor ________ early.

to let the students leave let the student leave let the student to leave

TEORIE
1) The causative means that someone other than ourselves does something for us. Therefore, we usually make an arrangement with a professional to do to it. Maybe its difficult, impossible or we simply dont want to do it.

a) b) c) d)

Shes having her house painted. Weve had the carpets cleaned. Theyll be having their dinner served at half past eight. Weve been having our garden remodeled.

2) a) b) c) d)

If we want to know who did the action, we can use the by agent. Hes having his tattoo done by one of the best experts in the city. Every Saturday we have our car cleaned by a local lad in the village. She had had her nails done before her hair was cut by Sassoon. Theyll have had their meal served by the time we arrive.

3) a) b) c) d)

We also use the causative form to talk about bad experiences or mishaps. Theyve had their suitcases stolen at the airport. Weve had our electricity cut off all day. I had my car lights smashed by vandals. He had his garden destroyed by the storm.

4)

There are three verbs we shall use in causative; HAVE, GET & MAKE. Lets compare

the difference. a) He has the lawn mown every weekend by his son. (He does not do it.)

HAVE + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE b) He got his son to mow the lawn for him. (He persuaded his son to do it for him.)

GET + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE c) He got the lawn mown by his son. (He asked him to do it for him.)

GET + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE d) He made his son mow the lawn. (He insisted or ordered his son do it.)

MAKE + OBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE 5) two. a) b) c) d) She has her sons bedroom cleaned. She made her son clean his bedroom. They always get their homework done on time. The teacher always makes them do their homework. Although HAVE and MAKE give the impression that someone causes an action to be

done by a third person, you might have noticed that there is a difference between the

6)

GET is considered more informal and we tend to use it in spoken English. We shall

also use GET when the subject does the action. a) b) c) d) They always get their homework done on time. He got the lawn mown before lunch. I got all the ingredients prepared before cooking the paella. You had better get organized or youll be late. ACTIVE He makes Sushi. He loves making Sushi. He is making Sushi. He made Sushi. He was making Sushi. He has made Sushi. He has been making Sushi. He had made Sushi. He had been making Sushi. CAUSATIVE FORM He has Sushi made. He loves having Sushi made. He is having Sushi made. He had Sushi made. He was having Sushi made. He has had Sushi made. He has been having Sushi made. He had had Sushi made. He had been having Sushi made.

TENSE PRESENT SIMPLE -ING FORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT

CONTINUOUS BE GOING TO FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONDITIONAL PRESENT CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL MODALS & SEMIMODALS can could must should ought to may might will have /has to He is going to make Sushi. He will make Sushi. He will be making Sushi. He would make Sushi. He would be making Sushi. He is going to have Sushi made. He will have Sushi made. He will be having Sushi made. He would have Sushi made. He would be having Sushi made.

He would have made Sushi. He would have had Sushi made. He can make Sushi. He could make Sushi. He must make Sushi. He should make Sushi. He ought to make Sushi. He may make Sushi. He might make Sushi. He will make Sushi. He has to make Sushi. He can have Sushi made. He could have Sushi made. He must have Sushi made. He should have Sushi made. He ought to have Sushi made. He may have Sushi made. He might have Sushi made. He will have Sushi made. He has to have Sushi made. He has got to have Sushi made. He needs to have Sushi made. He neednt have Sushi made. He had better have Sushi made. He used to have Sushi made. He cant have had Sushi made. He could have had Sushi made He must have had Sushi made. He may have had Sushi made. He might have had Sushi made. He will have had Sushi made.

have / has got He has got to make Sushi. to needs to neednt had better used to MODAL PERFECT cant have could have must have should have may have might have will have He needs to make Sushi. He neednt make Sushi. He had better make Sushi. He used to make Sushi. He cant have made Sushi. He could have made Sushi. He must have made Sushi. He may have make Sushi. He might have made Sushi. He will have made Sushi.

He should have made Sushi. He should have had Sushi made.