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Pengantar Teknik Kimia (CHS) : "Introduction To Chemical Engineering"

The document provides an overview of chemical engineering as a field of study and profession. It discusses that chemical engineering deals with applying scientific and mathematical principles to transform raw materials into useful products through chemical processes and by designing the necessary equipment and facilities. The key topics covered include the history and evolution of chemical engineering; typical roles and responsibilities of chemical engineers; and current trends in the industry such as shifting from bulk manufacturing to specialized products and services.

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Rioneli Ghaudenson
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89 views

Pengantar Teknik Kimia (CHS) : "Introduction To Chemical Engineering"

The document provides an overview of chemical engineering as a field of study and profession. It discusses that chemical engineering deals with applying scientific and mathematical principles to transform raw materials into useful products through chemical processes and by designing the necessary equipment and facilities. The key topics covered include the history and evolution of chemical engineering; typical roles and responsibilities of chemical engineers; and current trends in the industry such as shifting from bulk manufacturing to specialized products and services.

Uploaded by

Rioneli Ghaudenson
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pengantar Teknik Kimia (CHS)

Introduction to Chemical Engineering


Lecture -1

Widodo W. Purwanto. Dewi Tristantini

Departemen Teknik Kimia Universitas Indonesia

Course Content

q q q q q

Chemical Industry trends What is an engineer? What is chemical engineering? What is a chemical engineer? History of chemical engineering

Chemical Industry trends

Typical Chemical plants

Current trends in application of Chem Eng

Resources/Raw material Fossil: Coal, Oil and Ga Mining Renewables: Agricultute, Farm, Solar, Water, Geothermal.

Expanding the Scope in Chemical Supply Chain

From Bulk to MolecularProcessing

Raw Materials to Consumer Products

Natural Herbs to Healthcare Products

Chemical product tree

Source: Gani, 2004

What is Chemical Engineering and Chemical Engineer

What is an engineer?
q

Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man -Thomas Tredgold, 1828 Engineers find and implement solutions for the needs of society that are economically, environmentally and morally sound.

What is Chemical Engineering


Processes: Making chemicals and pharmaceuticals Processing polymers and foodstuffs Energy generation Wastewater treatment Environmental clean-up Products: Chemicals - petrol, ammonia, methanol Polymers - polythene, PVC, synthetic fibres Consumer products - shampoo, washing powder Foodstuffs - ice cream, chocolate, beer Pharmaceuticals - paracetamol, penicillin Transformations: Chemical reactions Changes in physical state (e.g. melting, boiling) Mixing and separating Biosynthesis Process Design: Inventing a new process Designing the equipment for a process Operating a process Improving a process Product Design: Choosing a product for an application Designing the product Improving the product

Lengthscales: Molecular level - how molecules behave and react Process level - how transformations can be performed Plant level - how processes can be put together Global level - logistics, management, the environment

Many subjects: Pure science Engineering Information technology Economics Management Entrepreneurship Safety, health and the environment

What is Chemical Engineering


q The current definition of Chemical Engineering is "the

profession in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop economic and safe ways of using materials to benefit mankind."
deals with the application of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics), with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques, an important form of research and development. A person employed in this field is called a chemical engineer.

q Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that

View of Chemical Engineering

What is Chemical Engineer


In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is the profession in which one works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment to perform such work.[1] In general, a chemical engineer is one who applies and uses principles of chemical engineering in any of various practical applications; primarily with respect to the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes.. Historically, the chemical engineer has been primarily concerned with process engineering. The modern discipline of chemical engineering, however, encompasses much more than just process engineering. Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. These products include high performance materials needed for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, electronic, environmental and military applications. Examples include ultra-strong fibers, fabrics, adhesives and composites for vehicles, bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics, gels for medical applications, pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical or spectroscopic properties for opto-electronic devices. Additionally, chemical engineering is often intertwined with biology and biomedical engineering. Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such as understanding biopolymers (proteins) and mapping the human genome.

A chemical engineer is more than a chemist

Typical chemical engineer role

Chemical Engineering History

History of Chemical Engineering


1805 John Dalton published Atomic Weights, allowing chemical equations to be balanced and the basis for chemical engineering mass balances. 1882 a course in Chemical Technology is offered at University College, London 1883 Osborne Reynolds defines the dimensionless group for fluid flow, leading to practical scale-up and understanding of flow, heat and mass transfer 1885 Henry E. Armstrong offers a course in chemical engineering at Central College (later Imperial College, London). 1888 Lewis M. Norton starts a new curriculum at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): Course X, Chemical Engineering 1889 Rose Polytechnic Institute awards the first bachelors of science in chemical engineering in the US. 1891 MIT awards a bachelors of science in chemical engineering to William Page Bryant and six other candidates. 1892 A bachelors program in chemical engineering is established at the University of Pennsylvania. 1901 George E. Davis produces the Handbook of Chemical Engineering 1905 the University of Wisconsin awards the first Ph.D. in chemical engineering to Oliver Patterson Watts. 1908 the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is founded. 1922 the UK Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is founded. 1942 Hilda Derrick, first female student member of the IChemE.

The Fathers of Chemical Engineering

Carnot, Sadi. (1824). Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire. Clausius, Rudolf. (1850). On the Motive Power of Heat George Davis (1850-1907). Founder of the profession and the concept of unit operations.

The first text book in 1923

ChE - a Unique Position


100 80 60 40 20 0

1st Qtr

3rd Qtr

East West North

CPI Trend
Historically, the chemical process industry (CPI) has been the major employer of chemical engineers. The CPI was comprised primarily of manufacturers of basic and specialty chemicals, petroleum products, polymers, synthetic textiles, pulp and paper products, etc.. Currently, the CPI is undergoing a rapid transformation, influenced by a number of factors including: increasingly stringent safety and environmental regulations; expansion of fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological chemical sectors; increased focus on product engineering approaches; increased emphasis on sustainable growth and process reliability; uncertainties in the energy sectors, and many others.

Process-Centered Company to Product-Centered Company

Source: Stephanopoulos, 2004

Source: Stephanopoulos, 2004

Thank You

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