4 How much do you know about the Teletón in Chile?

Do this quiz with a

partner.
Learning
a. The first Teletón took place in tip
i. 1978
ii. 1987
b. The organiser of the Teletón is Whenever you read or listen
i. Mario Kreutzberger to a text in English, pay
ii. the Chilean government attention to the words that
c. Today, the Teletón Foundation looks after look or sound similar in
i. children and young people with any kind of physical or Spanish. They may give you
psychological problem a lot of information about
ii. children and young people with any kind of physical problem the content of the text.
However, watch out for False
d. The main objective of the televised Teletón is to
Cognates!
i. collect funds for the Teletón Foundation
ii. to make people aware that the Teletón exist

WHILE YOU LISTEN

5 Listen to a radio interview with Jorge, a young handicapped person.

Would you say that Jorge´s mood while he is speaking is
a. depressed? c. resigned?
b. angry? d. content?

6 Listen to the interview again and choose the best alternative.

a. Jorge has been wheelchair-bound for
i. 18 years.
ii. 3 years.
b. Jorge’s accident happened when he was
i. on holiday.
ii. at school.
c. He crashed
i. a car.
ii. a speedboat.
d. His first worry was that he couldn’t go
i. to discos.
ii. up to his bedroom.
e. Jorge thinks he is lucky because he can
i. move his legs and arms.
ii. feed himself and play his guitar.
f. At the moment Jorge is
i. preparing his university entrance exams
ii. studying computer engineering.
g. Jorge and his rock band will be playing in
i. a disco
ii. the Teletón

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE 71

 7 Copy the sentences in your notebook. Listen again and complete the
missing information.
a. An _______ can happen to any of us.
b. I hit _______ on something hard.
c. I didn’t want to see _______.
Quote of the day
d. I can’t _______ but I enjoy the crowd and being among _______.
“There are so many
opportunities in life that the
loss of two or three
capabilities is not AFTER YOU LISTEN
necessarily debilitating. A
handicap can give you the
8 Copy the chart in your notebook and tick the situations where you would
opportunity to focus more use informal language.
on art, writing, or music.”
Jim Davis (1915-1981) American
Actor.
Applying for a place at a university
Chatting on-line
In a job interview
Talking to the school director
Talking to friends
Talking to your parents

9 Match the formal and informal expressions.

It is a pleasure I would like Good morning.

to see you. you to meet my How are you
friend John. today?

This is Good morning.

my friend How are you Great to
John. doing? see you.

10 Look at these sentences from the interview. Which of them sound formal
and which ones informal?
a. He has been confined to a wheelchair.
b. How the heck am I going to go up?
c. I hang around with my friends.
d. I want to study computer engineering.
e. It must have been really hard.
f. It sucked.

72 UNIT 3
11 Can you guess what these organisations do and who they help?
a. Hearing Concern
b. British Dyslexia Association
c. National Society for Mental Health and Deafness
d. Association of Wheelchair Children

12 Read the poem “I am able!” written by a disabled person. Is it pessimistic

or optimistic?

I Am Able!
by Lania Lee

People say I am disabled

What an awful label!
But I am able – Did you know that...
Disabled is just a fable. the Paralympic Games is
an elite multi-sport event for
I travel on wheels - athletes with physical
disabilities? This includes
That’s the only difference mobility disabilities,
It’s not such a big deal. amputees, visual disabilities
Even on wheels - I can still feel. and those with cerebral
palsy. The Paralympic
Games are held every four
People stop, point, and stare years, following the
But really - I don’t care. Olympic Games, and are
governed by the
Because I am able International Paralympic
no matter how much you glare Committee (IPC). (The
I am able – just beware! Paralympic Games are
sometimes confused with
the Special Olympics,
Source: http://www.disabledperson.com
which are only for people
with intellectual disabilities.)

13 Discuss these questions in your group.

a. Do you know any other organisations apart from the Teletón that help
or bring together people with some kind of handicap?
b. How do you contribute to the Teletón?
c. What does the title of the listening text - Not all that different - mean?

SELF - EVALUATION
I have made myself understood even if I made some mistakes. YES NO
I showed respect for my classmates.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE 73

 JUST FOR FUN
Do you know what a limerick is? A limerick is a five-line, often humorous poem with
a strict rhyme pattern which usually is A-A-B-B-A. The first line traditionally
introduces a person and a location. A true limerick is supposed to have a kind of
twist at the end. Here are a few examples:
Source: www.poetry-online.org

There was an Old Man in a tree,

Who was very angry with a Bee;
When they said, ‘Does it buzz?’
He replied, ‘Yes, it does!’
‘It’s a regular brute of a Bee!’

There was an Old Man of Kilkenny,

Who never had more than a penny;
He spent all the money,
In onions and honey,
That silly Old Man of Kilkenny.

There was a young lady from Niger,

Who smiled as she rode on a tiger.
After the ride
She was inside,
And the smile was on the face of
the tiger.

1 Now you try writing your own limerick! Here are some rhymes to help you:
a. Matt, hat, cat, house, mouse
b. Peru, shoe, true, fight, night

74 UNIT 3
 PROJECT
1 In groups of 8 or 10 choose one of the following b. how you will raise the money (e.g. music
campaigns to raise funds for: event, bingo, sport event, etc.).
a. Teletón c. how you will advertise it (e.g. community
b. Save the Chilean Puma radio, door to door, etc.).
c. A book for each Chilean Child

2 Decide: 3 Prepare a poster to advertise your campaign.

a. what slogan you will use for your campaign Include the event(s) you will hold, with dates,
(e.g. “Make the World a Better Place for place, time, etc., the slogan, pictures, photos,
Everybody”) contact details, etc.

SYNTHESIS
In this unit we have learnt:

Vocabulary related to different kinds of people d. irregular adjectives:

and the differences between people. good – better, bad -worse

athletic chubby How to make lists with bullets points

Asian big

To recognise collective nouns that are a single

pygmy tall Slavic group made up of more than one person or
object.
How to compare two things, people, ideas:
He was taller and more athletic than his brothers. army association audience company
Pygmies are much shorter than other African
people. corporation jury senate society

How to form comparatives of adjectives:

a. when the adjective has one syllable we add –er To distinguish between formal and informal
b. when the adjective ends in y we add -er and language and when to use it.
change y to i
c.when the adjective has more than one syllable About different types of organisations,
and does not end in y we place more before associations, clubs and groups.
the adjective

Different Kinds of People 75

 EXTRA ACTIVITIES
1 Use the words from exercise 10 on page 62 to fill in the gaps in the sentences. There are two pairs of
adjectives you do not need to use.
a. When people eat too much and don´t get enough exercise they usually become _______.
b. He is 1 metre and 89 centimetres _______.
c. When John got lost in the mountains he didn´t eat for 3 days and got terribly _______.
d. When he was a child he was quite _______, but then he just started growing and growing!

2 Now choose adjectives from the box to compare the elements in each picture.

a b c d e f

. better . cheaper . easier . longer . more beautiful . more difficult

. more expensive . shorter . ugly . worse

3 Make pairs of opposites.

better cheaper easier longer more beautiful

more difficult more expensive shorter uglier worse

4 Complete these sentences with a collective noun.

a. The _______ declared him guilty.
b. The local _______ scored two goals.
c. My father belongs to a famous _______.
d. The _______ was very nice with the new singer.
e. I work for an international _______.

5 Use the expressions in the bubbles to write three short dialogues:

I´d like to introduce my Good

Hi, how are you doing? morning, how
boss
are you?

Great, and you? This is my

friend, John It´s a pleasure
to meet you

76 UNIT 3
 CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES
1 Look at the groups of Chilean indigenous peoples on page 63 and make a fact file for each of them.

Name:
Nomad / Sedentary:
Geographical Location:
Language:
Houses:
Food:
Weapons:
Main Activities:
Religion:

2 Choose two groups and write a short paragraph comparing them.

3 Complete the following diagram with collective nouns that correspond to each category.

Collective nouns

Objects / places Animals People

4 Promoting a help organisation.

a. In your group, find information about a Chilean organisation that helps people with some kind of
handicap.
b. Put the information together and prepare a short presentation to promote it, including visual
support (postcards, a poster, a leaflet, illustrations, photos, etc).
c. Present your work to your classmates.
d. Listen to the other presentations and take notes about other organisations.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE 77

 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING A SUCCESSFUL MELTING POT

Cultural diversity is not necessarily a bad thing for a country. Australia is

often called the world’s most successful examples of multiculturalism. The
most recent census data reveals that there are over 200 different ancestries
with 22% of the population born overseas (11.2% born in Europe, mainly
the UK and Ireland, 5% born in Asia and 1% born in the Middle East or
north Africa). Italian is the most popular language other than English
spoken at home, followed by Greek, Cantonese, Arabic and Vietnamese.
Indigenous Australians are just over 2 per cent of the population. Half of
all Australians are women. The average age of Australians is 40.
http://www.wikipedia.com

1 Read the text and answer the questions. e. Where does the information on Australian
5 pts.
population come from?
a. If the total population of Australia is 20 million
people, how many people were born
overseas?
2 Find words in the text that mean the same as:
b. What other languages apart from English are 2 pts.
spoken in Australia? a. abroad
c. What percentage of Australian population is b. originating and living or occurring naturally in
composed of women? an area or environment
d. How many indigenous people live in Australia?

LANGUAGE

3 Put these words in the corresponding column. who, despite his size, was nice to people.
b. He got very good grades because he showed
5 pts. (0.5 each)
_______ in his school work.
clarification clear danger dangerous c. A manta ray is a very _______ sea creature.
d. She bought an _______ computer.

expensive expense interesting

5 Read how these people describe and compare
themselves and say if statements a. - d. are true
interest giant gigantic or false. 4 pts.
Diana: I am taller and slimmer than John but
shorter and fatter than Danny. I am
Adjectives Nouns also better at athletics and arts than
John but he is better at maths and
languages.
John: I am shorter than Diana and Danny. I
am better at maths than Diana and
Danny. Diana is better at arts than I am.
4 Use some of the words in exercise 3 to fill in the Danny is better at biology and sciences.
gaps. 4 pts. Danny: I am taller than John and Diana. Diana
a. Lorna told us a story about a gentle _______. is fatter than me. I am better at biology
than Diana and John.
78 UNIT 3
 a. Diana is taller than Danny. 6 Choose the correct word. 4 pts.
b. Danny is better at sciences than both Diana
and John. a. The Chilean women’s hockey team are / is
c. John is fatter than Diana. winning the match.
d. Danny is taller than Diana and John. b. The students’ committee are / is voting.
c. The rock band are / is going to their homes.
d. The audience was /were interested in the play.

LISTENING BORROWING A BOOK

7 Listen to the conversation and decide if the 8 Listen again and put the sentences in the order
statements are true or false. 5 pts. you hear them. 2 pts.
a. Cora has to read a book for school. a. Are you busy right now?
b. The book is not in the library. b. I will ring him right away.
c. Mike doesn’t have the book. c. She is about to finish it.
d. Mike gives Cora Jackie’s phone number. d. You could ask her to lend it to you.
e. Cora will phone Jackie right away.

0 8 16 24 31
KEEP TRYING to 7 REVIEW to 15 WELL DONE! to 23 EXCELLENT! to 31 TOTAL PTS

SELF - EVALUATION
In this unit I have...
YES NO YES NO
Reading Speaking
- grasped the main idea of the texts. - practised effective group and pair skills.
- answered most questions correctly. - expressed my point of view
- interacted with other students to appropriately.
do the exercises related - summarised main points.
to reading. - made myself understood even if
- summarised the main points. I have made some mistakes.
- found equivalent words or - discussed general ideas and
phrases to match meanings. topics related to the texts.

Listening Writing
- focused both on details and - been aware of the purpose of
the general idea of the text. my writing.
- followed directions effectively. - organised my ideas appropriately.
- taken notes to help me - actively revised my own writing.
understand the text. - learnt how to write a bulleted list
- distinguished different speakers. of ideas.
Different Kinds of People 79
UNIT 4

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD

In this unit you will learn to: You will also learn:
READING: identify the origin of a text / predict general content of a GRAMMAR: suffixes to indicate jobs / the Past Simple tense.
text from pictures / distinguish general and specific topics. VOCABULARY: words related to famous Latin American
LISTENING: locate specific information in a text / discriminate people, art styles and sports / professions / numerical data.
between correct and incorrect information / use cognates to
understand a text. You will use the following text types:
PRODUCTION: talk about artistic expressions and sports / write READING: a web page / a postcard / an e-mail / an extract
a short paragraph using data from a chart / complete sentences from a newspaper.
and dialogues. LISTENING: an interview / dialogues.
FUNCTIONS: make descriptions / express opinions / draw
conclusions from a graphic organiser.
You will pay special attention to these values
Respect and acceptance of women's rights.
Appreciating the importance of helping nations in need.

80
1 Match the people in the pictures (a. – d.) with the country they
come from.

a b c d

Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Guatemala

2 Match the pictures (a. d.) with the names (1. - 4.) and the people´s
achievements (i. – iv.).
1. Edson Arantes do Nascimento 2. Isabel Allende
3. Shakira 4. Rigoberta Menchu

i. A famous writer. ii. Nobel Peace Prize Winner.

iii.A famous singer. iv. A famous football player.

3 Look at the three definitions of the word ambassador. Which is the

most accurate one? Explain you choice. Give examples.
a. a diplomat of the highest rank. American v/s
British English
b. a person accredited as representative from one country to another.
c. a diplomat of the highest rank or a person who represents a country organization /
or an organisation. organisation

4 Would you call the people in the pictures Latin American organization
ambassadors? Why? Why not?

5 Make a list of people you would call Chilean / Latin American

ambassadors. Compare with your partner / in your group.

81
 MEXICAN QUEEN OF COLOUR
READING

BEFORE YOU READ

Learning
tip

Before reading a text, make

use of all the visual clues –
illustrations, titles and sub-
titles, beginning of
paragraphs, etc., to make
mental predictions about
the contents of the text.
Then read and check your
predictions.

1 What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you look at these
paintings?

2 Which words should go into the right-hand side of the diagram, which
into the left-hand side and which ones are shared and should go in the
middle?

. ballad . canvass . composer . dance . easel . filmmaker

. literature . music . musician . paint brush . painter
. painting . poetry . sculptor . sculpture . songwriter . violin

art artist

American v/s 3 Look at the pictures and at the title of the unit. What do you think the
British English text will be about?
colour, a. A Mexican painter.
colourful b. A Mexican queen.
color,
colorful

82 UNIT 4
4 Choose one of the pictures and describe it. You can use words and
phrases in the box to help you:

. abstract . background . colourful . face . features . general view

. I believe . I can see . in my opinion . I think . it seems that
Quote of the day
. original . realistic . romantic . self-portrait . striking
. strong colours . surrealistic . ugly . well-defined “I paint self-portraits because
I am so often alone, and
because I am the person I
know best.”
Frida Kahlo
SELF - EVALUATION
I have related previous and new knowledge.
I have made predictions. YES NO

MEXICAN Queen
QUEENofOF COLOUR
I. Frida Kahlo (1907 – 1954) was a Mexican painter of the indigenous
culture in a style combining Realism, Symbolism and Surrealism. She was
the wife of the muralist and cubist painter, Diego Rivera. She was deeply
influenced by indigenous Mexican culture, visible in the bright colours of
her paintings and dramatic symbolism. “I paint my own reality,” she once
said. Most of her paintings show her troubled personality and life
experiences and she loved to paint herself - 53 of her 140 paintings are
self-portraits.

II. When she was a small child she suffered from polio which left one of her legs shorter. Later
on in her life, she was in a serious tram accident which left her in terrible pain for most of her
life. Her poor health is also often shown in her pictures.

III. Kahlo was famous for her unconventional appearance -

she refused to remove her facial hair (she had a small
moustache and black brows which she exaggerated in self-
portraits), and for her extravagant style of clothing based
mainly on traditional Mexican dresses.

IV. Her preoccupation with female themes and women’s

problems made her a cult feminist figure in the last decade
of the 20th century. Today, Frida Khalo is considered
Mexico’s painting ambassador and a representative of
women’s rights.
Source: www.wikipedia.org

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 83

 WHILE YOU READ

5 Read the text and check your prediction in exercise 3.

6 Copy this fact file in your notebook. Then read the text and complete it.

Name: ______________________
American v/s
Surname: ____________________
British English
Year of birth: __________________
surname / Nationality: __________________
family name Profession: ____________________
Marital status: __________________
last name Health problems: ________________
Physical appearance: ______________
Famous for: __________________
Year of death : __________________

7 Read the text again and match headings a – d with paragraphs I – IV.
a. Eccentric appearance.
b. Health problems and accident.
c. Mexican roots.
d. Symbol of women’s rights.

8 In which paragraph can you find information about:

a. Frida’s husband?
b. the clothes she wore?
c. the style of her paintings?
d. the number of her paintings?
Joke Time e. the disease she suffered as a child?
Bob: Hey, Bill did you hear
about the artists who held a
competition?
9 Find words in the text that could replace the words in bold in the
Bill: No? How did it turn out? sentences below. The number at the end of each sentence indicates the
Bob: It was a draw. number of the paragraph where you can find the words.
a. Very often she painted herself. (I)
b. When she was a child she had polio. (II)
c. Her appearance was often eccentric. (III)
d. Her main worry was women’s problems. (IV)
e. She became very famous in the last ten years of the
20th century. (IV)

10 Choose the best title for the text. Justify you choice and compare ideas
with other students.
a. Frida – painter and activist
b. Frida Kahlo – a biography
c. Memories of Frida Kahlo
d. The life and works of Frida Kahlo

84 UNIT 4
AFTER YOU READ
Quote of the day
“The person who knows
Language Note HOW will always have a job.
The person who knows WHY
Suffixes that indicate jobs
will always be his / her
boss.”
1. Look at these sentences from the text. Diane Ravitch
a. Frida was a Mexican painter of the indigenous culture
b. She was married to the muralist and cubist painter Diego
Rivera.

2. Do the words painter, muralist refer to

a. people?
b. objects? Learning
c. ideas? tip

3. How many parts are these words made of? What is their
An efficient way to learn a
ending? What do you call this kind of ending? language is to study with a
a. Prefix friend.
b. Suffix If you can persuade a
-er, -or, -ist, -yst friend or family member to
a person who ….. (painter – a person who paints, operator – a study with you, it will help
you to practise and check
person who operates machines, typist – a person who types)
your mistakes. Agree times
Some more examples: to meet, set goals for the
accumulator analyst biographer compiler week, and test each other
operator sculptor typist regularly.

11 Which suffix -er, -or, -ist or –yst would you choose for these words:
a. speak
b. programme
c. sing
d. work
e. biology

12 MINITEST Complete the sentences using the words in brackets with

the correct suffix. 10 pts. American v/s
British English
a. The taxi (drive) parked the car in the car park.
b. Ask the (edit) – he will tell you when the book will be published.
car park
c. Jenny dreams of becoming a famous (art).
d. A person who prepares cakes and bread is called a (bake).
e. She loves music so much she would like to become a (violin) or a parking lot
(piano).
0 4 7 to
REVISE AGAIN to 3 GOOD JOB! to 6 EXCELLENT! 10

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 85

 13 Talk about the paintings below with your partner following these
instructions and the model provided by Rodrigo and his friend in the
recording.
a. Ask you partner which of the pictures he/she likes best. Why?
b. Does he/she know who the painter is?
c. What is the style of the painting? What is the title of the painting?
d. What can he / she tell you about the colour?
e. Which room in his / her house would he / she put it in?
Quote of the day
“No one is an artist unless he
carries his picture in his head
before painting it, and is sure
of his method and
composition.”
Claude Monet (1840 - 1926) French
artist

Japanese Bridge
Claude Monet
Impressionist

Quote of the day

“There are painters who
transform the sun to a yellow
spot, but there are others
who, with the help of their art
and their intelligence,
transform a yellow spot into
the sun.”
Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973) Spanish
artist Skull and Pitcher
Pablo Picasso
Cubist

Quote of the day

“We want more than a mere
photograph of nature. We do
not want to paint pretty
pictures to be hung on
drawing-room walls. We
want to create, or at least lay
the foundations of, an art that
gives something to humanity.
An art that arrests and The Scream
engages. An art created of Edvard Munch
one’s innermost heart.” Expressionist
Edvard Munch (1863 – 1944)
Norwegian artist 14 Choose one of the paintings and describe it in detail (objects, people,
colours, location, etc.).

86 UNIT 4
 THE “BEAUTIFUL” SPORT
LISTENING

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

1 Do this quiz on football and check how much you know about this sport.
a. Football was first played
i. by ancient Greeks
ii. by the English in the Middle Ages
iii. by Spanish Conquistadors

b. The oldest club in the world at the moment is

i. Sheffield FC
ii. Manchester United
iii. Boca Juniors

c. Football was “exported” to Italy, Spain, Brazil and Argentina by

i. English sailors
ii. English soldiers
iii. English teachers

d. The first football Cup was played in

i. Germany in 1939
ii. England in 1956
iii. Uruguay in 1930

e. Chile hosted the FIFA Football Cup in

i. 1962
ii. 1964
iii. 1966

a. - ii, b. - i, c. - i, d. - iii, e. . i Joke Time

Why didn’t the dog want to
play football?
2 Which of these words look or sound similar in Spanish? It was a boxer!

What lights up a football

stadium?
career creativity cup football A football match!

What tea do footballers

game generation goal philosophy drink?
Penaltea!

professional sport stadium talent

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 87

 3 Do you know the names of these football players?
Where do they come from?

WHILE YOU LISTEN

4 Copy this table in your notebook. Then listen to the interview and
decide who said:

Interviewer Pele
Football has a big responsibility to society.
Football is a sport which brings people together.
Sometimes, a person is born with a special talent.
Football can be used to take kids from the streets and away
from drugs.

5 Copy these sentences in your notebook. Then listen again and fill in the
gaps.
a. Pele played ________ games and scored ________ goals.
b. He started playing professional football when he was ________.
c. He is now ________ in his country.
d. His favourite goal is goal number ________.
e. There are great players in ________, ________ and ______.

6 Listen again. Are these statements true or false?

a. Pele thinks today everybody plays not to lose.
b. He won his first football cup at 15.
c. There were 200,000 people present when he scored his 1000th goal.
d. He would like to live his life differently.

7 Listen once more and write down words from the interview that mean
the same as these. Write in your notebook.

. A group of players . A special skill or ability . A prize or award

. Aim or objective . Children

SELF - EVALUATION
How much did the cognates help me to understand the text?
How did my previous knowledge help me to understand the text?

88 UNIT 4
AFTER YOU LISTEN
8 Match the pictures with the words:

a b c d e

goal keeper referee T-shirt whistle yellow card

9 MINITEST Copy and complete the dialogues in your notebook using

the expressions in the bubbles. Follow the example. Check with the
recording. 8 pts.
Q: _____________ score?
A: 1,281.
Q: How many goals did Pele score?
A: 1,281. Did you know that...
another name for football is
What is he What is soccer?
How many
talking about Pele’s
goals did
Pelé

When did Where

he start did he
score his

a. Q: ___________ playing football?

A: When he was 15.

b. Q: ___________ 1000th goal? Quote of the day

A: At the Maracana stadium, when the victory was in the bag.
“Football is an honest game.
c. Q: ___________ in the interview? It’s true to life. It’s a game
A: About his past and his ideas. about sharing. Football is a
team game. So is life.”
Joe Namath (1943 - ____) US
d. Q: ___________ real name? football player
A: Edson Arantes do Nascimento.

10 Listen and repeat the dialogues. Then practise and role play them with
your partner.
0 3 6
REVISE AGAIN to 2 GOOD JOB! to 5 EXCELLENT! to 8

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 89

 11 Play this memory game with another student until you have discovered
all the pairs.
a. You will need scissors, paper and pens or pencils.
b. Cut out forty 2 cm x 4 cm paper rectangles. They must all be the
same size and paper type.
c. Write the words from the list on the pieces of paper.
d. Put the rectangles face down on your desk.
e. One student picks up two pieces of paper and checks if they form a
pair (sport and sports person).
f. If it is a pair, he / she keeps it and wins a point.
g. If he / she doesn’t have a pair, he / she puts the papers back on the
table in the some place he / she took them from.
h. It is now the turn of the other player.
i. The winner is the student with the most pairs.

archery archer
athletics athlete
boxing boxer
climbing climber
cycling cyclist
diving diver
football football player
gliding glider
golf golfer
gymnastics gymnast
hiking hiker
hunting hunter
rally driving rally driver
running runner
surfing surfer
skating skater
skiing skier
swimming swimmer
wrestling wrestler

12 Write 5 questions you would ask your favourite sports person.

90 UNIT 4
 THE PEARL OF THE CARIBBEAN
READING

BEFORE YOU READ

1 Look at the map and read the names of the countries in the Caribbean.
Which of the countries do you think is known as the Pearl of the
Caribbean?

Did you know that...?

Gulf of
Mexico Atlantic Ocean the Caribbean is a
region of the Americas
Mexico
Cancun Cuba
consisting of the Caribbean
Cozurnel
Puerto
Sea, its islands (most of
Haiti
Jamaica Rico which enclose the sea), and
Belize Dominican
Republic the surrounding coasts?
Guatemala Situated largely on the
Caribbean Plate, the area
Honduras
Caribbean Sea comprises more than 7,000
Nicaragua
islands, islets, reefs, and
cayes.
Trinidad
Pacific Costa- Colombia
Rica
Ocean Panama Venezuela

2 Which of the words in the box do you think you might find in a text
about the Caribbean?

. beach . island . poverty . surfing . troops

. tropical fruit . war

3 Match the pictures (a - c) and the newspaper headlines (i. - iii.).

a b c
i. “United Nation Troops on Peace-Keeping Mission”
ii. “Election Results to be Announced Tomorrow”
iii. “Doctors Without Borders Distribute Food and Medical Supplies”

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 91

 O
THE PEARL F THE CARIBBEAN
I.

C
hile’s Defence Minister The Minister said: “We are
arrived in Haiti on proud and we have seen that our
American v/s Wednesday to visit the troops are not only outstanding
British English Chilean troops in the Caribbean in their professionalism but also
nation as part of the United in their humanity.”
defence Nations peace-keeping forces. Chile sent a new contingent of
The minister arrived in the 165 marines to Haiti in May to
Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince join the UN troops under the
defense
along with her Brazilian and command of Brazilian general
Uruguayan colleagues, local Augusto H. Ribeiro.
media reported. Source: La Tercera, El Mercurio.

II. From [email protected]

To [email protected]

Sent Thursday, 29 December, 2006 12:08 PM

Louise,
After a long and bumpy flight we finally arrived here. And it
was a real shock. The poverty is tremendous. No paved
streets, no clean water, no food and all with the wonderful
background of white sandy beaches, lush vegetation and
beautiful children with dark and sad eyes. I am writing the III.
article for the paper and will then leave.
I will write more tomorrow. Stephen,
eek we
ords. Last w
Love Just a few w
ilk to
food and m
George distributed
n. Thechildre
the island’s
es
the medicin
plane with
IV. Discovered by C Monday.
hristopher Colu arrived on
mbus on 6 day
December, 1492 them yester Stephen Wild
the island’s first We packed e Road
Hispañola. Fam name was the 2ª Landsdal
ke them to
ous for its beau
tiful beaches, and will ta
tropical flowers Cuba
ay. Greenwich,
known as the P
and fruit, Haiti
was later villages tod B1
earl of the Carib , London SW2A
you can get ther be an. Today, Missing you
e by air or ship Jamaica
Haiti UK
tourism has decl although Hanna
unrest. The offic ined greatly du
e to civil Do
ial languages ar
Creole and Engl e F rench and Re
ish is spoken in
the capital.
Source: Caribbean Se
www.encarta.m
sn.com/encyclo
pedia
a

92 UNIT 4
WHILE YOU READ
4 Have a quick look at the texts and check if your idea about the Pearl of
the Caribbean was correct and if the words you thought would appear
are in the texts.

5 Look at the texts again. What type of texts are they? There are two
types that you do not need to use.
a. postcard. d. e-mail.
b. recipe book. e. tourism brochure.
c. newspaper. f. instant text message.

6 All the four texts have one general topic. What is it?

7 Read the texts again and answer these questions.

a. Who visited Haiti on Wednesday? Why?
b. How many Chilean troops are stationed on the island?
c. Who wrote the e-mail? What is his profession?
d. What did he find shocking?
e. What was Haiti’s first name?
f. What kind of aid did the writer of the postcard pack?

8 Copy this fact file in your notebook. Fill it in using information from all
the texts.

COUNTRY FACT FILE

Name: ______________________
Discovery date: ________________
Discovered by: __________________
Known as: ____________________
Capital: ______________________
General
commanding Peace forces: __________
Languages spoken: ______________
Current conditions: ______________

9 Match these specific topics with the corresponding text.

a. Medical and food aid.
b. Description of the island.
c. Chilean peace-keeping mission.
d. A journalist’s description of the island.

10 Now write evidence for your answers in Exercise 9 in your notebook,

quoting from the texts.
Example:
The specific topic of text 1 is __________ because the text says: “________”
LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 93
 AFTER YOU READ

Language Note
The Simple Past Tense

1. Look at these sentences taken from the texts.

a. Chile's Defence Minister arrived in Haiti on Wednesday.
b. Last week we distributed food and milk to the island’s
children.

2. Do the two sentences express present, past or future events?

We use the Past Simple to express the idea that an action

started and finished at a specific time in the past.
XXXXX

past present future

Learning
tip The Past Simple can also be used to describe a habit which
stopped in the past.
• I, you, he, she, we, they + studied
The past form of regular • I, you, he, she, we, they + spoke English.
verbs end in -ed. Irregular
verbs must be studied
individually.
11 Read the sentences and choose the correct verb tense. Copy the
sentences in your notebook.
a. When the UN aid arrive / arrived, the doctors distribute / distributed it
to the islanders.
b. Vivian studies / studied French on Mondays and English on Tuesdays.
c. Columbus discover / discovered Hispañola in 1492.
d. When he dances / danced, he is very graceful and agile.
e. Susan live / lived in Sao Paulo when she was a child.

SELF - EVALUATION
How many irregular past tenses do you know?
What can you do to learn more?

12 Match the sentences which have a similar meaning. Write them in your
notebook.

The island’s first name was Hispañola. 165 Chilean troops were sent to Haiti.
English is spoken in the capital. America was discovered by Columbus in 1492.
Columbus discovered America in 1492. It shocked me.
I found it shocking. The island was first called Hispañola.
Chile sent 165 troops to Haiti. They speak English in the capital.

94 UNIT 4
13 Anwer these questions in your group.
a. Do you think that the United Nations peace-keeping missions are
necessary? Why? Why not?
b. Do you believe that your country should take part in them? Why?
Why not? List your reasons.

14 MINITEST What did Catalina and Roger do yesterday? Copy and

complete the conversation in your notebook, filling in the gaps with
the verbs in the box. Check with the recording. 6 pts.

. played . studied . was (x 2) . watched . went

Catalina: I _____ to the films yesterday.
Roger: _____ the film good? Did you know that...
Catalina: It _____ OK. How about you? depending on their mandate,
Roger: Well, first I _____ for my science test and then I _____ a bit peacekeeping missions may
of TV. be required to perform the
Catalina: Anything good on? following tasks?
Roger: Depends if you like football. Manchester United _____ • Work to prevent the
against Inter Milan. outbreak of conflict or the
spill-over of conflict across
0 2 5 borders.
REVISE AGAIN to 1 GOOD JOB! to 4 EXCELLENT! to 6 • Stabilize conflict situations
after a cease fire, to create
15 Listen and repeat the dialogue. Then practise and roleplay it with your an environment for the
partner. parties to reach a lasting
peace agreement.
16 Copy the grids in your notebook and fill them in with words from the • Assist in implementing
texts you read. Follow the cues. comprehensive peace
agreements.
a. military personnel • Lead states or territories
through a transition to
R S stable government, based
on democratic principles,
b. abundant, luxurious, plentiful good governance and
economic development.
H Source: United Nations Department
of Peacekeeping Operations,
Mission Statement.
c. a community of people smaller than a town

d. a journey by air

e. feeling pleasurable satisfaction over an act you or someone else

carried out

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 95

 RED GOLD
LISTENING

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

1 What metal are these objects made of?

Did you know that...

a chemical symbol is an
abbreviation or short
representation of the name of
a chemical element? Natural
elements all have symbols of
one or two letters, which is
derived from the name of the
element in Latin or other
languages. Examples:
aluminium - Al; 2 Match the words in the box with their definitions:
carbon - C;
chlorine - Cl;
copper - Cu; . bond . domestic product . gross
gold - Au; . ore . resource . sulphur
hydrogen - H;
iron – Fe;
magnesium - Mg; a. A chemical non-metallic element frequently present in ores.
nitrogen - N; b. A connection, a link.
oxygen - O; c. A material source of wealth, such as timber, fresh water, or a mineral
silver - Ag; deposit, that occurs in a natural state.
sulphur – S. d. Rocks or deposits containing minerals from which metals can be
extracted.
e. The total market value of all the goods and services produced by a
country in one year.

3 What do you think this lesson will be about?

a. Copper – Chile’s most important economic resource.
b. The 1840’s California Gold Rush.
c. What objects are made of.

96 UNIT 4
WHILE YOU LISTEN

4 Listen to the presentation and check your prediction in exercise 3.

5 Listen again and choose the best alternative.

a. The person making the presentation is the Chilean
i. Minister of Mining ii. President
b. In the 19th century the majority of Chilean copper production was
sent to Learning
i. the Guyanas ii. the USA tip
c. When a country depends on one natural resource the main problem is
i. price variations of the natural resource.
ii. changes in production levels. Make sure you read the
d. The discovery of the new bacteria will make copper exploitation instructions and know
i. cheaper, cleaner and more efficient. exactly what you have to
ii. faster, cheaper and more efficient. do and pay attention to
before doing any listening
or reading task.
6 Listen again and match the numbers with the corresponding facts.

3 The lowest price of copper per pound.

3.5 dollars The number of newly discovered bacteria which can break copper bonds.
15% The percentage of copper in Chilean Gross Domestic Product in the 1990’s.
64 cents The record high price per pound of copper.
1825 The year copper started playing an important role in the Chilean economy.

7 Listen once more and answer these questions in your notebook.

a. Where is the presentation taking place?
b. What are the names of the newly discovered bacteria?
c. What can the bacteria do?
d. Why are they important for Chile?
e. What is another name for copper?

SELF - EVALUATION
What problems did I have to understand the text?
What can I do to solve them?

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 97

 AFTER YOU LISTEN
Did you know that...
8 Study the graph below and answer the questions. Compare with the
a line graph is a way to
summarise how two pieces of recording.
information are related and
how they vary depending on Copper prices between 1995 and 2005
one another? The numbers 200
along a side of the line graph
180
are called the scale.
160
140

Price in US cents
120
100
80
60
40

American v/s 20
British English 0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
summarize / Year
summarise
Country, Chile
Source: La Tercera, Emol, October 2006 and www.scidev.net
summarize
a. In which year did copper cost 81 cents per pound?
b. In which year was the price of copper at its highest level?
c. In which year was the price of copper at its lowest level?
d. Was the price of copper lower or higher in 1998 than in 1997?
e. What was the price of copper in 1997?

Quote of the day 9 Listen and repeat the conversation. Practise and role play it with your
“It has been said that figures partner.
rule the world. Maybe. But I
am sure that figures show us 10 Below you will find some statistics relating to exports for another
whether it is being ruled well
or badly.” Chilean natural resource – timber. Construct a graph similar to the one
Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749 – above. What can you see from the graph?
1832) German writer, scientist,
painter, theorist.
Year Timber exported
3
1954 0.3 million m
1964 0.5 million m3
1974 1 million m3
1984 1.9 million m3
1994 3 million m3
2004 7.9 million m3

98 UNIT 4
11 MINITEST Match the sentences on the left with their equivalent on the
right. 10 pts.

Copper made up half of the country’s Copper has been important for the
exports. Chilean economy.
I am quite honoured to be here today. Half of the country’s exports was copper.
Let’s give a warm welcome to our guest. It is an honour to be here today.
Copper has played an important role in
Let’s warmly greet our guest.
the Chilean economy. Joke Time

Our country is never more than 180 The results of statistics

The width of our country between the
kilometres between the Pacific coast and Pacific coast and the eastern border is
the eastern border. never more than 180 kilometres.

0 3 7 to
REVISE AGAIN to 2 GOOD JOB! to 6 EXCELLENT! 10

12 Use the information in the graph below to write a short paragraph Ten percent of all car thieves
about Chile’s demographic development between 1970 and 2010. You are left-handed.
can use expressions such as:

The highest number of people, the lowest number of people, more

than…, fewer than, the most, the least, there were, etc.
Example: The lowest number of people in the last 40 years was in the
year1970.

CHILE’S DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT

All Polar bears are left-
18000 handed.
16000
14000
12000
Population

10000 Line 1
8000
6000
4000
2000 If a car is stolen, there’s a 10
0 percent chance it was taken
1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

by a Polar bear.
Year
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Boletín
Demográfico No. 62. América Latina: Proyecciones de Población 1970 - 2050

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 99

 JUST FOR FUN
Graffiti - Art Crime or Art on the Wall?
Why is Diego Rivera considered a famous muralist while graffiti painters are
considered art criminals? I think that the main difference is that Rivera was actually
asked to do his murals while graffiti painters prefer the “surprise” factor – to paint
wherever they want and whatever they want. Some graffiti artists even paint subway
trains in motion risking their lives for what they consider their art.
And although sometimes graffiti are just ugly scribbles painted in spray paint on a
peeling wall or on a bus, very often they are real works of art and, if they were
painted on a traditional canvas, they could find a place in a museum.

1 Look at these two examples of graffiti from around the world.

Santiago, Chile Los Angeles, USA

http://www.graffiti.org/santiago/zeckis12.jpg Source: http://www.graffiti.org/tj/vyaltj.jpg

2 Ask and answer these questions in your group

a. What are the similarities and differences
between the artwork of famous muralists
and graffiti painters?
b. Do you think that graffiti is a form of art on
the wall or an art crime? Explain.

The world-famous mural “El Maiz” (1940) by

Mexican painter, Diego Rivera.
Source: http://xahlee.org/Periodic_dosage_dir/lacru/
Diego_Rivera.html

100 UNIT 4
 PROJECT
1 Get into groups of six or eight students and 4 If possible, learn a typical dance of the country.
choose a Latin American country.
5 Give a presentation of the country which can
2 Make an attractive factfile on the country. include statistical information, visual support,
music and dance.
3 Collect pictures, postcards, posters and typical
music of the country.

SYNTHESIS
In this unit we have learnt
Vocabulary related to different art styles, What different objects are made of.
football, the economy, and Latin American • copper • gold • iron • metal • silver
countries.
How to make and interpret line graphs.
• brush • cubism • cup • easel
• exports • foreign income • game
How to use the Past Simple to say that an
• GDP • paint • sculpture • stadium
action started and finished at a specific time
• yellow card
in the past and to describe a habit which
stopped in the past.
How to make new words that indicate what
He bought the computer last week.
people do adding suffixes.
When we lived in London we spoke English
er, -or
painter – a person who paints How to fill in personal and country fact files.
operator – a person who operates machines
-ist, -yst - typist – a person who types
analyst – a person who analyses our
thoughts
LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 101
 EXTRA ACTIVITIES

1 Double Quiz: Present Simple / Trivia

This quiz determines your mastery of both Present Simple verb forms and trivia (that is, your general
knowledge). Choose the correct verb form.
a. The Tropic of Cancer lie / lies in the northern hemisphere of the globe.
b. In South America, two countries share / shares a border with Uruguay.
c. One of the most beautiful Inca ruins are / is Machu Picchu.
d. In the famous song from the musical Evita, what word follows / follow 'Don't cry for me,
________________'.
e. Which country has / have no army? __________________
f. Approximately 37% of the people still speaks / speak Quechua in Bolivia.

2 Fill in the blanks in the following text about indigenous languages using the words in the box.

. American . Guaraní . languages . Mapudungun . national . southern

Indigenous __________ of South America include, among several others, Quechua in Bolivia, Peru, and
Ecuador; ___________ in Paraguay and, to a much lesser extent, in Boliva; Aymara in Bolivia, Peru and
less often in Chile, while ___________ is spoken in certain pockets of __________ Chile and more
rarely, Argentina. At least three South __________ indigenous languages - Quechua in Peru and Bolivia,
Aymara also in Bolivia, and Guarani in Paraguay - are recognised along with Spanish as ________
languages.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_South_America

3 Answer the following questions in your group.

a. Can you name other indigenous languages?
b. Do you think Mapudungun should be taught in Chile? Why? Why not?

4 Match the words (a.-f.) and their definitions (1. - 6.))

a. Gaucho i. Area with no access to the sea.
b. Inca ii. Country in South America with large oil deposits.
c. Landlocked iii.Cowboy in Argentina.
d. Mestizo iv. Indian civilisation of Peru.
e. Venezuela v. Somebody of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
Source: www.quia.com

102 UNIT 4
 CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES
1 Work in pairs and fill in the blanks. Look up the words you don't know
in the dictionary.
attitude ball believe fun goal keeper pass yell
a. Have a good, friendly ______________.
b. Try to ____________ a lot; do not monopolise the ball.
c. Don't kick the ___________ too hard, unless shooting.
d. _____________ in yourself and others; confidence is a strong
weapon.
e. Don't ____________ at the referee; he could send you off!
f. Remember the only player allowed to use their hands on the field is
the ________.
g. Just have ____________ and keep fit.

2 Find the following Caribbean Islands in this Word Search puzzle. Also
try to locate them on a map.
Antigua Barbados Cayman Haiti Jamaica
Puerto Rico Santo Domingo Tobago Trinidad

S R S O M Z L E S J B E X I O
S A C I A M A J D H C R P K H
S A N T O D O M I N G O C W A
P G Y J G I X S I Y M C W P I
D I K M U N A M Y A C I B D T
T O P I T A C A F E R R Z Q I
B R M N N U N U I E P O R O V
G L I I A G H G P Q O T H B B
C U O N N E S I I W A R C W H
T L R Z I I B T O D V E M I O
A O Z W W D C N O L B U U N G
P F R J I E A A I N O P A R A
D I M C A R F D N R K V B X B
B O F B A R B A D O S N D L O Source:
http://www.abcteach.com/wordpuzzles/Word
X E S O R R B L Y H P C U H T Searches/caribbean

3 Copper Mines in Chile.

a. Work in groups of three or four students.
b. Find information about copper mines in Chile: the oldest, the newest,
the biggest, and the most important in terms of production.
c. Draw a big map of Chile and indicate the location of at least 6 of the mines.
d. Present your findings in class.

LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 103

 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING CAMILO MORI

Camilo Mori was born in Valparaíso in 1896. He was a well-known painter and the founder of the
Grupo Montparnasse. Mori entered the Escuela de Bellas Artes (School of Fine Arts) at the
University of Chile in 1914. In 1920, he joined the great gathering of artists in the Montparnasse
Quarter in Paris, France. There, his encounter with Paul Cézanne greatly influenced his ideas of
painting.
After returning to Chile in 1928 and helping to organise the Grupo Montparnasse, Camilo Mori
directed the group of young painters known as the “Generation of ‘28”, sending twenty-six of the
most outstanding young Chilean artists to study in Paris for five years.
In 1939, Camilo Mori made a mural for the Chilean pavilion at the 1939 New York World Fair. For
his contribution to Chilean art, he received the National Prize of Art in 1950.
Source: Wikipedia http://wikipedia.org/wiki/

1 Read the text and match the numbers with the corresponding information. 5 pts.

5 a. The number included in the name given to the generation of young painters in Chile.
26 b. The number of years young Chilean artists went to study art in Paris.
28 c. The number of young artists who went to Paris to study art.
1914 d. The year Mori was given the National Prize of Art.
e. The year Mori entered University to study art.
1950

LANGUAGE
2 Read the sentences and put the words in 4 Use the information provided in the text to
brackets in the correct form. 5 pts. construct a line graph for the world’s
demographic development. 2 pts.
a. A (bake) is a professional who makes bread
and cakes.
b. Auguste Rodin is a famous French (sculpt). We all know that every year the world’s
c. Claire is an incredibly fast (type). population is increasing dramatically.
d. Several (geology) are investigating the origin According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there
of that unusual rock. were 3 billion of us in 1959, a number that
e. Her (analyse) told her to accept her feelings. increased to 6 billion in the year 1999. The way
world’s population is growing is quite
3 Read the sentences and choose the correct verb alarming, and the numbers show that in only
tense. 4 pts.
40 years it doubled. In 1975 there were 4
billion people and in 1989 the number grew to
a. She arrived / arrives by train at noon 5 billion. The Census Bureau projections show
yesterday. that by the year 2025 the world population
b. The Chilean troops help / helped Haitian will reach 8 billion people and only 12 years
people to construct a football field.
later the number will increase to 9 billion.
c. The Minister of Mining present / presented a
brief report on Chilean copper exports.
d. The British hockey team play / played against
their Canadian counterparts.

104 UNIT 4
5 Use the words in the box to fill in the gaps in a. I don’t think you should go to Haiti. There is
serious civil _____there.
the sentences. 3 pts.
b. Some people think that Chile should not
. score . troops . unrest send _____ on UN-assisted peace missions.
c. Who won? What’s the _____?

LISTENING THREE DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

6 Listen to the three recordings and choose the c. The second recording is about
i. a football match.
best alternative. 5 pts.
ii. horse racing.
a. The first conversation takes place in d. The third conversation takes place
i. a clothes shop. i. at a doctor’s office.
ii. a museum. ii. at a tourism agency.
b. The girls are talking about e. The man wants to go to the island
i. a new dress they want to buy. i. as a doctor’s assistant.
ii. a painting. ii. on holiday.
0 10 15 20 24
KEEP TRYING to 9 REVIEW to 14 WELL DONE! to 19 EXCELLENT! to 24 TOTAL PTS

SELF - EVALUATION
In this unit I have...
YES NO YES NO
Reading Speaking
- grasped the main idea of the texts. - practised effective group and pair skills.
- answered most questions correctly. - expressed my point of view appropriately.
- interacted with other students to - summarised main points.
do the reading exercises correctly. - made myself understood even if
- determined the origin of texts. I have made some mistakes.
- found equivalent words or phrases - discussed general ideas and topics
to match meanings. related to the texts.
- distinguished general and specific - talked about art
topics.
Listening Writing
- focused both on details and the - been aware of the purpose of my writing.
general idea of the text. - organised my ideas appropriately.
- followed directions effectively. - actively revised my own writing.
- taken notes to help me understand - filled in fact files.
the text. - used numerical information to
- listened out for specific information. write texts.
LATIN AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD 105