Toolbox Talk Manual

Prepared and Issued by:

Robert Burns, Group Head HSE

Reviewed and Authorised by:

Adnan Naji, Chief Operating Officer Saif Bin Darwish Revision History: Revision 01 02 Date Nov 2010 Oct 2011 Description Changed RA to HIRA References to SMSP & HIRA

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SITE TOOL BOX TALKS MANUAL

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TOOLBOX TALK MANUAL Contents

1. Trainers Brief: Tips on how to run your toolbox training programme effectively and efficiently. 2. Index of subjects. 3. Training Techniques

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Section 1. Trainers Brief

1. Make time plan the session in advance. 2. Ensure that telephone calls or radio pagers will not interrupt you. 3. Make sure that you have a sufficient supply of cards, leaflets and handouts. 4. Read through the briefing notes becoming fully conversant with the subject before holding the session. 5. Conduct the training session in a suitable location. 6. Speak clearly ensuring all persons being trained can hear you clearly. 7. Carry out training session in the correct language of the attendees. 8. Answer any reasonable questions you can. Write down any questions that you are not able to reply to at the time and remember to get back to the questioner once you have researched the answer. 9. Try to be enthusiastic and genuine about your subject. 10. Record your record of training given using the Tool Box Talks Attendance Form SMSP06/F01 in the Safety Management System. 11. Ensure that you update your employees on site activities at the same time.

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Section 2.

Index of subjects
Issue/Revision
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 General advice to employees Good housekeeping Noise Manual handling Electrical Safety Tower Scaffolds General Access Scaffolding Ladder Safety Excavations Confined Spaces Fire Precautions Work on existing roads Motorways Leptospirosis (Weils Disease) Water jetting Underground Services Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Avoiding Dermatitis Works adjacent to railway lines Contaminated land Protection of the public Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Compressed gas cylinders Fragile roofs Highly flammable liquids/LPG Safe transport of gas cylinders Gas welding and cutting A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

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Index Of Subjects
Issue/Revision
2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 Plant movement on site Mobile cranes Fork lift trucks Banksmen / Slingers Overhead cranes Hand tools Portable Electric Tools Abrasive wheels Chains, shackles, slings Compressed air tools Cartridge operated tools Work on or near water Asbestos Dust Solvents Oxygen Accident/Incident Reporting TBA Pressure systems Industrial fall arrest harnesses Permits to Work Machinery Safety Battery maintenance Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment Gas monitors Office Safety A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

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Index Of Subjects
Issue/Revision

2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.69

Working with Display Screens Environmental Matters MEWPS Alcohol and Drugs Working at Height Waste Management Temporary Roadworks Trainees and Young Persons Vibration White Finger Hand Held Circular Saws Hearing Protection Legionella (Legionnaires Disease) Classes of Fire and Use of Fire Extinguishers Types of Fire Extinguishers Electric Welding Duty of Care Welfare In preparation In preparation In preparation In preparation In preparation In preparation

A A A A

A A A A A A

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2.1 General Advice to Employees

Health and Safety Law What you should know Your Employer has a duty under the law to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, your Health, Safety and Welfare at work. In general, your employers duties include: Making your workplace safe and without risks to health. Keeping dust, fume and noise under control. Ensuring plant and machinery are safe and that safe systems are set and followed. Ensuring that articles and substances are moved, stored and used safely. Providing adequate welfare facilities. Giving you the information, instruction, training and supervision necessary for your Health and Safety. As an Employee you have legal duties which include: Taking reasonable care for your own Health and Safety and that of others who may be affected by what you do or do not do. Co-operating with your employer on Health and Safety. Not interfering with or misusing anything provided for your Health, Safety and Welfare i.e. Personal Protective Equipment. Reporting to your supervisor any dangerous situation.

READ HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION DISPLAYED ON SITE NOTICE BOARD

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 2, 5, 6.

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2.2 Good Housekeeping

The following points are presented to assist supervisors when giving Safety Awareness Talks. The particular points made here are in the interests of good housekeeping throughout work areas, in or out of work hours. Whether at home, visiting friends or at places of amusements, we expect our surroundings to be comfortable, neat and tidy. When at work, the same applies. We should regard good housekeeping at work with the same importance as at home. Do not always rely on others to clear things up, it is just as easy to put tools away tidily as it is to leave them laying around benches, on the floor, on scaffolding, resting on pipes or other positions where they can create a tripping hazard, fall onto a person or be damaged in a fall. A place for everything and everything in its place. If dismantling anything, stack parts away neatly and tidily. Do not leave materials in gangways, they could cut off someones escape route or cause a tripping hazard. If dismantling anything constructed of wood, make sure all nails are removed. If this is not possible hammer nails flat, making sure that no parts are left protruding that could cause injury to fellow employees. Damaged lengths or parts of wood should be guarded as these also present hazards. All rubbish should be placed in tidy bins or skips to be removed. In this way, should a fire occur, it can be confined to a small area and dealt with quickly and efficiently, thus preventing the fire spreading, especially in high winds. If tools get damaged, get them repaired or replaced. Do not leave them lying around to cause hazards. When finishing work put personal overalls and other gear in lockers provided, do not just leave things lying about hoping they will be there when you return. If you notice rubbish piling up which you can not remove, bring this to the attention of your supervisor who will make arrangements to have it removed. Should you be working at height and notice loose objects on boards or walkways, put them somewhere where they can not be dislodged. They could fall and injure someone.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 32

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2.3 Noise
Being exposed to noise in excess of 85dB (A) can damage the sense of hearing in some people. 85dB (A) is roughly the level of noise where you have to shout in order to be heard when a person is only one metre away from you. A jet engine taking off at a distance of 25 metres from you is likely to produce a noise level in excess of 140dB (A). Noise assessment of areas needs to be carried out to ensure that where hearing protection is needed then it is identified. Where practical, action to silence noisy equipment should have also been undertaken. Areas where silencing is not possible will have been designated Hearing Protection Areas and suitably signed at practical locations. Nobody in their right mind would set upon a path of deliberately trying to damage their hearing. However, being regularly exposed to heavy noise levels without taking safety precautions could result in occupational deafness. Occupational deafness develops slowly at first an individual may have difficulty hearing conversation to start with, then Tinnitus (a constant ringing in the ears) develops. The last stages, perhaps before total deafness, would need the sufferer to wear a hearing aid. As we use our sense of hearing for pleasure to enjoy music, watch films or television and to communicate effectively as well as to pick up danger signals (such as fat moving cars, sirens, etc.) it is well worth looking after your hearing.

You can protect your hearing by ensuring you adhere to the following points:
Wearing ear defenders where noise levels of 85dB (A) is exceeded. These areas should normally be signed. If you have trouble being understood or understanding a conversation at a distance of one metre then it is likely that the noise level is above 85dB (A). Ear defenders should not be worn if they are cracked or damaged in any way. Check your ear defenders for damage prior to use from the manufacturers guide which should be followed for any maintenance required. Ensure that headband of the ear defenders are not slack and that the ear muffs fit properly. Report damaged and noisy plant equipment for repair.

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Be aware of the risk attached to working in a noisy environment. Excessive noise can cause stress, lead to accidents and also damage hearing.

Immediately consult your doctor if you suffer any problem with your hearing and inform your supervisor.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 12 & 34

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2.4 Manual Handling

We lift, manoeuvre and handle goods every day of our lives in one way or another, not just whilst at work but also during social activities such as gardening, DIY, shopping and sport. A bad back or injury today, could, and regularly does, turn into a painful back problem for life! Lifting incorrectly could also lead to a hernia, sprains, strains and even fractures. Therefore, before lifting items take a few seconds to think it could save a lot of pain! Lifting safely Can a trolley or mechanical lifting aid be used to lift the item instead of handling the item manually? Be kitted-up for the job and, if practicable, obtain firm - grip gloves. The gloves will also offer protection against cuts, punctures and friction burns. Wear safety shoes to ensure a good floor surface grip to prevent slipping whilst manoeuvring. The shoes will also provide protection from falling objects. Before lifting assess the weight of the item to be carried. Is the load weight of the object evenly distributed throughout the load? Obtain assistance to lift unbalanced, awkward or heavy items. Check your line of travel. Is the route you intend to take free from obstacles and tripping hazards?

LIFT USING THE 5 STAGES METHOD 1. Stand close to the load spread your feet. 2. Bend your knees keep your back straight. 3. Grasp the load firmly. 4. Lift smoothly and evenly with your legs taking the strain. It is important not to twist your trunk or to jerk or shove your body. 5. Hold the load close to your body.

Remember

Lift the load from floor to knee, then knee to carrying position and always keep back straight. DO NOT ALLOW THE LOAD TO OBSTUCT YOUR VIEW!

your

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 09 & 36 HIRA 85

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2.5 Electrical Safety

The hazard of electricity is well known. It is, however, not generally appreciated that a low voltage shock of only 240 volts can, under certain circumstances, be enough to kill. Many people have received an electric shock by unwittingly becoming part of an electrical circuit. However, the severity of injury that could occur depends on exactly where in the body the electrical current flows and for how long. How does an electric current affect the body? Breathing could stop the nervous system becomes temporarily paralysed. Heart beating is interrupted blood stops being circulated through the body. Damage to nerves and muscles internal bleeding and burns.

Injuries would also occur due to a number of related factors: BURNS due to arcing/electrical fires. FALLS due to a loss of balance after touching electrical equipment. CUTS OR MECHANICAL INJURY due to machinery starting unexpectedly.

Relevant legislation imposes many restrictions on employers in order to protect staff from the dangers of electricity. As a reminder, there are a few golden rules that need to be followed in order to safeguard both yourself and others: Never assume a circuit is dead. Always test before carrying out work. Working on live equipment is forbidden. Safety equipment/PPE should be used and/or worn. Physically lock off equipment that can be inadvertently reconnected. Check cables and equipment. Ensure earthing/earth loading is adequate. Report/action faults and problems.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 22, 25 and 28 SMSP 26

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2.6 Tower Scaffolds

Many of the accidents involving tower scaffolds occur when a ladder is put on top of the platform to extend the height of the tower. The tower becomes unstable and if a person climbs the ladder his weight may push the tower outwards and make it overturn. There are a number of different types of tower available which may be either prefabricated or specially built from regular scaffold. Whatever type you are using follow these basic rules and stay safe: To erect any tower scaffold a person must be competent. For specially built towers that means using qualified scaffolders. For prefabricated tower scaffolds that means following the manufacturers instructions. More complicated prefabricated towers may require some training by the manufacturer before you are competent to erect them. If in doubt check with your HSE Manager/Engineer/Officer. Aluminium alloy towers are very light. Make sure that they remain stable and cannot overturn during use or be blown over when left unattended. Lightweight towers should only be used for access and light work such as cleaning, painting, etc. Heavier work requires a more substantial industrial type of tower or a purpose built scaffold tower. The manufacturers instructions should tell you either the maximum height to which the tower should be erected or, for free-standing towers, the maximum height to least-base ratio. These limitations must be followed. The normal recommended ratio for towers used outside is 3:1. If this information is not available you should play safe and assume a lower ratio of 2:1. Make sure the tower is upright by adjusting legs if necessary and that all locking devices are correctly secured before use. Tie the tower to the structure if possible to increase stability. Always use the outriggers and ensure that they are correctly and securely attached. Outriggers can be used to increase the effective base size so that the tower can be constructed higher. Always follow the manufacturers instructions. The working platform must have a safe means of access on the narrowest side of the tower. Do not climb the frame unless it has built-in ladder sections with rungs no more than 300mm apart and the styles no more than 480mm apart. If the frame can be used, climb it from the inside. If not, use internal ladders or stairways fixed firmly to the tower. Never climb up the outside you may make the tower overturn. The platforms must have guard rails and toe boards fitted if they are higher than 2m. The tower must rest on a firm base. Do not erect the tower directly on recently made-up ground, timber spanning excavations, etc. When using a mobile tower, make sure the castors are locked.

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Never move a mobile tower with people or materials on it. Make sure there are no power lines, obstructions or holes in the ground on your intended route.

Specially built scaffold towers must be inspected every week and after extremes of weather and adaptations. The details must be entered in the scaffold Register.

Do not attempt to work at heights if you are feeling unwell and susceptible to giddiness.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 03 and 83 SMSP24

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2.7 General Access Scaffolding

General access scaffolds are a common sight on many sites and it is possible you will have to use one at some stage. Like everything else, if constructed and used correctly, they are perfectly safe.

By following a few basic guidelines we can all be safe on scaffolding: The stability of the scaffold will be affected by how it is used. Therefore it is important that the right design of scaffold is erected for your intended work. Scaffold erection is a skilled task and should only be carried out by qualified and competent persons. Safety should be part of the erection and dismantling process such as not allowing these operations to be carried out when the area is open to the public. After erection, scaffolds must be inspected by a Competent Person every week and the details entered in the scaffold Register. In addition they must be inspected after bad or excessively dry weather or particularly high winds which may have affected their strength and stability or after any adoption. Toe boards must be at least 150mm high with the top handrail Toe boards and end toe boards or other barriers up to a sufficient height to prevent materials and tools falling off the platform, should be fixed to all working platforms where a person or material may fall more than 2m. Materials must not be stored on scaffolds overnight. Look out for contractors storing materials on elevated levels (or working in any other unsafe manner), and report it to your supervisor. Guard rails and end guard rails must be fitted inside the standards (upright poles) on scaffolds from which a person can fall more than 2m. Adequate stability is normally achieved by tying the scaffold to the structure that they are serving. The main types of ties are drilled- in anchor or cast-in anchor, through-tie, box-tie and reveal-tie. It is not important to know what sort of tie is used but that the scaffold is properly tied. At least one tie is required for every 32m of scaffolding and more if the scaffolding is sheeted (due to wind forces). The ladders to scaffolds must be secured overnight to prevent unauthorised persons climbing onto scaffold. Access ladders must be fixed at the top and must extend at least 1.07m above the landing place. Modification or dismantling of the scaffold must only be carried out by a Competent Person. Never mix scaffold components of steel and alloy. Do not attempt to work at height if you are feeling unwell or susceptible to giddiness.
2

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For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 02

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2.8 Ladder Safety

Ladders and steps are frequently used on most sites often without a second thought. All ladders used at work must be suitable for their intended purpose. Ladders generally are one of two types, fixed or portable, and may be constructed in a variety of materials principally wood or metal.

Never use an unsound ladder. They should be checked regularly for any signs of defects. Follow this 5 point checklist: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Wooden ladders: look for splits, cracks or warps. Metal ladders: check for mechanical damage. Wedges and tie rods should be tight, metal reinforcement to stiles in place. Feet should not be damaged the inserts in metal ladders must be in good condition. All other fittings should be secure and in good order.

Ladders are only to be used for access/egress, not as a working platform. Foot wear worn by persons using a ladder must be suitable for maintaining a satisfactory grip. Use clear varnish to protect wooden ladders, do not use paint. When using portable ladders make sure they are set up on firm, level ground and there should be no makeshift use of bricks, blocks or timber to gain extra height.

The correct slope for a ladder is 1 in 4 i.e. 300mm out for every 1200mm up. Always stake or bury the foot of the ladder and tie it at the top. Portable ladders must be long enough, they should project at least 1200 mm above the landing platform.

Always face the ladder and use both hands for climbing and descending. Only one person to use the ladder at a time. Do not lean either outwards or sideways from the ladder move it. Do not carry loads on ladders use a hoist rope. When using steps make sure they are fully extended before you go up. Fixed ladders must also be checked regularly. If you are working above 2 metres you must use fall protection; usually on a ladder this would be a harness and line.

Ladders should not be placed on or leant against fragile surfaces or fittings. Do not attempt to work at height if you are feeling unwell or susceptible to giddiness.

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REPORT ALL DAMAGE IMMEDIATELY

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 04

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2.9 Excavations
Digging an excavation on a site may be a workers first and last job. If the sides collapse, there may be no escape. There is almost no ground which will not collapse under certain conditions. If there is any doubt whatsoever about the safety of the sides, they should be timbered or battered. Timbering materials should always be provided on site. NB. The law requires the sides of any excavation that may be liable to collapse (Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment) must be supported or battered back to a safe angle which depends on type of ground whenever there is a risk of collapse or falling materials. Most deaths occur in trenches less than 2.5 metres deep. Most accidents occur in ground conditions with no visible defects; the trench sides seem clean and self-supporting. Rain water and dry weather increase the chance of failure. Before work commences: Ensure a permit to excavate is provided by competent person. Determine methods of excavating, installing and removing support work. Provide an adequate supply of material for support work, barriers (and correct traffic notices where appropriate). If road works signs are needed they need to be erected by street works supervisor. Determine positions of all public services and ensure that they are adequately marked, and/or disconnected using such information as provided by drawings, cable locating equipment, ground boxes etc. For the purposes of excavations, no ground should be considered good or safe until it has been investigated by a competent person. Check whether excavation will affect adjoining roads or buildings. Always seek advice before excavating below existing foundations. It may be necessary to provide shoring, i.e. raking or flying shores or both. Prevent access especially of children. Provide adequate and sufficient ladders and ropes for securing access and egress.

Checks during Operations: Ensure sound material is being used for support work. Ensure that approved and safe methods are adopted for the installation of support work in excavations. A competent person should be in attendance at all times. Ensure that all working surfaces are safe. Install timbering as soon as excavation sides are trimmed. This should be done from ground level or from inside existing timbering. Do not enter an unsupported excavation. Ensure that all support work is secure and that props and wedges are tight and properly maintained.

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Check for signs of over-stress in support work, damage from plant and, when timber is used, make long term check for disease/defects i.e. dry rot, shakes etc.

Check for water or soil seeping through support work. Check for signs of earth peeling/cracking at unsupported faces. Check that there are adequate ladders, that they are maintained, secured and used correctly. When pumping, ensure that there are adequate pumps and that soil is not being drawn from behind support work.

Monitor for unhealthy atmospheres which may include gas monitoring/lack of oxygen. Ensure that spoil heaps and materials etc. are kept back 1 metre from the edges of the excavation. Ensure that there are adequate barriers/notices/warning lights. The edges of excavations should be provided with guard rails, hand rails and toe boards. Bridges and gangways should be provided with hand-rails and toe boards.

Ensure that stops for dumpers, tipping lorries etc are well anchored. Ensure that all passing traffic is kept back from edge of excavation. Ensure correct method of withdrawing support work is issued; if unsafe to strike leave in. Ensure that machine operators have the best possible vision of work in progress. Ensure that services are marked and protected and adequately supported when exposed in excavations.

Carry out inspections daily, prior to each shift, after use of explosives or after inclement weather, particularly frost and rain.

Ensure that a record of all examinations is properly recorded in the F91 or appropriate form, and signed by a competent person.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 35 and 41 SMSP25

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2.10 Confined Spaces

The definition of a confined space is:

OR A place where there is a reasonably foreseeable risk of serious injury from hazardous substances or conditions within the space or nearby. This definition covers closed tanks, vessels, sewers, open topped tanks, vats, paint spraying rooms, ducts, boreholes, building voids, underground (basement) tank rooms or boiler rooms etc. Wherever possible, work must be carried out from outside of the confined space. A Permit to Work will always be necessary. Points that must be considered and addressed: Oxygen content: can it be displaced by gas leaking in from elsewhere of from purge gas. Oxidisation, rusting or bacterial growth (uses up oxygen in air). Oxygen being consumed by people, process of combustion Welding Toxic gas is it likely to be present i.e. hydrogen sulphide (from sewage or decaying vegetation), carbon monoxide (from engines, incomplete combustion, LPG), carbon dioxide (from fermentation or naturally in rocks, soils). Other fumes or vapours such as ammonia, chlorine, sodium and from petrol and solvents. A place which is substantially, though not always entirely enclosed

The above gasses, fumes and vapours must be eliminated or measures taken to control the risk. The use of any form of internal combustion engine within the confined space is to be prohibited. Flammable atmospheres may be created by very small quantities of gasses such as: Petrol or LPG (explosive in range of 2% in air) created by spillage or leakage. Methane and hydrogen sulphide (from sewage or decaying matter (explosive in range of 4% in air) Solvents, acetone, toluene, white spirit, benzene, thinners (explosive range 2% in air upwards). Monitoring of these gasses should be constant. No person is allowed to work within a confined space unless undertaken an Approved Course.

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A safe system of work using a Permit to Work and Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment must be completed by Competent Person. This must be briefed to all parties concerned.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 33 SMSP30

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2.11 Fire
Ensure that you know what to do in case of fire by reading your fire drill procedure. Make certain you know your escape route. Read your emergency fire drill procedure. Keep fire doors and shutters clear and unobstructed. Dont obstruct access to fire extinguishers, learn how they operate read the labels or ask. Dont hang clothing over or near heating equipment. Dont let paper, oily rags or other rubbish accumulate. Do not smoke in forbidden areas. Where you are allowed to smoke always stub out cigarette ends. Use proper containers for flammable liquids, not open tins or buckets. Handle flammable liquids at a safe distance from possible sources of ignition. Check the area before and after using blow-lamps, welding and cutting equipment to prevent fires. Smouldering materials can burst into flame hours later if left. Asphalt pots, crucibles, smouldering irons and gas rings must be on non-combustible stands. Switch off from the mains any electrical equipment when not in use. Never try to extinguish an electrical fire by using water. Do not place yourself at risk if you try to tackle a fire. Make sure you always have an escape route. Know who the appointed Fire Wardens are.

PLAN IN ADVANCE YOU WONT HAVE THE TIME WHEN FIRE BREAKS OUT.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 46 SMSP13

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2.12 Work on Existing Roads

It is your duty to take care of your health and safety and the health and safety of all other persons who may be affected by your acts or omissions. You must be ALERT at all times and keep a sharp look out, not only for vehicles and plant movements, but also for vehicles which have entered the site in error.

All operatives will wear high visibility clothing at all times. All vehicles will display appropriate Highways Contractors or Highways Maintenance notice at rear of vehicle.

All vehicles must be fitted with Amber flashing beacons on roof or top of vehicle and these will be switched on whilst entering/leaving the works area.

You must obey the instructions of your supervisor. You must not take part in, or encourage horse-play of any kind. You must not enter the part of the Highway open to traffic. It is an offence to do so and you could be prosecuted. You may only enter or exit the site at the designated points.

You must not move cones or signs unless it is absolutely essential and you are authorised to do so always replace them in original position afterwards. Make sure safety zones are maintained.

Children and pets are not allowed on the site under any circumstances. If you see an accident on the Highway, use the nearest Emergency Telephone on the site to contact the police.

You must never attempt to assist at any accident on the Motorway, unless the police ask for your help. The police will organise the rescue and emergency service. Unless you follow police instructions, you could become a casualty yourself.

When buffer lanes are in use they must be kept clear at all times. Entry is not permitted for vehicles or personnel. In the event of an accident the buffer lane is used as access for emergency vehicles.

When driving on site keep a sharp look out for any other operations, e.g. excavating, piling, and concreting. Slow down when approaching people working, make sure that they are aware of your presence.

You must only enter and leave site at the authorised points, you must not enter or leave the site by any other route. Observe site speed limits.

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Take particular care when entering and leaving site where traffic leaves or merges with Highway traffic.

Most important Van and Wagon Drivers do not reverse without the assistance of a banksman.

Good housekeeping is essential on site. All rubbish and surplus materials should be removed as soon as possible. CURRENT CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCE MUST BE HELD BY PLANT OPERATIVES AT ALL TIMES.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 67

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2.13 Leptospirosis (Weils Disease)

Instructions to men working in contact with sewage Whenever you go to your doctor or a hospital on account of illness show your Weils Disease card and explain your occupation to those attending you. What is Leptospirosis? Weils Disease This is a serious and sometimes fatal infection that is transmitted to humans by contact with urine from infected rats. The Hardjo form of leptospirosis This is transmitted from cattle to humans. What are the symptoms? Both diseases start with a flu-like illness with a persistent and severe headache. Who is at risk? Anyone is at risk who is exposed to rat or cattle urine or to fatal fluids from cattle. Workers who have contracted leptospirosis in recent years include: Vets, meat inspectors, butchers, abattoir and sewer workers and workers in contact with canal and river water. How might I catch it? The bacteria can get into your body through cuts and scratches and through the lining of the mouth, throat and eyes after contact with infected urine or contaminated water, such as in sewers, ditches, ponds and slow-flowing rivers. How can I prevent it? Get rid of rats. Dont touch them with unprotected hands. Cover all cuts and broken skin with waterproof plasters before and during work. Wear protective clothing. Wash your hands before and after visiting the toilet or touching any contaminated clothing or other materials, and always before eating, drinking or smoking.

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What else should I do? Report any illness to your doctor. Tell the doctor about your work, show this card. Leptospirosis is much less severe if it is treated promptly. If your doctor decides you have Leptospirosis tell your employer, who should then report it to the Enforcing Authorities. Every injury or accident at work, however trivial must be reported. Ensure that details are entered in the Accident Book and an Accident Report Form completed.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 32, 51 and 52

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2.14 Water Jetting

DO NOT . . . .

DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO:

commence work on site without necessary permission. commence any jetting operation until warning signs are on show and area roped off. operate without adequate personal protection for eyes, head, ears, hands, feet and body. run any equipment with any leakage whatsoever without rectifying. attempt to tighten any pressure joint whilst equipment is under pressure. by-pass safety cut-outs. Do check reasons for malfunction. (Low water, blocked filters, low oil level etc) operate with guns and control valves not functioning correctly. (Failing to shut off, or leaking) operate guns or control valves with the operating lever tied back, wedged or locked in the on position. operate with badly worn or undersized nozzles. continue to operate if any unauthorised personnel enter the operating area. operate equipment at power levels which can produce a reaction force greater than the operator can comfortably absorb. leave unit running unattended. leave equipment unattended on site. store unserviceable equipment. (Notify supervisor) leave the site in a dangerous or untidy condition. leave site without notifying all parties. (Engineers, site agents, occupiers etc.) use any other fitting other than the manufacturers recommendations.

Contact Safety Section before commencement. Contact Site Engineer, obtain necessary permits and note special precautions. Erect barriers, rope off the clear area. Erect warning signs. Ensure adequate water supply.
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Check fluid levels on engine, gearbox and pump. (Lubrication oil, fuel and water) Lay out equipment and visually inspect for damage. (Hoses, connections etc) Assemble equipment checking all joints. Ensure filters are clean. Fully prime equipment and bleed where necessary. Fire gun or lances and/or control valves. Visually check that correct size and type of nozzle is fitted for the application. Increase pressure slowly until operating conditions are reached. Re-check hose couplings and joints for leaks. Rectify all leaks, ensuring that the unit is shut down and line pressure released before making adjustments. Ensure all operators are wearing suitable protective clothing and are correctly positioned. Regularly rotate team members positions to minimise fatigue. Regularly check operating conditions. (Oil and water pressure, condition of filters, pipe work and hoses). Ensure that all pressure in lines is released on any shutdown. On completion strip down equipment and store in a clean condition. Ensure your Certificate of Competency is available for inspection. Ensure you work as a team Always.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 72

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2.15 Underground Services

Different types of underground or above ground services present different levels of risk but all should be treated with caution. The following advice to be included with all the services listed below. Obtain a permit to dig, carry out operation in accordance with method statement. Presume all services are live until proven dead. Do not use mechanical means of excavation within 2 metres of any 11kv electrical cable or 1 metre of any other service safe digging methods must be used. If undertaking excavation work in the highway an accredited street works supervisor must supervise the work. Although there are recommended minimum depths for all services, they will be closer to the surface than normal especially in the vicinity of works, structures or other services.

Electricity
Overhead Power Lines Treat all overhead lines as live. Take advice of Electricity Board on clearance. Barriers or goalposts are for your safety, do not circumvent them. If an electricity cable is broken avoid contact. If in cab do not attempt to leave, keep everyone clear and call electricity company. Underground Cables Use cable locating device i.e. cat and genny. Hand dig trial pits for exact location. Mark all known cables.

Gas Mains Remember gas has a flammable and explosive content. Treat with extreme caution at slightest hint of gas escape, leave area and no smoking or naked lights call Transco emergency services and prevent any members of the public and vehicles approaching. Mark all known pipes.

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Protect pipes when moving heavy plant over them.

Water Mains Water mains do not carry the same danger as electricity and gas but cause great inconvenience if fractured. Trace line if main by trial pits. If damaged call Water Board. Mark all known pipes. Protect pipes when moving heavy plant over them.

Sewers Trace sewers through line of manhole covers. There is a danger to health if a foul sewer is fractured leave excavation and report to Sewer Authority. National Colour Coding System for Buried Services Black Red Blue Yellow Grey/White Green Electricity High Voltage Electricity Water Gas Telecommunications Cable Television

It must be remembered that some pipes and services were laid over 100 years ago and there is a wide range of materials and colours used. The principle ones, excluding cement, asbestos, plastic, metallic are:

Gas Water Electricity Telecom

Cast Iron, yellow PVC, yellow steel, steel Cast iron, black PVC, steel grey PVC, blue PVC, copper lead or asbestos. Black PVC, red PVC, braided steel, hessian wrapped Black PVC, grey PVC, natural PVC.

REPORT ALL DAMAGE IMMEDIATELY TO YOUR SUPERVISOR

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For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 35

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2.16 Personal Protective Equipment

PPE is all equipment which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work which protects him/her against one or more risks to his/her health and safety. The PPE Regulations impose certain duties on all of us: The Employer Must provide suitable PPE to all employees who may be exposed to a risk to their health and safety while at work and provide training in its use. Managers and Supervisors Must ensure that all PPE is properly stored and maintained in clean, efficient and working order. Must ensure all their staff are trained to use the PPE. Must ensure all their staff use the appropriate PPE when necessary. Must keep a register of PPE and regularly inspect it.

You (the employee) Must co-operate with your employer and use the PPE supplied to you when necessary. Must report any defects to their PPE.

The general philosophy is that where risks to health and safety are identified the first priority is to eliminate the risk by providing safer alternatives, i.e. a safe place strategy. Or to provide collective protection, e.g. fume extraction, barrier rails, etc or by changing the working method. Only when it is not possible to achieve the required degree of protection by any other method should PPE be considered, i.e. a safe person strategy. Your section should be keeping a PPE register and carrying out regular inspections of your PPE. If any of your equipment is damaged do not use it; replace it before you carry out any operation that the PPE is intended to protect you from.

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PPE is available for protection from: Atmospheric contamination dust, fumes, mist, gas, low oxygen, noise etc Radiation ionising and non-ionising Impact and abrasion head, hand, foot, body. Foul weather heat, humidity, sand storms. Emergencies tank escape, etc.

Head Protection
The most common hazard for which protection is provided is against falling objects. The protection is provided by the strength of the hard hat material and a properly adjusted cradle acting as a shock absorber. It is therefore most important that the hard hat internal cradle is adjusted to fit you correctly. Do not write on or deface your hard hat as it will impair its effectiveness ( i.e. by using waterproof or solvent marker pens). Replace your hard hat at recommended intervals (i.e. every two years). Bump caps are used to protect against bruising and abrasion by personnel working in confined spaces. They are only designed to protect against these minor risks and must not be used as protection against falling objects. Snoods, hair nets, hats and caps made of various materials are available to prevent hair becoming entangled in moving machinery.

Body Protection
Chemical Resistant Use of chemical resistant clothing falls into the following general grades: Light duty: uncoated cotton or synthetic fabrics in the form of overalls, smocks and laboratory coats are satisfactory for protection against low-level splashes of diluted chemicals. Medium duty: additional protection provided by aprons on top of light duty protective clothing. Heavy duty: PVC coated fabric in the form of overalls or two-piece suits. Usually used in conjunction with acid hoods. This clothing should always be washed and hosed down before removal. High Visibility Clothing There are many varieties of high visibility clothing on the market today. Tabards and coats to the correct standard are available from the Acton Stores or via your Supervisor and must be worn according to site rules.

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Other types Leather and flame retardant fabrics for use by welders; Kevlar leggings, etc. for chain saw workers; foul weather protection.

Hand protection
There are a variety of glove designs and materials to protect against: Absorption Abrasions Wounds Dermatitis Penetration Electric shock Temperature Etc.

The type required depends on the operation being carried out. Gloves are available from your supervisor. Check with your Supervisor if in doubt about the type you should be using. Barrier creams and hand cleaners are also available and you are strongly recommended to make use of them.

Foot Protection
Safety Footwear may be needed to protect against: Toe Injuries Heat Static electricity Penetration Oil / Water Chemicals Slipping Electric shock Molten metals

Respiratory Protection
Where harmful materials are present as dusts, fumes, gases or there is an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, steps must be taken to control the situation. Generally this can be done by isolation and the provision of exhaust systems. Where such control measures are not possible appropriate respiratory or breathing apparatus must be used. Note the difference between the two types:

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Breathing apparatus provides uncontaminated air or oxygen. Respiratory apparatus purifies the air breathed from the atmosphere.

Hearing Protection
Noise is covered in a separate Toolbox subject. Briefly, there are three main types of hearing protection: Ear Plugs Only effective in relatively low noise level areas. Ear muffs or ear defenders Provide the level of protection for most of activities. The combined hard hat and ear defender is also available. If you are in doubt about the correct standard of equipment to use

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 11 SMSP 12

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2.17 Avoiding Dermatitis

The use of some degreasants, adhesives, oils, chemicals and solvents can have a terrible effect on the skin, particularly if exposure is regular and for long periods. In some cases this results in severe irritation, acute soreness and blistering of the skin which is known as Occupational or Industrial Dermatitis. Mild soreness or itching may simply be an allergic reaction to a particular substance. IF YOU SUFFER FROM ANY FROM OF SKIN IRRITATION INFORM YOUR SUPERVISOR AND SAFETY OFFICER.

Prevention of Dermatitis
Read the label on the adhesive, chemical, oil, degreasant or substance. If it recommends wearing hand protection do so! Can a milder or less harmful product be used instead? Check the COSHH assessment undertaken does it recommend specific PPE or conditions in which the product should be used? Dont wear oily or dirty overalls/uniform as many substances will eventually be absorbed by the skin and cause a problem. Do not keep oily rags or contaminated materials in your pocket. This practice can in some circumstances lead to cancer of the scrotum or cause skin irritations as substances are absorbed through fabric and onto the skin.

Arrange for repair or replacement of uniform or overalls which are badly worn or have holes. Use only specially formulated hand cleaners to remove substances such as oil, paint etc from your skin. The use of white spirit, petrol or similar solvents will damage the skin. The use of white spirit, petrol or similar solvents will damage the skin, cause irritation or sensitisation.

Clean your hands before eating, smoking or drinking, when going home, off shift or when about to perform other duties. Use a suitable barrier cream if you cannot feasibly work with gloves.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 18

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2.18 Works Adjacent to Railway Lines

Working close to Railway Lines is subject to a variety of regulations according to the usage of the line and the power source of the trains. You will be required to undergo a formal induction course.

Always wear approved high visibility vests. Do not go on the line side unless you have the proper authority. Do not start work on or near the line until you are clearly familiar with safety arrangements and have been told it is safe to do so.

If you suffer from defective hearing, defective vision or any illness that may cause temporary incapacity you must declare it.

You must observe all warning indications and notices. Be alert to approaching trains or movement. Acknowledge audible warning form any approaching train. Always keep at least 3 metres clearance between yourself, clothing, tools, equipment and electrified lines.

Never use metal objects such as ladders, tapes or chains when working near electric conductor rails. Do not allow any part of vehicles or plant to come within 2 metres of any line on which train movements may take place.

Always ensure that crane jibs and rig mast operate away from or parallel to the rail lines. Where jibs/masts must face a line a special anchor system should be used.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 15 & 40

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2.19 Contaminated Land

There is increasing awareness generally of contamination and piling companies are frequently being asked to pile into land that has become contaminated with a whole variety of contaminants.

On contaminated sites your health could be damaged through skin absorption, skin penetration, ingestion or inhalation.

You must separate yourselves from direct contact with the contaminated soil by wearing the protective clothing provided, and the use of barrier creams.

Always wash before eating and at the end of each work period. Be sure to wash your hands before and after using the toilet.

Smoking may lead to ingestion of contaminated material you should avoid if possible or wash your hands first.

You must not eat on site as this may lead to ingestion of contaminated soil. If you get any tar-like or other substances on your skin, wash them off with a proprietary cleaner followed by soap and water and if necessary change your clothing.

If you have even the slightest cut or scratch, get it thoroughly cleaned by the first aider and covered with a waterproof dressing. Ensure details entered in Accident Book.

Non-working clothes should be left in the area provided and overalls should be put on before starting work.

When leaving the site protective clothing should be stored in the area provided, where necessary wash and shower thoroughly.

Any health disorders must be reported to your supervisor i.e. headaches, stomach aches etc. You must not go into any trench, pit or confined space unless you have a Permit to Work. The following should be reported immediately: 1. Patches of thick, black material, blue powders, yellow powders or any other suspicious substance. 2. Strange smells, especially of rotten eggs. 3. Any sign of fire. 4. Containers containing any sort of substance.

AVOID CONTACT STAY CLEAR

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For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 18, 41 & 44

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2.20 Protection of the Public

It is extremely important that all third parties are protected against possible accidents and injuries on site. Curiosity attracts the public to construction sites, particularly children. It must be remembered that we have to protect not only the young and fit, but also the old, the infirm and the blind. A perimeter fence or hoarding should be erected around the construction site and along public rights of way. Sometimes it may be appropriate to employ the services of a watchman or security organisation. Notices should be displayed warning the public of the dangers on construction sites. A compound for the storage of materials, tools and plant items should be provided. Excavations should be backfilled, securely covered or protected before being left unattended. All mechanical plant should be immobilised and where possible securely locked in a safe place. Buckets and blades on plant should be grounded. Ladders should be removed to a secure compound or rendered un-climbable. Electricity supplies to all equipment which is not required to be energised when the site is unoccupied should be locked off. Care must be taken not to obstruct footpaths, and other public access routes. Partially used cartridge strips should not be left lying around the site. Children are not allowed on sites. Any public footpaths must be kept clear and/or pedestrian routes provided and signed as such. Materials liable to be blown away by the wind must be lashed down when not in use.

Remember the standard of protection for the old, infirm and children is higher than for able bodied construction workers, so when providing protective measures think of them, not yourself. It is not a defence in law that a person was a trespasser and should not have been on the site.

Further information:
HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 19, 20 and 21.

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2.21 COSHH
COSHH stands for the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health. The aim of these controls is to protect employees from harmful substances, e.g. wood-dust from sanding machines, fumes from solvent adhesives, etc. Generic COSHH Assessments have been produced and are held on site. Chemicals which are purchased locally should have been assessed by the line manager purchasing the product with the assistance from the Safety Officer as necessary. The risks to staff that follow the manufacturers instructions and safe systems of work are normally low. However, failing to wear PPE, or using PPE that has not been adequately maintained, could put you and your colleagues at risk. Similarly a product used in an unsafe condition or manner could be harmful. Therefore, to ensure you are not put at risk when using chemicals or equipment whilst at work, follow these procedures: Before starting work, read the label and follow the manufacturers instructions, e.g. wearing gloves and goggles when using descalers and degreasants. Ensure ventilation/fresh air is adequate when applying adhesives and solvents. Ensure that the correct PPE is available. Stores should be able to provide all suitable equipment and clothing to you. Check that the PPE is available to use before you start the job. Ensure that local exhaust ventilation systems are working properly and that they are regularly maintained, e.g. ventilation from wood-working machinery, etc. A record should be kept of all maintenance work undertaken. PPE should be regularly checked and, if necessary, replaced. Filters should be replaced as recommended by the manufacturer, and more frequently if heavily used. A PPE log should be kept, detailing who the PPE is issued to, recording maintenance and filter replacements. Follow the safe system of work when using hazardous items. Do not eat or drink whilst handling hazardous items. Report any defects or faults to equipment and plant. Do not transfer hazardous items into unlabeled containers, e.g. decanting acid into small lemonade bottle, etc.
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Know what safety precautions to take when handling substances you deal with frequently. Be aware of what to do should an emergency arise, e.g. splashing solvent into your eyes or onto clothing (emergency instructions are normally incorporated into the label of the product).

If you are not sure that a substance you have been asked to use has been adequately assessed, speak to your line manager. Should you require assistance or advice on how to use a product in a dangerous area (e.g. a confined space) call the HSE Team for advice.

If you feel ill or drowsy whilst using a product or carrying out a particular task stop immediately and speak to your manager for advice. Move to an area of fresh air and if necessary obtain treatment from the First Aider. Do not allow anyone to return to where you were working or to continue your work in another area if you have become ill as a direct result of carrying out a particular job. Ensure that your manager investigates.

As well as protecting yourself, consider the possible effects of the use of chemical products and substances on other people who may be indirectly exposed.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 18

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2.22 Compressed Gas Cylinders

Treat every cylinder as full and handle carefully. Always use a carrier and secure the cylinder into it. Always secure acetylene flammable gas cylinders in an upright position both in use and in storage. Store all cylinders so that they can not fall. Keep them away from sun, artificial heat, flammable materials, corrosive chemicals and fumes. Avoid damage to valves and fittings and do not use them for lifting and carrying. Keep valves and fittings of oxygen cylinders free from oil and grease. See that gloves (if worn) are free from oil and grease. Open cylinder valves slowly, and close sufficiently to shut off gas never use force. Always lift cylinders from trucks do not drop or slide them. Keep hose lines clear of traffic lanes and hot slag. Remember handling cylinders is a two man job. Do not use flammable gas or oxygen cylinders without flashback arrestors. Regular inspection of hoses gases etc should be undertaken before use. Transport cylinders in open not closed vehicles without ventilation. Do not smoke when using compressed gases. Make sure you know the emergency fire procedures including types of fire extinguishers to be used. Ensure a suitable fire extinguisher is immediately available for hot work.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer HIRA 08 and 60 SMSP 7, 13 and 18.

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2.23 Fragile Roofs

Every year many workers die as a result of falling from a fragile roof. HSE statistics reveal that falls often from as little as three metres can lead to a fatality. Falls from fragile roofs leave workers badly injured, some so severely injured, that they are never able to walk again. A roof may look secure enough to walk on, particularly if the roof is not signed as a Fragile Roof. It may bear the weight of one or two people and then all of a sudden the surface collapses there is nothing to save you from falling. What constitutes a fragile roof surface? Plastic sheeting Wired glass Wood wool slabs Asbestos/fibre cement sheets Corrugated steel sheeting (particular if rusted) Skylights

Points to Consider All work on roofs must be the subject of a local Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment prior to the work: If access is needed near skylights protect staff by fixing guard-rails barriers within two metres of the approach to sky/roof lights. Sign the barriers appropriately. If crawling-boards can be used they must only be used by a competent person. This involves two secured boards (at least 430mm) wide used to span the purlins. Suitable roof-edge protection must be provided. Protection from fragile guttering or other surfaces must be provided if access is necessary. All persons must be protected from debris and other material likely to be removed or fall from roofing. Loose material and tools should be kept away from the edge of roof surfaces. Staff should not work in heavy rain or gusty conditions. Ladders should be secured.

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If crawling-boards cannot be used alternative means of access may be necessary, e.g. scaffolding or cherry-picker.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 40 SMSP 09

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2.24 Highly Flammable Liquids (HFL`s) and LPG

N.B. HFL`s are those liquids with a flash point below 90 degrees F (32 degrees C)

Storage General Mark Highly Flammable indicate flash point. Access clear Fire Extinguishers provided.

Open Air Storage Concrete base Mesh fence Roof cover Sill and ramp to contain 110% of contents of largest container. Separation distance 2m from boundary/fixed sources of ignition minimum. Ideally the storage place should be more then 6m from the nearest building, highway or public footpath or other flammable substances. Storage in a Purpose Built Area Used exclusively for HFL. Sill at doorway to contain 110% of contents of largest container. Well ventilated at low and high level. Separation distance 6m from boundary/fixed sources of ignition. Only specially protected electrical equipment to be used within.

Workplace 50 litres (10 gals) or less in fire resistant, marked bin/cupboard capable of containing the contents of the largest HFL container should it leak. Petrol Only 15 litres maximum to be stored on site without a license.

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Decanting In open air or fire resistant building. Into small, marked containers with effective closure. Funnels/trays used. Spillage mopped up/sanded. Absorbents disposed of safely.

Use of Highly Flammable Liquids Good ventilation or mechanical extraction with flame proof motor. No naked flame or ignition sources. Waste bins provided, with lids. Impregnated rags should not be left in bins they can self-combust. Warning notices displayed. Fire Extinguishers provided. Containers with lids, for cleaning brushes etc

Spraying Identify materials: observe precautions in use and storage. Use correct equipment. Protective Equipment/clothing. Avoid ignition risks. Warning notices, barriers in use. Fire extinguishers provided. Well ventilated (mechanical ventilation within buildings or structures) COSHH assessment.

Flammable Adhesives Identify type of adhesive and check precautions for safe usage. Use exhaust ventilation as necessary spark free motors. Use respiratory/protective clothing. No ignition sources; avoid sparks and naked flames. Electrical installations isolate fuses. Provide warning notices; erect barriers. Solvent not used to clean hands, surfaces etc.

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Empty containers not to be heated or cut. Tanks precautions taken against risk of explosion. Entry into tanks; authorising permit obtained first.

Fire Emergency Procedures Emergency procedures provide and display instructions.

Disposal of Containers Empty collapse container. Partially empty dispose of as Special Waste refer to supervisor.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer HIRA 08 and 09 SMSP 07

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2.25 Safe transport of gas cylinders

The use of vehicles to transport Gas Cylinders to and from Site is covered relevant regulations as such we must ensure the following is adhered to at all times.

Where a vehicle is used to carry Dangerous Substances the operator must ensure that it is in good condition and suitable for the substances being carried on that journey. No more than 5 litres must be carried without the driver holding a Vocational Training Certificate.

Operators and those loading vehicles must take reasonable steps to ensure that cylinders are loaded/unloaded correctly.

Ensure that cylinders are properly secured on the vehicle to minimise the risk of damage leakage etc.

Gas cylinders must be stored and transported in an upright position and the use of closed vans and other closed vehicles must be avoided.

Where closed vehicles have to be used in the case of a small number of cylinders of flammable or toxic gas adequate ventilation should be provided and any other precautions that may be necessary.

Vehicle operator must obtain sufficient information about the dangerous substances he is carrying and he is aware of the hazards created by the substance, transport emergency card (tremcards) to be kept on dashboard of vehicle.

Vehicle operator must be aware of the emergency procedures in the event of an accident. He must be a competent trained operator. Vehicle must carry a suitable fire extinguisher. No smoking when loading and unloading gases to be erected on entrance door to storage area of vehicle.

Restrictions apply to Carriage of LPG through Tunnels.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 07, 13 & 18

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2.26 Welding and Cutting

There are two principle types of welding, gas and electric arc, both require considerable care in their use.

Welding is a skilled job; it should only be carried out by those who have received the necessary training.

Electric arc welding can cause eye damage. Protect your eyes and those of others. Always use and wear appropriate equipment and clothing. Check the welding machine is earthed and that cables and electrode holder are in good condition.

Gas cylinders should always be held upright and secure. Keep the welding area free from flammable materials. Take care to ensure hoses are not punctured and clear them away when not in use. Never weld or cut inside enclosed vessels or to vessels that have contained flammable liquids.

Use flashback arresters on all gas cylinders. Keep oil based products away from oxygen bottles and fittings, this is an explosive combination.

Keep a fire extinguisher available and seek proper first aid attention for any burns. Ensure screening is erected to protect other employees and general public.

For Further Information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 59 and 60 SMSP 13

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2.27 Plant Movement on Site

Every year there are numerous serious and fatal accidents throughout the country caused by the movement of plant and equipment on sites. Unattended reversing is a major cause of accidents, therefore commercial vehicles (including buses, delivery vehicles, cranes or any vehicle where the driver does not have a clear all-round vision), must not be reversed or manoeuvred unless a responsible person is in attendance to help to guide the vehicle. The banksman or responsible person must be aware of the dangers to himself: From the machine which he is guiding, bearing in mind the possible restricted vision to the front or rear of the machine. He must always position himself in a location where he is readily visible to the driver at all times the vehicle is moving and at the same time not a risk to himself. From other machines in the area. From excavations, trenches etc. From other obstructions. From suspended loads.

The banksman and operator must establish with the driver, BEFORE the operation, a system of communication that should be either the recognised signals, or by means of a Klaxon. The banksman must stop operations where anyone is being place at risk if any dispute arises he must stop the operation and report to the supervisor who will determine priorities. The banksman, whilst guiding the machine or acting as lookout ahead of the direction of travel, must be particularly conscious of: The proximity of other personnel. The proximity and movement of other vehicles. The proximity of excavations, trenches, batters (any excavation to which a vehicle is to be guided e.g. for tipping purposes, must be provided with stop blocks). The proximity of structures, scaffolding or obstructions e.g. boulders. The proximity of underground services where relevant. The proximity of electrical overhead lines site management must ensure that all electrical overhead lines are adequately highlighted and protected in line with company policy the

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banksman and operator must be made aware of the requirement for notices and goal posts and their duty to observe them. The danger from suspended loads. The requirement to ensure that at least 600 mm clearance is always maintained between any part of the machine and any slewing motion. The danger of unauthorised passengers riding in an unsafe manner.

The banksman must not leave his workplace until the operation has ceased or he has been relieved by a competent deputy. N.B. Only one banksman must direct the driver.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 78 SMSP 10, 17 & 37

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2.28 Mobile Cranes

You must only operate a machine of a type on which you have been trained and authorised to use, Before operating, ensure that the machine is correctly maintained and the weekly inspection register completed. Report all defects immediately.

Check all wire ropes for wear at frequent intervals. Before operating, test-check the safe load indicator and all crane motions. Ensure crane is on firm and level ground. Use mats if necessary.

Before hoisting, ensure that the load is correctly slung, balanced and secure. Never exceed the safe working load. Obey warning devices and notices. When assessing the total load to be lifted, allow for the weight of the appropriate lifting gear. After the load is lifted a short distance completely clear of the ground, stop and check the safe load indicator for possible overload before continuing lift.

Always keep within the limits shown on the indicators when derricking. Work only with an authorised banksman/slinger and operate to his signals. Do not react to signals from unauthorised persons, except in an emergency.

Check for obstruction and men in the vicinity of the crane before slewing. Clearance of at least 600 mm must as far as practicable be maintained between moving parts of the crane and any nearby fixture.

Slewing motions should be operated gently to reduce load swing to a minimum. Before travelling ensure that the slewing lock is engaged Watch out for overhead power lines. Do not pass under, unless within the confines of goal posts and a banksman is in attendance.

Working alongside power lines should not be undertaken unless authorised and closely supervised and authorised specifically by the site manager and special precautions laid down and adhered to.

When travelling with a load, keep it as near the ground as possible. Drive slowly and look out for obstructions and uneven ground. Operatives should not walk in front of the crane steadying the load guy ropes should be used.

Outriggers, where fitted, should always be fully extended according to the load chart in the cab when using the crane in a blocked capacity. Use suitable packing to spread the load.

Lower gently when depositing the load. Before loading a vehicle ensure the driver is out of the cab unless this has special protection.
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Never share a load with another crane unless the operation has been planned and is supervised. If persons have to be lifted, they must travel in am approved chair, cage or skip, and the crane must be equipped with power lowering and automatic breaking.

Never leave the crane with a load suspended. When leaving the crane, make sure the power is off, the hook is unloaded and out of the way, the brakes are on, and the cab is locked, so that no unauthorised person can interfere with the crane.

Driver training may have to be carried out. You will be given instructions on this by your foreman. No unauthorised driver is permitted to operate the crane. A trainee must be accompanied by the authorised crane operator.

Remember when lifting with the crane facing down and incline the S.W.L is reduced but this is not normally registered by the A.S.L.I.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 10,11 and 12 SMSP 08, 10 & 37

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2.29 Fork Lift Trucks

You must only operate machines of a type on which you have been trained, authorised and certified to use. See that your machine is serviceable and properly maintained at all times. Make sure tyre pressure is correct. Check water ballasting where necessary. Never allow passengers to ride on the fork lift the forks or use a pallet as a makeshift work platform it is illegal. Understand the limits of your machine, both loaded and unloaded. Never exceed the maximum weight shown. Always load with the mast vertical or tilted back slightly. Have the forks as widely spaced as practicable to give maximum stability to the load. Ensure that the load does not obscure your view of the way ahead. If your view is restricted, travel in reverse. If necessary work with a banksman. Beware of other personnel and plant in your working area. Sound horn whenever to warn others of your approach. Avoid sharp obstacles and excessively uneven surfaces as far as possible. Always travel with the load in the lowest practicable position. Do not raise the load while travelling. Wait until the off-loading position has been reached. Deposit all loads gently on to storage areas or loading platforms. Always travel at a steady speed consistent with the site and load conditions. Do not accelerate, brake or turn violently. When driving on inclines, when load is carried the load should always face uphill. When no load is carried the forks should always face downhill. Adjust tilt to suit gradient and raise just enough to clear the road. Ensure that there is always sufficient overhead clearance for the mast. Particular care is required in the vicinity of overhead power lines unless within the confines of goal posts. When the machine is parked, the forks should be lowered to the ground, the ignition key removed and the handbrake applied. Report all defects immediately. Ensure forward protection is provided to the front of the driver to prevent access to the forks e.g. mesh grill.

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Ensure that no unauthorised persons can use fork lift when left unattended.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 20 SMSP 08, 10 & 37

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2.30 Banksmen / Slingers

All banksmen/slingers should be trained and authorised make yourself recognisable to the crane operator by wearing an Orange coloured banksmans high visibility waistcoat. Inspection before Use Slings and other chains must not be shortened by tying knots in them or by wrapping them round the crane hook. Chains are not joined by means of bolts or wire. Wire ropes are not sharply bent at any point. Wire ropes are never used singly when hooked by a spliced eye. The cable is liable to untwist allowing the splices to open and slip. Ensure proper pin is used in all shackles. All end links, rings or shackles ride freely upon any hook on which they are used.

When Slinging Slings should be protected from sharp edged loads by packing soft wood or other suitable material between load and sling bricks are not a suitable packing. Make sure the packing is secure. Ensure load is evenly distributed to avoid excessive stresses on one side of sling. Avoid letting load rest on a wire rope; it may crush strands and render rope unsafe. Ensure load is securely slung before lifting. Always see that crane hook is centrally placed over load to prevent swinging when load is being raised, and that load is in balance. Take your hands away from chains and ropes before crane takes the load. Wear gloves. Check load is free for lifting. Give warning to persons to keep clear of load.

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During Lift Signals must be given by person responsible for lift, and nobody else. Hooks and slings not in use should not be carried on carrying hook, since they may cause the sling carrying load to ride on nose of hook. Never ride on a crane load, or allow any other person to do so. Whenever possible, keep load clear of people. Chains, slings, hooks or loads should never be dragged along ground.

Unloading / Stacking Make sure there is a firm foundation for stack, and make provision for removal of slings without disturbing stack. Stack material securely and provide safe access for subsequent removal. Snickle back slings to the hook to prevent them from fouling on scaffold etc.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 10 SMSP 08

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2.31 Overhead Cranes

Only authorised and trained employees are allowed to operate overhead cranes. Ensure that the total load to be lifted (including rigging) does not exceed the rated capacity of the hoist.

Operate all controls ensure their proper operation. Do not operate damaged or malfunctioning hoist. Test the limit switch by raising the hook block slowly until it makes contact with the switch. If it does not stop the hoisting motion, stop the upward movement and report failure to your supervisor.

Insert the hook, chain and wire rope. Assure no slack is present on drum or load block. Do not operate hoist with other then its own power. Attach the load to the load block hook by means of slings or other approved devices. Ensure the slings or other approved devices are properly seated in the saddle of the hook. If necessary, attach tag lines to control the load. Clear all non-essential personnel from the operational area. The operator shall respond to signals only from the person who is directing the lift, or an appointed signal man. However, he shall obey a stop signal at all times, no matter who give it.

Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and effectiveness of the braking system. Keep the load or block high enough to clear all apparatus below the hoist. Do not transport loads over personnel. Lower the load carefully. Keep the load under control until it is secured. Do not leave the controls while a load is on the hook. Return the hoisting devices to the designated parking position and open the main circuit breaker.

Dos and Donts for Crane Operators DO: Test hoist and travel limit devices at start of each shift. Sound warning signal when approaching personnel. Balance load in sling before lifting more than few inches. Test hoist brakes whenever lifting load approaching rated load capacity. Lift load a few inches and test hoist brakes before making complete lift. Make visual checks on equipment at reasonable intervals and report defects immediately. Use controller to stop hoist - NOT limit switch.
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Watch for proper rigging on load before lifting. Know standard hand signals. Read manufacturers operating instruction book.

DO NOT: Lift more than rated capacity of hoist or crane. Operate with twisted, kinked or damaged hoist rope. Operate damaged or malfunctioning hoist. Operate if rope is not seated in drum or sheave grooves. Lift unless load slings are centred on hook. Lift people or travel with people on load. Make side pulls which misalign rope with hoist. Operate unless all travel limit devices are functioning. Lower below point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on hoist drum. Use upper limit switch to stop hoist. Limit switch is for emergency stop only. Leave operating position with suspended load on hook. Permit load to contact obstacles.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 10 and 11 SMSP 8, 10 & 37

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2.32 Hand Tools

Use the right size spanner to fit the nut. See that every file has a handle. Avoid chisels and punches with mushroom heads. Keep hammerheads tightly wedged on their shafts. Renew wooden handles that are split. Keep the edges of cutting tools sharp. Hands behind the cutting edges when working. Dont use screwdrivers on work held in the hand. Keep tools in boxes or racks when not in use. Protect sharp edges of tools that are to be stored or carried. Scrap tools that are worn or damaged beyond repair. Always use the correct tool for the job.

Good tools mean faster and safer working.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 17 SMSP 08 and 10

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2.33 Portable Electric Tools

Before using a portable electric tool, check to see if it is properly earthed, unless of approved type that does not require earthing, i.e. double insulated.

Before using an electric tool, make sure that the casting is undamaged. If it is damaged, do not use the tool.

Make sure that all cables, plugs or connectors are sound and properly wired up. Check that the cable clamps are tight.

Electrical tools should be operated at 110 volts. Make sure that the power cable is long enough to reach your working place without straining it. It is usually the earth wire that gets pulled out first.

Keep power cables off the floor. They may get damaged or trip somebody. Never stand on a damp or wet surface when using electrical equipment and keep the equipment clean and dry.

Portable electric tools should only be used for their designed purpose. Never connect a portable electric tool to a lighting socket. Never use worn, blunt or damaged bits or other accessories. Disconnect tools when not in use, also when they are moved to another area. Electric power tools should be regularly inspected and maintained by a competent electrician.

Report all defects immediately.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 21 SMSP 26

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2.34 Abrasive Wheels

Only trained and certificated persons are allowed to use and mount the wheel. Most accidents that occur with abrasive wheels are caused by putting too much pressure on the cutting disc which causes the disc to shatter.

Pedestal Type Wear approved goggles to a relevant standard, ear defenders up to 90d B(A) and face mask to a relevant standard when using an abrasive wheel. Adjust the guard to expose the minimum wheel surface necessary for the operation. Keep the glass screen in the safety position. Adjust the tool rest as close as possible to the face of the wheel. Keep your fingers below the tool rest level. Take care work does not slip off the rest. Use the correct grade of wheel for the work in hand. Keep the face of the wheel evenly dressed. Never use the side of the wheel. Do not exert heavy pressure on the wheel. Run a replacement wheel for a full minute after fitting before attempting to use it. Switch off the abrasive wheel when not in use. Always allow the wheel to stop by itself; do not assist in the stopping of the wheel by any other means. Ensure adequate ventilation. Floor area must be free from loose material and not slippery.

Cutting off wheels This topic includes all wheels and discs used for cutting and grinding on site. Only persons trained and certificated may fit or use an abrasive wheel. Always wear goggles and ear protectors when using an abrasive wheel. Consider your surroundings carefully before commencing. The machines and wheels must have their maximum speeds marked clearly on them. Maximum speeds of wheels and discs must not be exceeded. Check you have the correct disc for the material you propose to cut.
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Always keep guards in place. Keep the face of the wheel evenly dressed. Never use the side of the wheel unless it is designed for it. Keep fingers away from the cutting edge. Do not exert heavy pressure on the wheel. Ensure floor area free from loose materials. Make sure the material you are cutting will not move during the operation. Bits cut off may be hot always, ensure a fire extinguisher is readily available.

Switch off the abrasive wheel when not in use. Always allow the wheel to stop by itself; do not assist in the stopping of the wheel by any other means.

Store the discs in flat position or in original packaging. A visual check or ring test must be carried out before mounting the disc.

Consider others and protect your eyes from flying fragments. It is good practice to continue to display cautionary notices concerning the dangers of abrasive wheels wherever abrasive wheels are used or changed. This serves as a useful reminder to employees of the training they have received.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 14 and 73 SMSP 08

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2.35 Chains, Shackles and Slings

Tackle for lifting is in daily use on most construction sites, it is vital that all equipment used is appropriate for the job. This topic applies to all items of lifting tackle whether specifically mentioned here or not. Only trained and competent persons are authorised to undertake lifting operations. Chains You must select the right chain for the job and check for deformity, cracked or cut links. Make sure it is marked with the safe working load which must not be exceeded. A certificate must specify the SWL it should be signed and dated. Never tie a knot in a chain to shorten it. Use only for their intended purpose, do not abuse.

Shackles Use the right type for the job and make sure it is marked with its safe working load which must not be exceeded. Carefully examine for danger or distortion. Always screw the pin right in and check that it does not come loose in use. Only use proper pins to secure the shackle. Defective shackles should be destroyed to prevent further usage.

Slings Select the right sling for the job. Ensure it is marked with the safe working load and suitable for the load to be lifted. Should be attached by approved method. Reject slings if there is any sign of wear or damage. Protect slings with suitable packing from the sharp edges or corners of the load.

Hooks To be fitted with safety catch.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 10 and 11 SMSP 8, 10 & 37

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2.36 Compressed Air Tools

See that the hose is clear of dirt or moisture before starting work. Ensure that tools are regularly maintained and serviced and matching connections are used. See that, where applicable, the proper protective guard is fitted before use. Always use attachments which are correct for the speed of the tool. When using paving breakers, clay spades etc, always check your hose connections before starting work.

Wear protective foot wear when using paving breakers and stand with your feet apart. Operators of air cutting, drilling or impact breaking tools must wear eye protectors, and are advised to use ear protectors also in accordance with the noise assessment.

Before disconnecting any air tool, turn off the compressed air supply on the main air pipe to which your air hose is connected. The air should be exhausted in the line at the tool end.

The air tool lever should be released before moving the tool to another piece of work. Use quick release control and not spring levers.

The changing of points (jack hammer) should be undertaken with the tool in a horizontal position. Do not use blunt points.

Ensure that all points (jack hammer) are securely seated before operating tool. In the case of air operated cutting wheels and discs, only operators in possession of a certificate of training are permitted to change an abrasive wheel or disc.

Report all defects immediately. Keep away all persons not directly involved in the activity, particularly children and the general public.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 18

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2.37 Cartridge Operated Tools

These are very useful tools but misused they can become lethal weapons. A simple test by driving or fixing of intended type into base with hammer will show if material is suitable. The strength of cartridge must be carefully chosen. Start with lower strength for a test fixing and then change if penetration not sufficient. Only to be used by trained persons authorised in writing to do so. Read manufacturers instructions carefully before using gun. Ensure tool has safety device which prevents it from being fired unless the muzzle is pressed hard against the work surface. Make sure gun is not loaded before handling. Always load gun with barrel pointing in safe direction away from you and anyone else in the area. The safety of other persons in vicinity must be considered and precautions taken. Never place your hand over the end of the barrel. Never walk around with a loaded gun always load at the point of use. Check that the material into which the bolt is to be fixed is suitable. Allow at least 75mm from edges of concrete or brickwork. Hold gun at right angles to the job when firing. Wear eye and ear protectors and head protection when using the gun. In the event of a misfire wait one minute before unloading, following manufacturers instructions. Keep the gun clean and lubricated. Never leave the gun loaded when not in use. Cartridges to be kept under lock and key in safe place. Do not use in areas where a flammable atmosphere or risk of dust explosion may exist. A proper working platform must be used wherever practicable. If not all ladders must be tied securely. Misfired cartridges to be stored in a metal box and returned to supplier. Only authorised competent persons to supervise and check acquisition, issue tools, return and maintenance of tools.

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Cartridge operated tools and cartridges should be stored in a place secure, dry and cool. Issue of tools to be controlled. Tools to be stored unloaded, strengths of cartridges clearly identifiable and kept separate. Only one make of equipment to be on site. Manufacturers instructions on safe use and dismantling should be readily available.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 15 SMSP 10 and 12

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2.38 Work on or near water

It is quite clear that the best method of securing safe access and a safe place of work for workers, so far as water hazard are concerned, is to ensure so far as is practicable that workers can not fall into water. Quays Any regular approach over a dock, wharf, quay or a similar place which workers have to use in going to and from a place of work should be maintained with due regard to safety. All dangerous parts of dock approaches should be adequately fenced. When natural lighting is not adequate to prevent danger, adequate and suitable artificial lighting should be provided. Access Workers should be embarked only at suitable landing places and adequate provision should be made for their safety. Landing places should be provided with sufficiently strong and well secures bollards or cleats for securing the ropes or wires of ships and boats. Bridges, gangways etc. leading to pontoons and landing places, except access openings, should be provided with adequate railings. Steps leading to landing places should be provided with adequate hand rails. All landing places and pontoons should be provided with suitable and an adequate number of life saving appliances. Landing places standing particularly high above the water must be provided with suitable ladders to allow egress from the water. When natural lighting is inadequate all landing places should be provided with adequate artificial lighting. Means of access and egress should be maintained in a safe condition. Where special passage ways or other safe means of access or egress to our work places are provided, workers should always use them for going to or from the work places. A minimum of two landing places should be provided at floating structures. A plan showing the location of landing places and where practicable access and egress routes to the landing places should be displayed at each landing place and at other suitable positions.

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Means of access and egress should be kept free from obstruction and at all times should be maintained so that they do not become slippery due to ice, oil, mud etc.

Means of access and egress should as far as practicable be installed in position so that loads do not pass over them (crane loads).

Life saving appliances provided at landing places and pontoons should consist of a mixture of life buoys, heaving lines and gaffs.

Working Places Where workers are employed in positions when a fall into water is foreseeable they should be protected by buoyant life jackets complying with requirements of the competent authority and/or life lines. Where a danger of falling into water exists adequate rescue boat, life jackets, life buoys, gaffs etc should be made and maintained for the duration of the danger. Life jackets should be worn by workers employed on: Open deck floating equipment not equipped with bulwarks, hand rails or other adequate protection. Retrieval Although the primary objective is to prevent falling into the water, a system of retrieval should be available should such an accident occur. The first aid department should be trained and provided with the necessary equipment to cope with persons who have been immersed in cold water. Practice Where specific actions and duties are imposed in the event of an emergency, management should make time available so that emergency drills may be practised. For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 51 SMSP 12 On structure or stages extending over or adjacent to water and not equipped with railings or other adequate protection.

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2.39 Asbestos
Asbestos is a fibrous mineral used abundantly in the past, primarily because of its resistance to heat. It is commonly found in old insulation, fire protection and sound proofing materials. Types of Asbestos White Asbestos Chrysotile Brown Asbestos Amosite Blue Asbetos Crocidolite Nowadays, only white asbestos is legal in the UK and it is used predominantly by the motor trade in the manufacturer of brake pads. It is not uncommon for employees to find substances they consider to be asbestos when carrying out works in old buildings, although all asbestos should be clearly labelled as such. If you are uncertain, stop work and consult your manager or supervisor. They can arrange for the appropriate people to organise analysis of the substance. What is the problem with asbestos? Asbestos fibres can be extremely fine. The bodys natural defensive system filters out the large fibrous particles. However, the finer respirable particles are able to by-pass the bodys defences and enter the lower section of the lung, creating serious health problems. Certain asbestos diseases can occur if a person is regularly exposed asbestos/dust fibres over a prolonged period. These diseases normally affect smokers before non-smokers, due to the additional lung damage caused by smoking. The three types of asbestos related diseases Asbestosis i.e. fibrosis of the lungs bad scarring and malformed lung tissue. Mesothelioma i.e. cancer of the chest wall or abdominal cavity. Lung cancer

Asbestos policy Arrangements will need to be made to have the Contractor remove (by licensed contractors) the Asbestos. Where this is not practicable then advice needs to be sought from HSE Manager/Engineer/Officer.
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Asbestos in sound condition does not pose a problem unless it is disturbed, becomes damaged, or begins to deteriorate.

Asbestos products can be found as sprayed coatings and insulation, as insulating board an as asbestos cement.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 37 SMSP 08 and 18

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2.40 Dust

Dust can be caused by many working methods, it may just be a nuisance or it may damage your health, dust comes in every shape, size and form, so never assume that any dust is safe. Many dust problems can be identified without the use of highly technical equipment by just looking out for:

Visible clouds of dust Dust that may be leaking out from plant or equipment. Accumulations of dust that could easily be made airborne. Dust control equipment not working.

In combating dust the answer is not to reach for the nearest dust mask or pull your jumper up over your face but look at ways of reducing the amount of dust being produced. Dust respirators should be a last resort.

Methods on how to reduce or control dust:

Making sure materials are dampened down before removal. Dont blow down dusty surfaces with compressed air. Ensure any dust control measures are operational. Enclose the process as far as possible. Provide a good standard of ventilation. Use any local exhaust ventilation systems that may be available and check regularly that the system is working as intended.

Handle materials with care such as minimising free fall of dirt onto conveyor systems etc.

Dust respirators As mentioned above, dust respirators must not be used as a substitute for dust control. Their main use is for short term jobs where dust control by any other means is not possible. If respirators are to be used, then ensure the following:

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They should provide adequate protection and be suitable for the job. Respirators should be of an approved type. The respirator fits properly. A poor fitting is no use. Employees must be provided with information on fitting, use and replacement times.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 12,18 & 35

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2.41 Solvents
Solvents are normally found in many products in common use. These include paints, lacquers, glues, mastics, thinners, paint removers, sealants, etc. they are normally highly flammable. As solvents dry the vapour given off can be harmful. Particularly in cases where ventilation is inadequate, or when staff (or others) are exposed to high concentrations of solvent vapour over a long period of time. It is, however, not only through breathing in vapour that solvents can make you ill. Many solvents can be absorbed directly through the skin as they dissolve the natural oils found in the epidermis. This commonly causes dermatitis and skin sensitisation when suitable PPE, gloves, goggles or overalls have not been worn. Symptoms of solvent exposure vary greatly depending on a) how much solvent has been absorbed, and b) the particular type of solvent an individual has been exposed to. Immediate effects of excessive exposure Nose irritation Headache Sore, stinging or watering eyes

More serious effects Dizziness Double vision Impaired judgement Confusion / sleepiness

In extreme cases from repeated heavy exposure or through glue sniffing the solvents penetrate the skin and enter the central nervous system resulting in unconsciousness, brain damage and even death. Short term, less serious, irritations can be remedied immediately by moving to an area of fresh air and stopping further work with solvents. Splashes should be removed immediately using a suitable cleaning material not thinners. Splashes to the eye should be irrigated using fresh water for at least ten minutes. It may be necessary to seek hospital treatment. It is advisable, however, to visit your own

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doctor if you feel your health has been affected due to exposure to solvents. Your supervisor needs to be informed and Accident Book and Form completed. We cannot perform many jobs or tasks without solvents, therefore, how can we control exposure? Substitute the product if at all possible. It may be feasible to use water-based paint in preference to a solvent-based product. Ensure that a COSHH Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment for the product has been produced before general use. It is important to take into account the environment in which the product is to be used. Only use solvents in adequately ventilated areas. Doors, windows, skylights, etc should be opened if necessary. In some circumstances, i.e. when painting inside confined spaces such as water tanks, forced mechanical ventilation will be required, under these circumstances a Permit is required. Paint should be applied using a brush rather spraying. Store solvents with care. Lids should be on unless the solvent is actually being used or applied. Do not decant products from their original container without adequate labelling. Solvent soaked rags should be disposed of in sealed bags or containers. Clear spillages immediately. Consider applying barrier creams to the skin. Wear suitable PPE. Protect all vulnerable areas liable to skin absorption through direct contact or by splashing. (Overalls, goggles, gloves should normally be worn) Practice good industrial hygiene. Never eat or smoke in the work area. Wash hands and face before eating or drinking. Remove heavily contaminated clothing immediately. Beware of serious fire risk as many solvents are highly flammable. Do not use thinners to remove paint or grease from your skin. Use suitable proprietary cleaning materials.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 18

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2.42 Oxygen
Oxygen is a colourless, normally odourless and non- flammable gas and it is essential for life. Normal air contains 21% of oxygen. In concentrations higher than 21% or at pressures above atmospheric the rate of burning a substance is much faster and it can become difficult or even impossible to put out. To reduce the risk of fires and explosions, remember these main points

NEVER: Use oxygen to sweeten the air of a workplace. Use oxygen instead of fresh air to ventilate a confined space. Use oxygen instead of compressed air as a source of pressure. Use oxygen to blow down clothing to remove dust. Use jointing compounds or tape to cure leaks in oxygen equipment. Use ordinary grease on oxygen fittings.

ALWAYS: Regularly check equipment for leaks, e.g. at hose connections. Only use materials and equipment which are known to be suitable for oxygen service. Ensure correct pressure settings. Open cylinder valves slowly. Make sure equipment is isolated whenever work is stopped. Make sure the flexible oxygen hose for welding etc is the correct colour (oxygen hose is blue). Ensure proper fresh air ventilation is available in oxy-fuel gas welding and cutting operations. Store oxygen cylinders, when not in use, in a well ventilated area or compound, away from combustible materials and away from flammable gas.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 33 and 60 SMSP 13

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2.43

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2.44

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2.45 Pressure and pressure systems

Accidents, sometimes fatal, occur during work with pressure systems when the energy contained in the vessel is released with explosive force. Compressed gases are potentially dangerous for two primary reasons: 1. The energy contained in a compressed gas is more than 200 times the energy contained in the same volume of liquid at the same pressure. 2. The gas itself may be dangerous to health. There are many pressure systems, varying in size and purpose. Some small systems provide the head pressure for domestic water systems thus doing away with the need for head tanks. Other larger systems provide the head pressure for High or Medium Temperature Hot Water (HTHW and MTHW) and chilled water systems. As well as providing the static head pressure, HTHW and MTHW pressurisation systems provide the conditions necessary to keep the water liquid and prevent it from turning into steam. The safety allowance between the system working pressure and the pressure at which the water would turn into steam is known as the flash margin. They all contain store energy with the potential to cause injury and damage if not operated and maintained correctly. Hydraulic and pneumatic pressure testing As part of the routine inspection and testing programme that some plant undergoes it is necessary to carry out pressure tests. Pressure testing should be carried out using a liquid, usually water, as the pressurising medium (hydraulic testing), this being by far the safest method. Pressure testing using a gas as the pressurising medium (pneumatic testing) is potentially very dangerous and should only be used in extraordinary circumstances. For pneumatic testing to be carried out safely special precautions should be in place. If in doubt contact the HSE Manager/Engineer/Officer. Safe Working Practices There are some simple rules to follow to stay safe when working with pressure systems:

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Always ensure you are familiar with the system and its components before attempting to operate or maintain it. There should be clear written instructions covering the normal operation of, and the action to be taken in the event of an emergency for all pressure systems. If in doubt consult your supervisor.

Ensure the system and its components are regularly inspected by the Competent Person. Pressure vessels should have their Safe Working Pressure (SWP) clearly marked on them and a method of determining the pressure inside the vessel (pressure gauge). It is most important that the means of indicating the internal pressure is working and is accurate because most accidents involving pressure systems occur from over pressurisation.

Larger pressurisation units have a means of determining water level. This may be by gauge glass or glasses. There is a correct method of blowing down glasses should they become dirty and this must be followed. This is particularly important when blowing glasses on HTHW and MTHW pressure vessels.

If old fashioned gauge glasses are fitted (i.e. plain round glass tubes if you dont know the different types of glasses check with your supervisor) they must not be operated unless the safety guards are in place. If the safety guards are missing or damaged the glass must be isolated.

The protective devices fitted to pressure vessels must never be adjusted, altered, tampered with or obstructed without authorisation. Certain alterations may require a special examination by the Competent Person prior to the system/vessel being returned to service.

The safety pressure relief valve must be correctly and accurately set after any disturbance. Its setting is normally 10% over normal working pressure. It is most important to ensure the drain pipe work from safety valves is kept clear water in drain pipe work may bear on the valve and delay or prevent its opening.

Regularly inspect and check that all components on the pressure system are operating correctly. Do not make any adjustments unless you fully understand the implications of those adjustments.

Pressure vessels are normally charged with dry nitrogen gas (N2). Nitrogen is inert and only presents a danger to health when it replaces oxygen in an atmosphere. Vessels should be gasfreed and confined space procedures adhered to before entry. Compressed nitrogen gas containers must be securely stored upright and not inside the building.

Before any work that involves the disturbance of components designed to prevent the escape of the pressure (i.e. invasive work), the vessel and/or system must be isolated, drained and vented. Do not rely on the pressure gauge but check that the vent is open and clear. On HTHW and MTHW pressurisation units a permit to work will be required.

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Before carrying out a hydraulic pressure test visually inspect the component to assess whether the component itself, its supporters and its foundations are capable of withstanding the weight. Where a liquid other than water is used care should be taken to identify and control any additional hazards associated with the fluid.

Whilst conducting hydraulic testing the following simple precautions should be followed: Ensure blanking devices and plugs etc. cannot be dangerously ejected during the test The vessel being tested must be totally filled with liquid and properly vented to exclude air pockets Do not over-stress the component. In the absence of any standard code, test pressures should be limited to ensure the weakest part is not subjected to stress greater then the equivalent of 90% of its yield or proof strength at the hydraulic temperature. If in doubt check with your supervisor. Do not subject the component to any form of shock loading, such as a hammer blow, during a pressure test A vessel undergoing a pressure test should not be approached for close examination until a reasonable period of time has elapsed The pressure test should be applied gradually or increased in steps until the required pressure is reached Use eye protection when conducting pressure tests.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 54 SMSP 08 and 15

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2.46 Industrial fall arrest harnesses

Safety harnesses, or to give them their correct title of fall arrest harnesses, have a pretty obvious role to perform, namely to stop you hitting a hard surface, like the floor, at a speed likely to cause injury, should you be unfortunate enough to slip or fall when working at height. Note: Persons over 127 kg must not use this equipment and must not, therefore attempt any work where a safety harness would be required. Procedure Check the harness has an identification number and is within its inspection period, a test certificate should accompany the equipment. If the harness does not have a number or inspection period tagged do not use it. Do not lend or borrow this equipment you could be liable if something goes wrong. Consult your supervisor. You must be trained, either by the manufacturer or a local facilitator, in the correct use of this equipment. Do not use this equipment until you have had the training. There are ten basic rules to follow when using a harness: Do not attempt to work at heights if you are feeling unwell or are susceptible to giddiness. Before putting the harness on check the following: The harness must be free of cuts, nicks, burns and severe surface abrasion which reduce the width and thickness of the webbing. There should be no severe damage to the weave pattern and the stitching must be good The self-locking hooks should have no distortion, sharp edges, burns, cracks and worn parts. Check the snap action and return spring are working correctly and there is no sideways play on the latch in the closed position

Check the fall arrest block webbing is free from cuts, nicks, burns and that the stitching is in good order. Pull the strap sharply to engage the break mechanism then pull out to its full extent. CAUTION don not let the strap go when completing this check as it could damage the block mechanism

Follow the manufacturers instructions for putting the harness on these should be on the harness labels.

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When you reach your position to select a suitable and correct anchorage point, i.e. one that is perfectly sound and capable of sustaining the shock load should you fall. The anchor point should be as high above you as is possible in a vertical plane to reduce the fall distance and the liability to pendulum. Consider the surrounding area avoid using an anchor point that would permit you to strike or swing into obstructions before a fall is safely stopped.

Where possible make your anchorage connection above the level of the attachment point on your safety harness.

When making connections to the anchorage point always observe the following: That the screw ferrule on the screw gate hook is fully screwed up into the locked position If using an automatic locking hook ensure that the revolving ferrule has moved into a locked position

The following methods should not be used to make your connection to the anchorage point: Do not tie-off over sharp edges or snap back onto the lanyard Do not tie-off where the hook latch will not fully close Do not knot the lanyard in any manner

Where a much larger working area is required from a single anchorage point than that permitted by the normal lanyard, then a safety harness should be used in conjunction with either fall arrestor blocks or self-locking slide chucks.

If a fall occurs the fall arrest block cannot be used again until a service check has been carried out by the manufacturer.

If a fall occurs the harness and hooks must be destroyed.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 01 SMSP 09

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2.47 Permits to Work

There is an obligation upon employers to provide and maintain a safe place and safe systems of work. Permits to work are a part of a safe system of work. When something is detailed in a permit, staff have a legal duty to comply. The company through its managers or supervisors has issued an instruction. During modifications, repair, inspection or other work of a like nature, safety measures such as guarding or enclosures that are in which are in place during normal operations may have to be disturbed. Alternatively, these operations may require the use of potentially dangerous substances or processes, or place personnel in potentially hazardous conditions. Such activities, whether done as part of a normal periodic scheme or in an emergency, always necessitate some departure from ordinary routine. Unless the activities are carefully planned beforehand, dangerous situations can develop in which persons may be put in jeopardy either by the unwitting actions of others or by their own failure to realise that they are in a position of actual or potential danger. Verbal instructions, requests or promises are always liable to be misheard, misinterpreted or forgotten and must never be regarded as a satisfactory basis for action on which peoples health and safety depend. Experience has shown that, to achieve the maximum degree of safety, the human element must be eliminated as far as possible by using a system that requires formal (i.e. written) action. Such a system is that of the Permit to Work system, which requires that a written and signed statement, to the effect that all necessary action has been taken, shall be in the possession of the person in charge of the operation before the work is begun.

A Permit to Work system consists basically of an organised pre-determined procedure to ensure that from a specific time: The designated location, machinery or plant is safe to work on That nothing is done during the course of the operation to prejudice the safety of the workers involved
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All are aware of the strict limitations to their activities

THE SBD PERMIT TO WORK PROCEDURES & FORMS The company has several permit to work procedures which can be adapted to be project / contract specific and include the following: CONFINED SPACE PERMIT HOT WORK PERMIT CRANE PERMIT PERMIT TO DIG DIVE PERMIT ELECTRICAL-PERMIT RECORD OF HOT WORK PERMIT Never short-cut the permit to work procedure. When the work demands always insist on a correctly and fully completed Permit before starting. Always follow the Permit procedure during the work and when cancelling the Permit. For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 25, 33, 39 & 54 SMSP 15

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2.48 Machinery Safety

Injuries resulting from accidents involving machinery hazards are usually serious and can easily turn out to be fatal. Beware of Injury A person may be injured by machinery through: Coming into contact with it, or being trapped between the machinery and any material in or at the machinery or any fixed structure. Being struck by, or becoming entangled in motion in the machinery. Being struck by parts of the machine ejected from it. Being struck by material ejected from the machine.

Traps There are three principal forms of trap to be aware of: Reciprocating trap featured in the vertical or horizontal motion of machinery such as presses. Shearing trap this is the guillotine effect produced by a moving part traversing a fixed part or by two moving parts traversing each other, e.g. macerator blades, guillotines. In-running nips these are formed where a moving belt or chain engages a roller or toothed wheel, or the point where two revolving rollers meet. These nips can be a hazard on the baggage systems. Beware particularly of nips that are created in die-back situations, i.e. when one belt stops but the adjacent belt keeps running. In this instance a belt junction that would normally eject anything will tend to draw it in. General Procedures There are some basic rules to keep to when working with machinery: Be careful when loading material into a machine, changing tools, or removing waste and scrap. Always ensure the power is switched off first. Isolate the machinery properly, dont rely on the control circuit if it may be overridden. Consider whether the machine could be started by others or even started remotely. Always maintain your concentration when operating the machine. This is especially important when the machine is located in a congested area or one frequented by other personnel as distractions can lead to dangerous situations. Turn the power off before making adjustments, taking measurements, etc. be particularly careful that when testing the machine after making adjustments all the guards have been replaced and you are not in the danger area. Do not reach into the feeding device or danger area of the machine when it is running.

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Beware of unexpected start-up, movement or strike of the machine due to insufficient isolation, faulty control system or mechanical failure.

Beware of unsound or slippery floors that may cause you to fall into the machinery. Access to and egress from the machinery and the working space around it must be kept clear. Lighting around the machinery must be adequate for you to operate it or maintain it.

Always check that guards are correctly and securely fixed. Never operate a machine that has damaged or missing guards.

Regularly check that safety devices such a pull wires, pressure pads, emergency stops, etc are accessible and operating correctly.

Always follow the correct isolation procedure. This may be the subject of a written safe system of work, require a Permit or other certificate of isolation. Points of isolation, such as electrical switches, valves, etc must have notices posted to warn others of the dangers and not to re energise the supplies. This will mean that you should fix your own personal safety locks to points of isolation. If you have misplaced your locks or have not been issued with any check with your supervisor.

Proper and secure isolation of machinery electrical supplies must be carried out on the power circuit, not the control circuit. Do not rely on the emergency stop buttons alone for isolation. (Using emergency stops or control circuit isolators is acceptable in circumstances such as removing a jammed bag when it is only necessary to reach over the belt and lift the bag clear. Any operation that involves climbing onto the belt or cutting the bag free must not be carried out unless full and secure isolation of power circuits takes place).

Only operate machinery if you are authorised and competent to do so. Always ensure that your clothing or hair cannot become entangled in the machine and that items cannot fall out of your pockets into the machinery wear the correct work clothes.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 16, 73 & 74 SMSP 10

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2.49 Battery Maintenance

Every year a number of people are injured when batteries they handle (mostly vehicle batteries) explode, resulting in acid burns to face, eyes and hands, and other injuries. Charging of batteries, even those described as maintenance free gives off flammable hydrogen gas. If this is allowed to collect and a source of ignition (naked flame or spark) is present then the gas and battery will explode. Sparking most often occurs when battery leads are being connected and disconnected. It is important to follow the procedures set out below to prevent such sparking. General Precautions Always wear goggles or a visor when working on batteries. Remove any metallic items from hands, wrists and neck (rings, chains etc.) before working on a battery. Always use insulated tools when working with batteries. Turn off the ignition switch and all other switches or otherwise isolate the battery from the circuit. Always disconnect the earthed terminal first and reconnect it last. Dont rest tools or metallic objects on top of the battery. Always observe the manufacturers instructions for charging batteries. Charging should take place in a well ventilated area. Do not smoke or bring naked flames into the charging area. This area needs to be a designated charging area. Make sure the battery is topped up to the correct level. Make sure the charger is switched off or disconnected from its power supply before connecting the charging leads. The leads must be connected positive to positive and negative to negative. Make sure the charging leads are firmly and securely clamped in position before switching on the charger. Always switch off the charger before adjusting the leads. Vent plugs may need to be adjusted before charging. Follow the manufacturers instructions. Do not exceed the recommended rate of charging. When charging is complete, switch off the charger before disconnecting the charging leads.

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Electrically powered vehicles use large and heavy battery units, which are designed for the particular vehicle. They will normally have purpose designed connectors for coupling between battery, charger and vehicle, which ensure correct connection. The same principles of safe operation apply to the charging of these batteries as apply to the smaller batteries.

Always use the correct charging unit as specified by the manufacturer for the vehicle/battery. Ensure all electrical circuits are switched off before connecting/disconnecting batteries. Raise the battery cover to aid ventilation during charging.

For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 29 SMSP 12, 13 and 18

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2.50 Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment

It is a requirement that employers must assess the risks to anyone who might be affected by their working activities. Regulations aside, a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment approach to our daily work is a very sensible habit to get into. Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment does not have to be a song and dance carried out by safety professionals. It can be equally effective when carried out in your head before you start each job. For high risk operations it is necessary to record the Hazard / Impact Risk Assessments in writing, review them regularly or when they cease to be valid or when changes to the operation occur. Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment process Hazard / Impact Risk Assessments on their own are not safe systems of work, merely one part. Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment can be split into three different stages: Identification of all the hazards. Evaluation of all the risks (i.e. are the existing precautions good enough) Implementation of new measures to eliminate or control the risks.

Hazard is usually defined as something with the potential to cause harm (whether that be to a person, building or equipment) Risk is the likelihood of that harm actually happening. Risk therefore reflects both the likelihood that harm will occur and its severity.

Identification So, how can we apply this technique to our working day? Simply by asking ourselves these three questions: 1. What are all the hazards associated with the job? 2. How likely is it that harm will occur and how severe could that harm be? 3. What do we need to do to totally remove or control the risks in order to carry out the job safely?

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Let us apply this technique to an everyday task such as changing a light bulb or fluorescent tube. (Trainers: go through this example with your trainees they may bring up other hazards not mentioned here). First, we identify all the hazards associated with the task: Electric shock Fall from height Cuts from broken glass Inhalation of dangerous substances (from fluorescent tubes).

Evaluation Next, we evaluate the risks of these hazards actually causing harm and decide whether they are high, medium or low risk. Electric shock: probable if metal part of bulb is touched (medium risk) Fall from height: probable if not using the correct equipment to reach the bulb (medium risk) Cut from broken glass: possible if the bulb is stuck and force is used to get it out (low risk) Inhalation: possible if the tube is smashed (low risk).

Implementation Finally, we decide what we should do to eliminate or control the risks so that the job can be carried out safely and without unnecessary delays. These things may already be in place or you may have to improve on what is there. Electric shock: isolate the electricity supply. Fall from height: use the correct equipment to get up to the bulb (steps, beanstalk, mobile tower etc. Do not over-reach from a ladder or stand on makeshift platforms). Cut from broken glass: do not use excessive force to remove the bulb. Inhalation: dispose of the bulb or tube in the correct manner.

You can see that this is a simple, common sense way of preparing to carry out the job and is in fact what our safer colleagues do all the time. It doesnt take more than a moment and will help keep you and your work mates safe.

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For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment Manual SMSP 09

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2.51 Gas Monitors

Gas monitors are used to test the atmosphere to ensure it is safe for personnel to work in. Fatal accidents occur frequently in situations where gas monitors should be used but for one reason or another are not. Gas monitors must be used at all times when there is a possibility of the atmosphere in the area changing and becoming a hazard. The monitors check for low oxygen, explosive gases and toxic gases. Before taking a gas monitor ensure it is fully charged and that when switched on the self-test returns a satisfactory result. If the self-test is incorrect do not use the unit; it may just need recharging but if not return it to your supervisor for servicing. Gas monitors must be used prior to entry and when working in confined spaces.. Using a gas monitor Switch on the gas monitor before entering the confined space. Check that the self-test is satisfactorily completed. The monitor must be placed, or lowered, into the confined space (without entering the space yourself), and left for a minimum of five minutes. When working correctly the monitor will bleep every few seconds and an indicator lamp will flash. Check the monitor for a satisfactory reading before entering the space. The monitor must remain switched on and sampling for the duration of the work. If walking through or moving around a large space the monitor should be carried with you. When working in the space it should be placed close to you. If the monitor sounds the alarm (rapid bleeping and flashing) personnel must evacuate the space immediately by the nearest exit. Do not stop to pick up equipment or tools but take the monitor with you if possible. The above procedure must be carried out before re-entering the space.

Maintaining a gas monitor Always clean the monitor after use.

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Discharge the battery fully once a month. Recharge fully before use. Monitors require servicing and calibration by the manufacturer every six months. If any faults develop between services, the monitor must be returned to the manufacturer for repair. Always treat the gas monitor with care as it is a sensitive and delicate piece of equipment. You can rely on it for your personal safety it may recognise a danger that you cannot.

Remember look after your gas monitor and it will look after you.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 33, 41 and 71 SMSP 08, 09, 12 and 18

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2.52 Office Safety

Do not overload filing cabinets; only pull out one drawer at a time. Cabinets can tip over quite easily. Check trip hazards, trailing cables, leads, worn carpets etc. Do not obstruct fire exits. Do not run along corridors walk. Throw waste paper in the baskets provided. Not on the floor. Always extinguish cigarettes in the correct ash- trays. Do not empty hot ash- trays into waste paper baskets.

Check your fire drill notice; make sure of your assembly point. Make sure fire extinguishers are in place. Do not lick envelopes, this can cause sore and cut tongues. Only use equipment as the manufacturers intended. Know your appointed fire warden/s. Check where your first aid station is situated. Check your emergency fire procedures drill.

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 45 and 48 SMSP 05, 08 and 13

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2.53 Working with Display Screens

The majority of staff today have to spend time working with VDUs. In the past VDUs have been blamed for a number of problems. It is, however, not normally VDUs that cause a problem but the manner in which they are used, e.g. poorly arranged work stations, inadequate lighting, poor posture, etc.

Working for long periods at VDU workstations can sometimes cause headaches or stress. Similarly, in a few cases, some people develop eye fatigue or painful joints/wrists.

It is worthwhile, therefore, taking the time and trouble to plan the work and workstations to avoid possible problems occurring.

If you suffer regular headaches or eye fatigue or painful joints, visit the Medical Centre. An eye test can also be arranged at the Medical Centre.

Tips for a good VDU workstation

Make sure there is enough space underneath your desk in order for you to be able to move your legs freely. Move boxes and equipment that cause an obstacle.

Adjust your chair in order to find a comfortable position for you to be able to work. Your chair should also have a good back rest.

Adjust your keyboard and screen to a suitable keying position. Although wrist-rests are obtainable a gap in front of the keyboard is just as good to serve as a wrist-rest when not keying in.

Try different layouts that suit you and your work task. Experiment with alternative positions for your key board, screen and, if you have one, document holder.

Ensure lighting is adequate. Eliminate glare from windows and lights. Make sure you have enough space to work comfortably. Ensure that the width of your desk is adequate.

Use a light touch when using the keyboard. Dont stretch your fingers or thump down hard on keys. Dont sit at your workstation for long periods. Take breaks and plan your tasks in order to avoid prolonged stretches of VDU work. Being stuck on a VDU station for long periods can sometimes cause headaches and stress.

Arrange for the repair of faults such as flickering characters, etc. Keep the screen clean.

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For further information:

HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 48 SMSP 09 VDU / DSE Self Assessment

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2.54 Environmental Matters In preparation (allowing 1 page)

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2.55
MEWPS(Mobile Elevated Working Platforms)

Introduction: MEWPs of various types are used to gain access quickly and are very useful items of plant when used correctly if not they can cause serious injury or death with very little movement. Basic Procedure: Carry out a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment MEWPs be inspected and certified Operators must be trained and certified in the use of these machines Always carry out a visual inspection before use Operational checks of the machine must be carried out before work starts A hazard assessment of each operating area must be carried out before work starts Barrier off the work area Use a banks man when moving a machine Never exceed the SWL of the machine Secure tools and materials so they can not fall out Always wear a full body harness and clip on to the machines basket Keep away from high level obstructions e. g. electrical cables Do not use in confined space (exhaust fumes can kill) Observe the wind speed and weather conditions stop work if they become unacceptable Ensure ground conditions are acceptable for the machine Ensure the machine is stable before use Always use outriggers where fitted Always turn the engine off before refuelling The manufactures instructions must be followed at all times

For further information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA06 SMSP 10, 17 & 37

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2.56 Alcohol and Drugs

The use of alcohol and drugs can impair your capabilities and personal/other employees safety whilst at work. No employee or sub-contractor shall: Report for duty in an unfit state due to the use of alcohol or drugs whilst at work. Be in possession of drugs or alcohol whilst at work or on duty. Consume alcohol or drugs whilst at work or on duty. Take any prescribed drugs that may have a detrimental effect on their work and may have safety implications for themselves and/or others. Be in possession of drugs or alcohol whilst at work or on duty. Consume alcohol or drugs whilst at work or on duty. Take any prescribed drugs that may have a detrimental effect on their work and may have safety implications for themselves and/or others. No departure from these rules will be tolerated and appropriate disciplinary action in the event of any infringement will be taken. The Company is required by law to report nay incidence of possession / dealing of illegal drugs immediately to the police and there is no alternative to this procedure. The Company will use the formal Disciplinary Procedure to handle breach of the Alcohol and Drugs Policy. The main reasons for the use of this procedure include the following: Non disclosure or belated disclosure of a drug or alcohol related problem. If help is refused and / or impaired performance continues. Safety and environment related cases. Gross misconduct Possessions / dealing.

For further Information: Refer to HSE Manager/Officer SMSP 19

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2.57 Working At Height

Introduction: Work that can not be done from the ground means working at height which requires a safe work platform suite able for the task. There is no safe height to fall from. Basic Procedure: Carry out a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment Work platforms must be constructed correctly by competent persons Ladders must be lashed Full body harness with shock absorbing lanyard must be worn when appropriate Work platforms must be kept clear of excess materials and tools The standard of lighting must be very high casting no shadows Never work alone and check with your work mates frequently All workforce trained in the use of their PPE All workforce must understand the emergency procedures Never throw material or tools down from height Edge protection must be provided Running line must be used at the leading edge Anchor points must be strong enough to take the weight and loading Openings must be covered or guarded Use roof crawl boards Safety nets should be rigged All workforce trained in the inspection of their PPE Drip trays may be required Brick guards may be required Debris fans may be required Equipment and personnel hoists may be required

For further Information: Refer to HSE Manager/Officer HIRA 01

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2.58 Waste Management

Introduction: Good housekeeping is an essential part of site safety. Accumulated waste turns into risks to heath and safety from incidents and damage to disease, rats and snakes. Basic Procedure: Carry out a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment Implement a waste management system Separate different waste into different skips Keep COSHH waste completely separate Remove nails from scrap timber to avoid injuries to other people Lightweight waste must be prevented from being blown by the wind Waste at height must be returned to the ground in a safe manner Access to skips must be kept clear Skip area must be barried off with correct signage Never overload a skip or you may not be able to move it Remove general waste as soon as reasonably practicable (burning of waste is forbidden Hazardous waste e.g. asbestos must be removed by a municipality licensed contractor Place food waste bins with tight fitting lids in eating areas Remove food waste in secured bins daily to help prevent rats and snakes Recycle waste as much as possible Use waste shoot from heights Place lights around skip areas at night Document all waste removal Never put LPG or aerosol cans in with general waste Waste areas fumigated as per municipality regulations

For further Information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 32 SMSP 29

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2.59 Temporary Roadworks In Preparation (allowing 1 page)

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2.60 Trainees and Young Persons In preparation (allowing 1 page)

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2.61 Vibration White Finger In preparation (allowing 1 page)

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2.62 Hand Held Circular Saws In Preparation

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2.63 Hearing Protection In Preparation (allowing 1 page)

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2.64 Legionella (Legionnairres Disease)

Instructions to men working in contact with water systems Whenever you go to your doctors or a hospital on account of illness, explain your occupation to those attending to you.

What is Legionella? Legionnaires Disease This is a serious and sometimes fatal disease. It is caused by bacteria growing in stagnant water, with sediment or sludge build-up. It can occur in ANY plant or system that contains water at a temperature >200C, which then may be released as a spray or aerosol and inhaled. It has recently been associated with air-conditioning systems.

What are the symptoms? The disease starts with flu-like illness, such as high fever, chills, headache and muscle pain. A dry cough can also develop, which can lead to difficulty in breathing. In some cases vomiting and diarrhoea may develop.

Who is at risk? Anyone who works in an environment where water aerosols/sprays are released or anyone who maintains water systems. Legionalla also occurs in soil, rivers and streams but most recently has been associated with hospitals and hotels, where air conditioning units have been used.

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How might I catch it? The bacteria are transmitted through inhalation of airborne droplets of stagnant water. There is no evidence that it can be ingested or transmitted from person to person.

How can I avoid it? Make sure the water tanks are covered and that sludge or sediment is removed. Avoid the release of water spray. Ensure that the water temperature is >600C and has been treated with a suitable biocide. Ensure that suitable Personal Protective Equipment is used. If you suspect that a water system is contaminated, REPORT IT to your supervisor.

What else can I do? Report any illness to your doctor. Tell the doctor about your work, the earlier you are treated, the better. If your doctor decides you have Legionella, you must tell your employer, who must then inform the relevant authorities.

For further Information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 88 SMSP 01, 02 & 18

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2.65 Classes of Fire and Use of Fire Extinguishers

Fire kills over 1000 people every year and injures many more. It destroys jobs and property and costs millions of pounds in insurance claims. Once a fire has started, it is important to understand the types of fire extinguishers and classes of fire they can be used on. Classes of Fire CLASS A: Carbonaceous material On a construction site, the following are typical sources of fuel for this class of fire;

Cardboard, paper, cloth etc Wood Dirty and oily rags and clothes Packaging materials

A water extinguisher should be used, with the jet of water aimed at the base of the fire first and then progressively moved over the whole burning area. Always remove the material from the source of heat where possible. CLASS B: Flammable liquids These are typically: Petrol or diesel Oil Paraffin Solvent based paint Resins and adhesives A foam or dry powder extinguisher should be used. If the fire is contained, then use foam, with the jet directed at the back of the container. This allows a blanket of foam to build up and spread across the surface. If the fire is flowing e.g. diesel spillage, then use dry powder, directing the jet at the front of the fire. These methods cover the fire with a blanket to cut off the supply of oxygen to the fire. The blanket should not be disturbed until the liquid has cooled. NEVER use water, as it will react violently with the liquid and may result in an explosion

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CLASS C: Flammable gases These include: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Propane Butane Natural gas These fires can be dealt with dry powder, foam or carbon dioxide BUT there is always a risk of explosion so extreme caution is required. If a fire starts, then call the fire brigade and attempt to turn off the cylinder or gas valve. If that is not possible then try and cool the cylinder with water until the fire brigade arrives. If the cylinder appears to be glowing, then evacuate IMMEDIATELY If you are not sure whether you can deal with this situation, evacuate the area and wait for the fire brigade. CLASS D: Combustible metals These include: Phosphorus Sodium Magnesium Fighting these fires are best dealt with trained personnel and specially formulated powders. As a last resort, DRY sand or earth maybe used to cover the burning area Never look directly into the fire as it may damage the eyes due to the intense brightness. NEVER use water as this may cause an explosion. Electrical Fires These fires can be dealt with carbon dioxide or dry powder. Attempt to switch of the electricity supply before fighting the fire and do not approach closer than 1 metre of the fire, where the supply has not been switched off. Direct the jet over one edge of the fire and sweep across the fire to the other edge, repeating this until the fire is extinguished. NEVER use water on an electrical fire as there is a risk of electrocution. Further Information Refer to HSE Manager/Officer SMSP13

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2.66 Types of Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers can be identified by the colour of either the whole body of the cylinder or the panel on the cylinder. All NEW extinguishers will now have red cylinders with the panel on the side of the extinguisher denoting its contents and this will be colour coded according to the type. This standard does not apply to old extinguishers and they can still be used provided they are inspected and tested regularly. The colour coding identifying the contents of a fire extinguisher have NOT changed and these are as follows: Extinguisher type Water Foam Carbon Dioxide Dry Powder Colour (Either the whole cylinder or the panel) Red Cream Black Blue

You may come across halon fire extinguishers which are emerald green. These are gradually being phased out due to the alleged impact halon and other CFCs have on the ozone layer. For further Information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 46 SMSP 08 and 13

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2.67 Electric Welding

Introduction: Electric welding is the most common form or welding in the UAE and although less hazardous than gas welding, is still a dangerous activity if all precautions are not taken. Basic Procedure: Carry out a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment Hot work permit must be issued and followed Use only trained and certified welders Use full welders PPE Trained fire watch in place with appropriate fire extinguishers Remove or protect all combustible materials and fuel Protect work platforms from weld spatter Use non flammable blinds to protect others from ark eye Inspection of all equipment must be carried out before use Welding machines must be earthed Damaged cables, electrode holders, clamps and fittings must be replaced immediately Equipment must be switched off when not in use or being moved Emergency stop switches shall be easily identified and accessible Routing of the cables from the machine to the workface must be carefully identified to ensure the cables dont create a hazard Do not leave spent rods lying around Cables are to be coiled up and kept with the machine when work is finished Manufacturer operations and service instructions must be followed Random inspection of welding equipment recorded in a log

For further Information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to HIRA 21, 22 & 47 SMSP 26

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2.68 Duty Of Care

Introduction: A critical element of the role supervisor is to ensure that you complete your responsibilities of Duty of Care towards the employee. This is a legal responsibility of the employer to ensure that the work is conducted in a safe manner and that the employee is not exposed to unnecessary risk. The following are expectations with regards to your responsibilities: Basic Procedure: Carry out a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment of all types of activity Ensure you provide: Safe methods of work Safe plant and equipment Safe hand and power tools Information e.g. pre job briefing Instruction e.g. tool box talks Training Supervision e.g. doing your job A safe place of work with safe access/egress A safe work environment with welfare facilities Compliance with the law Safeguard your own safety and heath and those who will be affected by your decisions All supervisors from Managing Director to charge-hand need to be informed if they put an employee into an unsafe condition they are responsible for the consequences

For further Information: HSE Manager/Officer

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2.69 Welfare
Introduction: Adequate welfare facilities must be provided on all sites. The provision of toilets, wash basins, eating areas, smoking area, shaded area, cool room and water stations are essential for the well-being of site employees. Basic Procedure: Carry out a Hazard / Impact Risk Assessment find the best location Implement the waste management system Fire extinguishers as per civil defence regulations There must be enough toilets and wash basins for all employees Toilets blocks must be kept clean and maintained Septic tanks must be barriered off and signage put in place Septic tanks must be the correct capacity and emptied before they overflow Septic tanks must be removed as soon as they are out of operation Shaded/eating areas must have washable flooring Chairs and tables must provided and be washable Food must be handled and stored in hygienic conditions Place food waste bins with tight fitting lids in eating areas Provide a smoking area with fireproof ashtrays All areas must be kept clean and maintained Cool room must be available especially during hot months Easy access to water stations must be available Design welfare facilities with wind and weather conditions in mind e.g. septic tank location

For further Information: HSE Manager/Officer Refer to SMSP 11

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