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UT Books 1

This document provides 12 formulas related to ultrasonic testing. The formulas calculate variables such as velocity, impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, wave velocities, near field, beam spread, decibel values, and angle beam calculations.

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Rakesh Srivastava
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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207 views4 pages

UT Books 1

This document provides 12 formulas related to ultrasonic testing. The formulas calculate variables such as velocity, impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, wave velocities, near field, beam spread, decibel values, and angle beam calculations.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Srivastava
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT) USEFUL FORMULAE

1. Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in a medium (V) = f x l OR

Where f = Number of cycles per second is called frequency. Measured in Hertz. Abbreviated as Hz. One Hertz is equivalent to One cycle per second l = Distance covered in one cycle is wavelength V= Velocity of Ultrasonic wave inside the medium in mm/s 2. Acoustic Impedance (Z) = V x r Where: Z= r= V= Acoustic Impedance Density Velocity

3. Reflection Coefficient

Where: R = Reflection Coefficient Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1 Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2

TRINITY NDT
Visit us: www.trinityndt.com
2011-12

Material Testing & NDT I Training& Certification I Consulting

Page 1 of 4
For refererence only. TINT is not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if any.

4. Transmission coefficient T = 4 Z1Z2/ (Z1+Z2)2 Where: R = Reflection Coefficient Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1 Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2 5. Longitudinal Wave Velocity

Where: VL = E = r = m = Longitudinal Wave Velocity Modulus of Elasticity Density Poisson's Ratio

6. Shear Wave Velocity

Where: Vs = E = r = m = G= Shear Wave Velocity Modulus of Elasticity Density Poisson's Ratio Shear Modulus

7. Refraction - Snell's Law: That is the ratio of sine of the angle to the respective wave velocities are proportional.

Where: qI = qR = V1 = V2 = Angle of the Incident Wave Angle of the Reflected Wave Velocity of Incident Wave Velocity of Reflected Wave

TRINITY NDT
Visit us: www.trinityndt.com
2011-12

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Material Testing & NDT I Training& Certification I Consulting

For refererence only. TINT is not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if any.

8. Near Field

Where: N D l V = = = = Near Field Transducer Diameter Wavelength Velocity

9. Beam Spread Half Angle

Where: l D V F = = = = Wavelength Transducer Diameter Velocity Frequency

10. Decibel (dB) Gain or Loss

Where: dB = Decibel P1 = Pressure Amplitude 1 P2 = Pressure Amplitude 2 11. Angle Beam testing of Pipe t= d(1- Sin ) 2 2t d
d = O.D. of Pipe = Probe angle

Sin = 1-

t = Maximum wall thickness

TRINITY NDT
Visit us: www.trinityndt.com
2011-12

Page 3 of 4

Material Testing & NDT I Training& Certification I Consulting

For refererence only. TINT is not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if any.

12. Formulae for Angle Beam Calculations = Sound beam refracted angle in the test material T = Thickness of the test material

Skip Distance S = 2T x tan

V-Path Length 2T cos

V-Path =

Leg Length T cos

Leg =

Surface Distnace SD = sin x Soundpath Length

Depth in First Leg Depth (1st Leg) = cos x Sound path Length

Depth in Second Leg Depth (2nd Leg) = 2T (cos x Sound path Length)

TRINITY NDT
Visit us: www.trinityndt.com
2011-12

Material Testing & NDT I Training& Certification I Consulting

Plot No. V-22(A), 2nd Stage, Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore - 560 058, INDIA.
Phone: +91 99009 29439, 98441 29439, Telefax: +91-80-28366466, e-mail: [email protected] Page 4 of 4
For refererence only. TINT is not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if any.

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