What is a desktop?

Prepared by Sengupta Chandan Sukumar

Aurovindo Nagar Bankura – 722101

West Bengal

Can you explain the Windows 98 desktop?

Yes.

Taskbar By default, the taskbar is located on the

bottom edge of the desktop. You can
click on the taskbar and drag it to other
locations. The Start button, active
program buttons, icons for quick access
to programs, and the current time are
located on the taskbar.

My Computer The My Computer icon provides access

to the resources on your computer. You
can access your drives and other
peripherals by clicking on the My
Computer icon. You can also access the
Control Panel through My Computer.
 Internet Explorer The Internet Explorer icon launches the
Internet Explorer browser.

Network Neighborhood If you are working on a network,

Network Neighborhood displays all of
the computers on the network.

The Recycle Bin When you delete an object, Windows 98

sends it to the Recycle Bin. You can
restore objects that are located in the
Recycle Bin or you can permanently
delete them.

My Briefcase My Briefcase is used to coordinate files

between two computers.

Shortcut icon Icons with an arrow in the lower left

corner are shortcut icons. Click on the
icon for quick access to the object they
represent (program, document, printer,
and so on).

Program, Folder, and Program, folder, and document icons do

Document icons not have an arrow in the lower left
corner. They represent the actual object
and provide direct access to the object.

How do I shut down my computer?

To shut down your computer:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Click on Shutdown. The Shut Down Windows dialog box will appear.
3. Click on the Shut Down radio button.
4. Click on OK.

How do I restart my computer?

To shutdown and immediately restart your computer:

 1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.
2. Click on Shut Down. The Shut Down Windows dialog box will appear.
3. Click on the Restart radio button.
4. Click on OK.

What is Standby mode?

When your computer is in the Standby mode, your computer consumes less electricity but
is ready for immediate use. If the computer loses electrical power while in the standby
mode, any information you have not saved will be lost.

How do I put my computer in Standby mode?

To put your computer in Standby mode:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Click on Shutdown. The Shut Down Windows dialog box will appear.
3. Click on the Stand By radio button.
4. Click on OK.

How do I start a program?

To start a program:

1. Click on the Start button, located in the lower left corner of your screen.
2. Highlight Programs. The Program menu will appear.
3. Move to the Program menu and highlight the program you want to start. If you see a
right pointer next to your selection, a submenu will appear. Refine your choice by
highlighting the appropriate selection on the submenu. Continue until you get to the
final menu.
4. Click on the program name to start the program.

How do I add an item located on my desktop to the Start or to a Program

menu?

To add an item on the desktop to the Start or to a Program menu:

1. Left-click on the item, and drag the item on top of the Start button.
2. Release the left mouse button when the Start menu appears.
3. The item will appear on the Start menu.
4. If you would prefer to have the item on a Program or submenu of the Start menu,
drag the item from the Start menu to the Program or submenu.

How do I add an item located in Windows Explorer to the Start or to a

Program menu?
To add an item located in Windows Explorer to the Start or to a Program menu:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Click on Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Taskbar & Start Menu. A dialog box will appear.
4. Click on the Start Menu Programs tab.
5. Click on the Add button.
6. Type the path to the item you want to add, or use Browse to navigate to the item.
7. Click on Next.
8. Double-click on the appropriate folder.
9. Click on Finish.
10. Click on OK.

How do I remove an item from the Start or from a Program menu?

To remove an item from the Start or from a Program menu:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Click on Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Taskbar & Start Menu. A dialog box will appear.
4. Click on the Start Menu Programs tab.
5. Click on the Remove button.
6. Find and click on the item you want to remove.
7. Click on the Remove button.
8. Click on Close.
9. Click on OK.

How do I copy an item that is located on the Start or on a Program menu?

To copy an item located on the Start or on a Program menu:

1. Highlight the item.

2. Right-click.
3. Left-click on Copy.

How do I rename an item on the Start or on a Program menu?

To rename an item on the Start or on a Program menu:

1. Highlight the item.

2. Right-click on the item.
3. Click on Rename. The Rename dialog box appears.
4. Type the new name in the field New Name

How do I delete a file from the Start or from a Program menu?

To delete a file from the Start or from a Program menu:

1. Highlight the item.

2. Right-click.
3. Left-click on Delete.

How do I re-sort the Start or a Program menu?

To resort the Program menu:

1. Go to the menu.
2. Right-click.
3. Click on Sort By Name.

Note: Not all menus can be re-sorted.

What is the Favorites option on the Start menu for?

You can use the Favorites option on the Start menu to quickly move to files, programs, or
Web sites. When you bookmark a Web page in Internet Explorer, the bookmark is listed on
the Favorites menu. To add a file or program to the Favorites menu, create a shortcut and
then move the shortcut to the Favorites menu.

How do I quickly find files and folders?

To quickly find a file or folder:

1. Click on the Start button.

2. Highlight Find.
3. Highlight Files or Folders.
4. Press Enter. The dialog box shown here will appear. You do not need to complete
every field. Only enter the criteria you want to use for your search.
Field Entry Type

Name & Location Tab

Named Enter the filename, the first few letters

of the filename, or any letters found in
the file name. Use the * as a wild card.
For example, to find all of the files that
begin with r and end in the extension
.doc, enter r*.doc. To find files that
begin with resume and have any
extension, enter resume.*.

Containing Text If you are looking for a file that has a

specific word or phrase in the file, enter
the word or phrase in this field.

Look In Select the drive or folder you want to

search.

Check this box if you want subfolders to

Include Subfolders
be searched

Click on the Browse button to manually

Browse select the drive and folder to be
searched.

Date Tab

All Files Select this option if you do not want to

restrict your search to a specific date or
period.

Find All Files Select from Modified, Created, or Last

Accessed. Select Modified to find all
files modified since the date criteria you
enter, select Created to find all files
created since the date criteria you enter,
or select Last Accessed to find all files
accessed since the date criteria you enter.

Between/During the Specify the date search criteria you want

Previous to use. Between allows you to search for
files modified, created, or accessed
between two dates. During allows you to
search for files modified, created, or
 accessed during the previous number of
days or months you specify.

Advanced Tab

Of Type Select a file type from the drop-down

menu.

Size Is Select from At Least and At Most and

specify the size criteria you want to use
in your search.

Name & Location Tab

Find Now Click on Find Now to start your search.

Stop Click on Stop to abort your search.

New Search Click on New Search to clear your

present criteria and start a new search.

What is the most recently used document list?

As you work, Windows 98 tracks the last 15 files you used. It lists these files on the most
recently used document list. To view the most recently used document list:

1. Click on Start.
2. Highlight Documents. The most recently used documents will display.

To open a file listed on the most recently used document list, click on the file name.

How do I clear my most recently used document list?

To clear the most recently used document list:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings.
3. Click on Taskbar & Start menu. A dialog box will appear.
4. Click on the Start Menu Program tab.
5. Click on Clear.

Where are the games?

Four games are included with Windows 98. They are FreeCell, Hearts, Minesweeper, and
Solitaire. To access the games:
 1. Click on the Start button, which is located in the lower left corner of the screen. The
Start menu will appear.
2. Highlight Programs. A submenu will appear.
3. Highlight Accessories. Another submenu will appear.
4. Highlight Games. Another submenu will appear.
5. Click on the game you want to play.

How do I change the date and/or time?

To change the date and/or time:

1. Click on the Start button, which is located in the lower left corner of the screen. The
Start menu will appear.
2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Control Panel. The Control Panel will open.
4. Click on Date/Time. The Date/Time Properties dialog box will appear.

5. In the Date frame, select the month and year.

6. In the Month field, click to open the drop-down menu and select the current month.
7. Type the year in the Year field or use the arrows next to the field to move forward or
backward until you get to the current year.
8. The Time field is divided into four segments: hour, minutes, seconds, and AM and
PM. To make an adjustment:
 9. Click in the segment and either type in the correct information or use the arrow keys
on the right side to select the correct hour, minute, second or AM or PM.
10. Select the correct time zone from the drop-down menu.
11. If you want the clock to automatically adjust to daylight saving time, check the box
on the screen.
12. Click on the Apply button.
13. Click on OK.

How do I install a new printer?

To install a new printer:

1. Make sure your printer is plugged in, connected to your computer, turned on, and
has paper in it.
2. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.
3. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
4. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
5. Double-click on Add Printer. The Add Printer Wizard will open.
6. Click on Next. A dialog box will open.
7. Select the appropriate option, either Local Printer or Network Printer.
8. Click on Next. A dialog box will open.
9. Select the manufacturer of your printer from the Manufacturers list box.
10. Select the model of your printer from the Printers list box. If your printer is not on
the list, contact the manufacturer to obtain the proper drivers.
11. Click on Next. You might be prompted to insert the Windows CD so the necessary
files can be copied from it.
12. Select the correct port from the available ports list box. The most commonly used
ports are LPT1 and COM1 (or COM with some other number). Use LPT1 if your
printer uses a parallel cable. If you need to use the COM, click on the Configure
Port button. Use the documentation for your printer to determine the correct
settings.
13. Click on Next. A dialog box will appear.
14. Accept the printer that defaults, or type in a new printer name. The name you
choose will appear under the Printer icon and in program dialog boxes.
15. Select "Yes" in the "Do you want Windows based programs to use this as the
default printer?" field, if you want this printer to be your default printer.
16. Click on Next.
17. You will be prompted: "Would you like to print a test page?" Select "Yes."
18. Click on Finish. After a minute or two, your test page should print

How do I cancel a print job?

To cancel a print job:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
 3. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
4. Double-click on the printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window
will open.
5. Click on the job you want to stop. If you want to stop more than one job, hold down
the Control key while you click on the additional jobs.
6. Click on Document, which is located on the menu bar.
7. Click on Cancel.

How do I cancel every print job?

To cancel every print job :

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
4. Double-click on the printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window
will open.
5. Click on Printer, which is located on the menu bar.
6. Click on Purge Print Documents.

How do I temporarily stop selected jobs from printing?

To temporarily stop selected jobs from printing:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
4. Double-click on the printer to which you sent the print job. The Printer window will
open.
5. Click on the document you want to pause. If you want to pause more than one
document, hold down the Control key as you select the additional documents.
6. Click on Document, which is located on the menu bar.
7. Click on Pause Printing. A checkmark should appear next to Pause Printing.

How do I restart print jobs I temporarily stopped?

To restart a print job you temporarily stopped:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
4. Double-click on the printer to which you sent the print job. The Printer window will
open.
5. Click on the documents you paused. If more than one document has been paused,
hold down the Ctrl key as you click on the additional documents.
6. Click on Document, which is located on the menu bar.
 7. Click on Pause Printing. The checkmark next to Pause Printing should disappear.

How do I temporarily stop all jobs from printing?

To temporarily stop all jobs from printing:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
4. Double-click on the Printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window
will open.
5. Click on Printer, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
6. Click on Pause Printing. A checkmark should appear next to Pause Printing.

I temporarily stopped all of the print jobs, now I want to restart them. How
do I do that?

To restart a print queue that has been stopped:

1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will appear.

2. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Printers. The Printer control panel will appear.
4. Double-click on the printer to which you sent the print job. The Printer window will
open.
5. Click on Printer, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
6. Click on Pause Printing. The checkmark next to Pause Printing should disappear.

What is a desktop shortcut?

A desktop shortcut, usually represented by an icon, is a small file that points to a program,
folder, document, or Internet location. Clicking on a shortcut icon takes you directly to the
object to which the shortcut points. Shortcut icons contain a small arrow in their lower left
corner. Shortcuts are merely pointers�deleting a shortcut will not delete the item to which
the shortcut points.

How do I create a desktop shortcut?

To create a shortcut to an item located on the Start menu:

1. Click on Start. The Start menu will appear.

2. Locate the item to which you want to create a shortcut. If the item is located on a
submenu, go to the submenu.
3. Right-click and drag the item to your desktop.

To create a shortcut to items visible to Windows Explorer:

 1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. Minimize the Windows Explorer window.
3. Locate in Windows Explorer the item to which you want to create a shortcut.
4. Hold down the right mouse button and drag the item onto the desktop.
5. Release the right mouse button. A context menu will appear.
6. Click on Create Shortcut(s) Here.

How do I turn a Web link into a desktop shortcut?

To turn a Web link into a desktop shortcut, click on the link in your browser window
(usually underlined text) and drag it to the desktop. An icon will appear on your desktop.
When you click on the icon, your browser will open and you will go directly to the Web
page.

How does the desktop shortcut wizard work?

1. Right-click on the desktop. The context menu will appear.

2. Click on New. A submenu will appear.
3. Click on Shortcut. The Create Shortcut menu appears.
4. Type in the location and name of the item to which you want to create a shortcut.
Alternatively, browse to find the item.
5. Click on Next. A dialog box will appear.
6. Accept the default name or type in a new name.
7. Click on Finish.

How do I rename a desktop shortcut?

To rename a shortcut:

1. Right-click on the shortcut.

2. Click on Rename.
3. Type the new name.

How do I delete a desktop shortcut?

To delete a shortcut:

1. Click on the shortcut.

2. Press the delete key.

How do I change the icon associated with an object?

To change the icon associated with an object:

1. Right-click on the icon. The context menu will appear.

2. Click on Properties.
 3. Click on the Change Icon button.
4. Click on the icon of your choice.
5. Click on OK.

Note: Not all icons can be changed. If you do not see the Change Icon button, the icon can
not be changed.

What is wallpaper?

Wallpaper is the background that displays on your desktop. If you have your desktop set to
View as a Web Page, your wallpaper can be an image or an HTML file. If your desktop is
not set to View as a Web page, wallpaper can only be an image.

How do I set my desktop to view as a Web page?

To set your desktop to view as a Web page.

1. Right-click on your desktop. A menu will appear.

2. Highlight Active Desktop.
3. If View As a Menu has a checkmark next to it, your desktop is already being viewed
as a Web page. If View As a Web Page does not have a checkmark next to it, click
on View As a Web Page.

How do I change my wallpaper?

To change your wallpaper:

1. Right-click on your desktop.

2. Highlight Active Desktop.
3. Click on Customize My Desktop.
4. Click on the Background tab.
5. Select the wallpaper you want from the list that appears in the Select an HTML
Document or Picture box.

Note: If you would like to display an image you created, you can click on Browse
to find the image. If you have your desktop set to view as a Web page, you can
display any file with a .bmp, .dib, .rle, gif, or jpeg extension. If not, you can display
any image with a .bmp, .dib, or .rle extension.

6. Select how you want your image to appear on the screen. Choose from the
following:

Center Place the image in the center of the screen.

Tile Have the image display as tiles across and down the
 screen.

Stretch Stretch the image so the image covers the entire

screen.

What is a font?

A font is a set of characters represented in a single typeface. Each character within a font is
created by using the same basic style.

Can you explain font size?

Fonts are measured in points. There are 72 points to an inch. The number of points assigned
to a font is based on the distance from the top to the bottom of its longest character.

How do I install a new font?

To install a new font:

1. Click on the Start button.

2. Highlight Settings.
3. Click on Control Panel.
4. Click on Fonts. The Fonts window opens.
5. Click on File, which is located on the menu bar.
6. Click on Install New Font.
7. Specify the drive and folder where the font you want to install is currently located.
8. Select the font you want to install from the fonts listed in the List of Fonts box.
9. Select Copy Fonts to Fonts Folder (this will put a copy of the font you are installing
in the Fonts folder).
10. Click on OK.

What is the Character Map?

The Character Map displays the characters available in a selected font. To view the
Character Map dialog box:

1. Click on the Start button.

2. Click on Programs.
3. Click on Accessories.
4. Click on System Tools.
5. Click on Character Map.

The dialog box shown here displays.

Select a font from the Font field drop-down menu. The characters of the font are in boxes
in the center of the window. Click on a character box to display an enlarged version of the
character. The keystroke necessary to produce the character displays in the lower left corner
of the screen. Double-click on a character or select the character; then click on the Select
button to send the character to the Characters to Copy field. You can send multiple
characters to the Characters to Copy field. Click on the Copy button to move the Characters
to Copy field contents to the Clipboard.

What are drives?

Drives are used to store data. Almost all computers come with at least two drives: a hard
drive (which is used to store large volumes of data) and a floppy drive (which stores
smaller volumes of data that can be easily transported from one computer to another). The
hard drive is typically designated the C:\ drive and the floppy drive is typically designated
the A:\ drive. If you have an additional floppy drive, it is typically designated the B:\ drive.
If your hard drive is partitioned or if you have additional drives, the letters D:\, E:\, F:\, and
so on are assigned.

What are folders?

Folders are used to organize the data stored on your drives. The files that make up a
program are stored together in their own set of folders. You will want to organize the files
you create in folders. You will want to store files of a like kind in a single folder.

How do I open Windows Explorer?

To open Windows Explorer, locate Windows Explorer on your Start menu and then click on
it. Alternatively, hold down the Windows key and type e (Windows-e).

How does Windows 98 organize files and folders organized on drives?

Windows 98 organizes folders and files in a hierarchical system. The drive is the highest
level of the hierarchy. You can put all of your files on the drive without creating any
folders. But, that is like putting all of your papers in a file cabinet without organizing them
into folders. It works fine if you have only a few files, but as the number of files increases,
there comes a point at which things become very difficult to find. So you create folders and
put related material together in folders.

A diagram of a typical drive and how it is organized is shown here.

At the highest level, you have some folders and perhaps some files. You can open any of
the folders and put additional files and folders into them. A hierarchy develops.

Can you explain the Windows Explorer window?

Yes. When you open Windows Explorer, the screen shown here will appear.
Windows 98 separates the window into two panes. If you click on an object in the left pane,
the contents of the object displays in the right pane. Click on Desktop and the contents of
the Desktop folder display on the right. Click on My Computer and your computer
resources display on the right. To see the contents of a drive, click on the drive. To see the
contents of a folder, click on the icon for the folder in the left pane.

How do I create a new folder when in Windows Explorer?

To create a new folder:

1. In the left pane, click on the drive or folder in which you want to create the new
folder.
2. Click on any free area in the right pane. A context menu will appear.
3. Highlight New.
4. Click on Folder.
5. Type in a name for the folder.

Can you explain Windows Explorer views?

Yes. Views control how Windows Explorer displays information in the right pane.
Windows Explorer provides you with the following choices: Large Icons, Small Icons, List,
and Details. Large Icons and Small Icons, as their names imply, determine the size of the
icon. List displays all of the files and folders without supplying the size, type, or date
modified. Details displays the size, type, and date modified. To change the view:

1. Right-click on any free area in the right pane. A context menu will appear.
2. Highlight View.
3. Select the view you want from the drop-down menu.

How do I delete a file or folder?

To delete a file or folder:

1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to delete. A context menu will appear.
2. Click on Delete. Window Explorer will ask, "Are sure you want to send this object
to the recycle bin?"
3. Click on "Yes."

How do I copy a file or folder?

To copy a file or folder:

1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to copy. A context menu will appear.
2. Click on Copy. The file or folder should now be on the Clipboard.

How do I cut a file or folder?

To cut a file or folder:

1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to cut. A context menu will appear.
2. Click on Cut. The file or folder should now be on the Clipboard.

Note: Cutting differs from deleting. When you cut a file, the file is placed on the
Clipboard. When you delete a file, the file is sent to the Recycle Bin.

How do I paste a file or folder?

To paste a file or folder:

1. After cutting or copying the file, right-click on the object or in the right pane of the
folder to which you want to paste. A context menu will appear.
2. Click on Paste.

How do I rename a file or folder?

To rename a file or folder:

1. Right-click on the file or folder. A context menu will appear.

2. Highlight Rename.
3. Type the new name.

What is a screen saver?

Computer monitors display images by firing electron beams at a phosphor-coated screen. If

the same image stays on the screen for too long, there is a danger that the image will leave
a permanent imprint on the screen. Screen savers help prevent this possibility by providing
a constantly changing image.

How do I select a screen saver?

To select a screen saver:

1. Right-click anywhere on the Windows desktop. A menu will appear.

2. Select Active Desktop.
3. Click on Customize My Desktop.
4. Click on the Screen Saver tab.
5. The Screen Saver field provides the list of available screen savers. Select the screen
saver you want from the list.
6. Click on Settings to set the display options associated with the screen saver.
7. Checkmark Password Protected to set a password for your screen saver. Password
protection prevents the screen saver from being turned off unless a password is
entered.
8. Click on Change to set the password.
 9. Set the number of minutes of activity before the screen saver starts in the wait field.
10. Click on OK.

Note: You can see a preview of the screen saver you selected by clicking on the Preview
button.

What is a window?

A window is an area on your desktop within which all Windows-based programs run.

Can you explain the parts of a window?

Yes. I will use WordPad as an example.

Control Box The control box provides a menu that enables

you to restore, move, size, minimize, maximize,
or close a window.

Border The border separates the window from the

desktop. You resize the window by dragging its
borders outward to expand it and inward to
 contract it.

Title bar The title bar displays the name of the current file
and the name of the current program.

Minimize button Use the Minimize button to temporarily

decrease the size of a window or remove a
window from view. While a window is
minimized, its title will appear on the taskbar.

Maximize button Click the Maximize button and the window will
fill the screen.

Restore button After you maximize a window, if you Click the

Restore button, the window will return to its
former size.

Close button Click the Close button to exit the window and
close the program.

Menu bar The menu bar displays the program menu. You
send commands to the program by using the
menu.

Toolbars Toolbars generally display right below the

menu, they can be dragged and displayed along
any of the window borders. You use the icons on
the toolbars to send commands to the program.

Work area The work area is located in the center of the

window. You perform most of your work in the
work area.

Status bar The status bar provides you with information

about the status of your program.

Can I have more than one window open at a time?

Yes.

How do I switch between windows?

If you have several windows open at the same time, the window on top is the window with
focus. You can only interact with the window with focus. To change windows, do one of the
following:
 1. Click anywhere on the window you want to have focus.
2. Hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key (Alt-Tab) until you have selected the
window to which you want to change.
3. All active files display on the taskbar. Click the taskbar button for the window you
want to have focus.

How do I move a window around on my desktop?

To move a window around on your desktop, left-Click the window�s title bar and drag the
window.

What does it mean to "cascade your windows?"

Cascading your windows is a way of organizing your windows on your desktop. Cascading
Windows fan out across your desktop with the title bar of each window showing.

How do I cascade my windows?

To cascade your windows:

1. Right-Click the taskbar. A menu will appear.

2. Click Cascade Windows.

What does it mean to "tile your windows?"

Tiling you windows is a way of organizing your windows on screen. When you tile your
windows, Windows XP places each Window on the desktop in such a way that no window
overlaps any other window. You can tile your windows horizontally or vertically.

How do I tile my windows?

To tile your windows:

1. Right-Click the taskbar. A menu will appear.

2. Click Tile Windows Horizontally or Tile Windows Vertically, whichever you prefer.

What are scrollbars and how do they work?

In many programs, if the contents of the work area do not fit in the window, scrollbars will
appear. A vertical scrollbar will appear at the right side of the window and a horizontal
scrollbar at the bottom of the window, depending on the fit. The vertical scrollbar provides
a way to move up and down. The horizontal scrollbar provides a way to move from left to
right.
The scroll box indicates where you are in your document. If the scroll box is at the top of
the scrollbar, you are at the top of the document. If the scroll box is in the center of the
scrollbar, you are in the center of the document.

How do the scrollbars work?

To move up and down one line at a time:

• Click the arrow at either end of the vertical scrollbar.

To move from side to side one character at a time:

• Click the arrow at either end of the horizontal scrollbar.

To move approximately one window at a time:

• Click above the scroll box to move up.

• Click below the scroll box to move down.

To scroll continuously:

• Click the appropriate arrow and hold down the mouse button.

To move to a specific location:

• Left-Click the scrollbar and hold down the left mouse button until you arrive at the
location. For example, if you want to go to the center of the document, Click the
center of the scrollbar and hold down the left mouse button.
• Or, drag the scroll box until you arrive at the desired location.

What is an icon?

An icon is a graphic image. Icons help you execute commands quickly. Commands tell the
computer what you want the computer to do. To execute a command by using an icon,
Click the icon.

What is a menu?

Menus provide a way for you to send commands to the computer (tell the computer what
you want the computer to do). When you open a window, menu options are listed from left
to right just below the title bar on the menu bar. When you Click a menu item, a drop-down
menu appears. Select the command you want to execute from the drop-down menu. An
ellipse after a drop-down menu item signifies that there are additional options; if you select
that option, a dialog box will appear.

What is a shortcut key?

You can use shortcut keys to execute a command quickly by pressing key combinations
instead of selecting the commands directly from the menu or clicking on an icon. When
you look at a menu, you will notice that most of the options have one letter underlined. You
can select a menu option by holding down the Alt key and pressing the underlined letter.
You can also make Alt-key selections from drop-down menus and dialog boxes.

In this tutorial and on this Web site, we use the following notation: a key name followed by
a dash and a letter means to hold down the key while pressing the letter. For example, "Alt-
f" means to hold down the Alt key while pressing "f" (this will open the File menu in many
programs). As another example, holding down the Ctrl key while pressing "b" (Ctrl-b) will
bold selected text in many programs. In some programs, you can assign you own shortcut
keys.

What is a selection?

A selection is a highlighted area on which you can perform a command. For example, if
you are using a word processing program, you can highlight a word and then execute the
Underline command to underline the highlighted word.

How do I make a selection?

To make a selection:

1. Left-click where you want to start your selection.

2. Hold down your left mouse button and drag the mouse until you have highlighted
the area you want.

Or

1. Left-click where you want to start your selection.

2. Hold down the Shift key while you use the arrow keys to highlight the area that you
want.

Note: Typing over highlighted text replaces the old text with the new text you type.

Explain cut, copy, and paste.

The Cut, Copy, and Paste commands are nearly universal. These three functions are used
by almost every Windows program and perform more or less the same function in each of
them. You can cut, copy, and paste programs, disks, and text, to name a just a few things.

Cut: When you cut something, it is deleted from its current location and saved to the
Clipboard. Information saved to the Clipboard stays there until new information is either
cut or copied. Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the
Clipboard with whatever you just cut or copied. You can paste the same Clipboard
information as often as you like.
Copy: Copy is similar to Cut except the original item is not deleted. When you copy
something, a copy of the item is saved to the Clipboard. Information stored on the
Clipboard stays there until new information is either cut or copied. Each time you execute
Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever you just cut
or copied. You can paste Clipboard information as often as you like, until you replace it
with something else.

Paste: �You can place information on the Clipboard wherever you like. Execute the Paste
command and information you have cut or copied is placed wherever your cursor is
located.

Clipboard: � The Clipboard is the storage area for items the have been cut or copied.
Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with
whatever you just cut or copied. You can paste Clipboard information as often as you like,
until you replace it with something else.

There are three major methods of cutting, copying, and pasting. The three methods are
using the menu, using keyboard shortcuts, and using icons. We will review all of them. In
most programs, they will work exactly as described here.

Using the Menu:

Cut

1. Select what you want to cut.

2. Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
3. Click Cut.

Paste

1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
2. Click Edit. A drop-down menu will appear.
3. Click Paste.

Copy

1. Select what you want to copy.

2. Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
3. Click Copy.

Using Keyboard Shortcuts:

Cut

1. Select what you want to cut.

 2. Press Ctrl-x.

Paste

1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
2. Press Ctrl-v.

Copy

1. Select what you want to copy.

2. Press Ctrl-c.

Using Icons:

Cut

1. Select what you want to cut.

2. Click the Cut icon.

Paste

1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
2. Click the Paste icon.

Copy

1. Select what you want to copy.

2. Click the Copy icon.

Are there any universals that apply to almost all programs?

Yes, there are and I list a few of them here. I use the following convention to indicate a
menu path: View > Toolbars. When you see View > Toolbars, it means select View from the
menu bar and select Toolbars from the drop-down menu. The following list applies to
many, but not all programs. Your program's documentation is the authoritative source.

Icon Shortcut Menu Command Description

Key Path

Ctrl-n File > Create a new file.

New
Ctrl-o File > Open an existing file.
Open

Ctrl-s File > Save the current file.

Save

Ctrl-p File > Print the current file.

Print

Ctrl-f Edit > Find text in the current

Find document.

Ctrl-x Edit > Cut (delete and place on

Cut Clipboard) the current
selection.

Ctrl-v Edit > Place the material

Paste currently on the Clipboard
in the file at the current
location.

Ctrl-c Edit > Copy the current selection

Copy to the Clipboard.

Ctrl-z Edit > Reverse the most recent

Undo command. Place the
program in the state it was
in before executing the last
command.

Ctrl-y Edit > Reverse the last undo.

Redo Place the program in the
state it was in before
executing Undo.

Format Apply a font to the current

> Font selection.

Format Set the size of the font for

> Font the current selection.

Ctrl-b Format Bold the current selection.

> Font

Ctrl-i Format Italicize the current

> Font selection.
 Ctrl-u Format Underline the current
> Font selection

Ctrl-l Left-align the selection.

Ctrl-r Right-align the selection.

Ctrl-e Center the selection.

Ctrl-j Justify the selection.

View > Select the toolbars you

Toolbars want to display.

Can you explain how to save a file?

Yes. I will use WordPad as an example.

To save a file:

1. Click File, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
2. Click Save. A dialog box similar to the one shown here will appear.

Field/Icon Entry
Save In field Click to open the menu-box and
select the drive and folder to
which you want to save the file.

Up One Level icon Click this icon to move up one

level in the folder hierarchy.

View Desktop icon Click this icon to move to the

Desktop folder.

Create a New Folder icon Use the Create a New Folder

icon to create a new folder:

1. Click the Create New

Folder icon.
2. Type the folder name and
press Enter.

3. Click the folder you just

created to open the folder.

List icon Your program displays files and

folders in the center of the dialog
box. To have the files display
without the size, type, and date
modified, Click the List icon.

Detail icon Your program displays files and

folders in the center of the dialog
box. To have the files display
with the size, type, and date
modified, Click the Detail icon.

File/Folder box Your program displays files and

folders in File/Folder box. Click
a folder to open the folder. Click
a file if you want the current file
to write over (replace) that file.

File Name field Enter the name you want your

file to have in this field.

Save As Type field Click to open the drop-down box

and select a file type.

Save button Click the Save button to save

 your file.

Cancel button Click the Cancel button if you

have changed your mind and do
not wish to save your file.

What is a dialog box?

Whenever you see an ellipse (�) after a menu option, selecting that option causes a dialog
box to appear. You use dialog boxes to send commands to the software. Most dialog boxes
provide an OK button and a Cancel button. Press the OK button if you are satisfied with
your entries and you want to send the commands to the program. Press the Cancel button if
you have changed your mind and do not want to send the commands to the computer.

What are tabs?

Some programs provide dialog boxes with several pages of options. You move to a page by
clicking on the tab or by using Ctrl-Tab (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the Tab key
to flip through the pages.

What are fields?

You type entries into fields (also referred to as text boxes). For example, in the Save As
dialog box, you type the name you want the file to have in the File Name field.

What are list boxes?

List boxes enable you to make a choice from a list of options. To make your selection,
simply Click the option you want. In some list boxes, you can choose more than one item.
To choose more than one item, hold down the Ctrl key while you make your selections. If
there are more options than can be displayed in the box, a scroll bar appears on the list box.
Use the scroll bar to view the additional choices.

What is a drop-down or pull-down menu?

Fields with a drop-down menu have a small downward pointing arrow next to them. You
Click the arrow and a list of options appears. You select the option you want from the list.
You can also open the drop-down menu by holding down the Alt key and pressing the
down arrow.

You can use the arrow keys to move up and down in a drop-down menu. You can also
move to an item by typing the first few letters of the option.

What are radio buttons?

Windows XP and programs that run under Windows XP use radio buttons to present a list
of mutually exclusive options. You can select only one of the options presented. Radio
buttons are usually round. A dot in the middle indicates that the option is selected.

What are check boxes?

Check boxes are another method used to select options. You Click the check box to select
the item. An X or a checkmark appears in a selected box. You toggle check boxes on and
off by clicking in the box.

What is a slider?
You use a slider to increase or decrease a value. You increase a value by moving the slider
from left to right; you decrease a value by moving the slider from right to left.

What is a spinner?

A spinner is a set of arrows located on the side of a text box. You use the up arrow to
increment a value and the down arrow to decrement a value. You can also type the value
you want directly into the text box.

Can you explain the Windows XP Color Box?

Yes. The Windows Color box provides 48 basic colors. You select a color by clicking on
the square of the color. You can save 16 custom colors. To select a custom color, expand the
window by clicking on the Define Custom Color button. A color matrix box and a
luminosity slider will appear. Move the pointer in the color matrix box horizontally to
adjust the hue. Move the pointer vertically to adjust the saturation. Use the luminosity
slider to adjust the luminosity. The Hue, Saturation, Luminosity (HSL) values and Red,
Green, Blue (RGB) values display at the bottom of the window. After you have selected a
color, you can add the color to a Custom Color square by clicking on the Add to Custom
Colors button.

The Color|Solid box may display two colors. The left side of the box displays the dithered
color and the right side of the box displays a closely related non-dithered color. There are
256 non-dithering colors. Non-dithering colors should display the same on all computer
monitors; consequently, Web developers prefer them.
What is Windows Vista?

Operating systems control the functions performed by a computer. For example, the
operating system on your computer controls the input from the keyboard and mouse to your
computer, the opening and closing of programs, the transfer of information to a printer, the
organization of the files on your computer, and the screen display. To function, every
computer must have an operating system. Windows Vista is an operating system. It was
released by the Microsoft Corporation in late 2006.

Windows Vista comes in several versions: Home Basic, Home Premium, Business,
Ultimate, and Enterprise. The features available to you depend on the version of Windows
Vista you have.

Windows Vista Enterprise is for large global organizations and is only available to
organizations with desktops covered by Software Assurance agreements or organizations
with a Microsoft Enterprise Agreement that includes the Windows desktop component.

Windows Vista Home Basic is the entry-level edition. Geared toward home computer users,
Home Basic has features that allow you to search your computer, search the Web, browse
the Internet, view photos, send and retrieve e-mail, and set parental controls. Windows
Defender and Windows Firewall are included with Windows Vista Home Basic. Windows
Defender helps protect your computer from spyware. Spyware is malicious software you
install on your computer inadvertently or is put on your computer without your consent.
Windows Firewall helps protect your computer from malicious software and unauthorized
access to your computer.

Windows Vista Home Premium has most of the features found in Windows Vista Home
Basic plus additional features such as Aero, Windows Media Center, Windows Meeting
Space, Windows Mobility Center, Windows SideShow, and Tablet PC support. Windows
Aero features translucent windows and smooth animations, including the capability to do
three-dimensional flips through open windows. It also provides a thumbnail preview of the
contents of open windows when you pause your mouse pointer over the window’s identifier
on the taskbar or Alt-Tab through windows. With Windows Media Center, you can record
and watch TV shows, listen to Internet and FM radio, view home movies, create slide
shows, and burn CDs or DVDs. You can use Windows Meeting Space to set up meetings in
which you can share documents, programs, or your desktop with others. Windows Mobility
Center provides a convenient location for you to adjust the settings for your mobile PC.
With Windows SideShow, you can send information from your computer to other devices
such as mobile phones, hand-held computers, and TVs. A tablet PC is a mobile computer
that you can interact with by writing on the screen or by using your finger or a pen. You can
use Windows Vista Premium with a tablet PC.

Windows Vista Business is designed for small businesses. It is simple to use and has
mechanisms that protect your information from unauthorized viewing.

Windows Ultimate includes all the features of Windows Vista Home Premium and
Windows Vista Business and has extra features such as DreamScene, Language Packs, and
BitLocker Drive Encryption. With DreamScene, you can use full-motion video as your
wallpaper. Language packs allow you to install multiple languages on a single PC.
BitLocker Drive Encryption encrypts your data to protect it from unauthorized viewing.
 Windows Vista Feature Comparison
Features Basic Home Business Ultimate
Premium
Windows X X X X
Defender
Windows X X X X
Firewall
Instant Search X X X X
Network and X X X X
Sharing Center
Internet X X X X
Explorer 7
Parental X X
Controls
Windows Aero X X X
Mobility Center X X X
Tablet PC X X X
Support
Windows X X X
Meeting Space
Windows X X X
Sideshow
Windows Media X X
Center
Windows X X
Complete
Backup and
Restore
Windows Fax X X
and Scan
Scheduled X X X
Backup
 Remote Desktop X X
Connection
Window X
BitLocker Drive
Encryption
Windows DVD X X
Maker
Windows Movie X X
Maker in High
Definition
If you do not have Windows Vista or if the version of Windows Vista you have does not
have the features you need, you can upgrade your operating system.

What is a desktop?

If you are using Windows Vista, after you start your computer the first thing you see is the
desktop. The desktop is your work area.

Can you explain the Windows Vista desktop?

The following table explains the various features of the Windows Vista desktop.

Feature Explanation
Taskbar By default, the taskbar is located on the bottom
 edge of the desktop. You can click the taskbar and
drag it to other locations. The Start button, active
program buttons, icons for quick access to
programs, and the notification area are located on
the taskbar.
Recycle Bin When you delete an object, Windows Vista sends it
to the Recycle Bin. You can restore objects from
the Recycle Bin or you can permanently delete
them.
Shortcut icon Icons with an arrow in the lower-left corner are
shortcut icons. Click the icon for quick access to
the object it represents (program, document,
printer, and so on).
Program, folder, and document Program, folder, and document icons do not have
icons an arrow in the lower-left corner. These icons
represent the actual objects and provide direct
access to the objects. Be careful: When you delete a
program, folder, or document icon, you are deleting
the actual program, folder, or document.
Sidebar The default placement for the Windows Vista
sidebar

is along the right side of your desktop. You can use

the sidebar to display gadgets. Gadgets are small
programs with which you can display a clock, post
notes, track stocks, or perform other miscellaneous
tasks.

Can you explain the taskbar?

The taskbar is a long bar that by default runs along the bottom of your desktop. The Start
button, Quick Launch toolbar, active program buttons, and the notification area are located
on the taskbar.
 1 Start 2 Quick Launch Toolbar
3 Active Program Buttons 4 Notification Area

You click the Start button to display the Start menu. You use the Start menu to open
programs and to perform other functions such as searching for files.

On the taskbar, right next to the Start button is the Quick Launch toolbar. Using the Quick
Launch toolbar, you can open a program or file simply by clicking its icon. To add an icon
to the Quick Launch toolbar:

1. Locate the program you want to add.

2. Right-click. A context menu appears.
3. Click Add to Quick Launch. Vista adds the program to the Quick Launch toolbar.

Switch Between
1 Show Desktop 2
Windows

Two icons appear on the Quick Launch toolbar by default: the Show Desktop icon and the
Switch between Windows icon. You can display the desktop by clicking the Show Desktop
icon. You can use the Switch between Windows icon to display all open windows in 3D flip
if your version of windows has Aero or you can use the Switch between Windows icon to
tab through open windows if your version of Vista does not have Aero.

When using Vista, each program, document, or other type of file opens in its own window.
You can have multiple programs, documents, and files open at a given time. A button for
each open program, file, or document window displays on the taskbar. You can quickly
move from one open file to another open file by clicking the files button. If you have a
large number of files open, Vista may group all files of a given type together. For example,
if you have several Microsoft Word documents open, Vista may group them together. When
you click the button for Microsoft Word, Vista displays a menu of open Word files. You can
click the document you want to open.

The notification area is located on the right side of the task bar. It displays several icons
and the current time. The icons that display depend on the way in which your computer is
configured. You can move your mouse pointer over an icon to see the current settings for
the option the icon represents. In many cases, you can click the icon to change the settings.
For example, the Volume icon is located in the notification area. When you pause your over
the Volume icon the volume setting for the speakers on your computer appears. You can
click the icon to adjust the volume.

When I finish working with my computer, what should I do?

When you finish working with your computer, you should put your computer in sleep
mode:

1. Click the Start button. The Start menu appears.

2. Click the Power button. Vista puts your computer in the sleep mode.

When you click the Power button, Vista saves all of your work, turns off the display screen,
and puts your computer in sleep mode. To indicate that your computer is in sleep mode,
some of the lights on your computer may blink and/or change color.
What do you mean when you say my computer is in sleep mode?

In sleep mode, your computer consumes very little electricity. When you need to use your
computer again, you can press your computer’s power-on switch to resume work quickly.
Instead of shutting your computer down when you are not using your computer, you should
put your computer in sleep mode.

I am using a laptop. Won’t putting my computer in sleep mode drain my computer’s

battery?

A sleeping computer uses very little energy. Microsoft, the maker of Windows Vista,
recommends that you put your computer, whether a desktop or a laptop, in sleep mode
when you are not using it. A sleeping computer should not drain your computer’s battery.
However, if your power becomes dangerously low, Vista saves your work to your hard
drive and then shuts your computer down.

How do I wake up my computer?

To wake up your computer, press your computer’s power-on switch.

Do I ever need to shut down my computer?

Generally, when you are not using your computer, you should put your computer in sleep
mode. However, if you are making changes to your computer hardware, such as installing
memory or adding a hard drive, you should shut your computer down. You may also need
to shut your computer down when you add hardware to your system, such as a new printer.

How do I shut down my computer?

1. Click the Start button. The Start menu appears.

2. Click the arrow in the lower-right corner of the start menu. A menu appears.
3. Click Shut Down. Your computer shuts down.

When you need to restart your computer, press your computer’s power-on switch.

What are drives?

Drives are hardware components used to store data. Almost all computers come with at
least two drives: a hard drive (for storing large volumes of data) and a CD or CD/DVD
drive (for storing smaller volumes of data that you can easily transport from one computer
to another). The hard drive is typically designated the C:\ drive, and the CD drive is
typically designated the D:\ drive. If you have an additional internal drive, it may be
designated the A:\ drive. If your hard drive is partitioned (divided into several parts) or if
you have additional drives, the letters E:\, F:\, G:\, and so on are assigned.

What are folders and files?

Folders are used to organize the data stored on your drives. A file is a collection of related
information or a computerized document. The files that make up a program are stored
together in their own set of folders. When you create files, a good idea is to organize them
in folders and to store files of a like kind in a single folder. Microsoft recommends that you
store your documents under the Documents folder, your pictures under the Pictures folder,
and your Music under the Music folder.

How does Vista organize files and folders on drives?

Vista organizes folders and files in a hierarchical system. The drive is the highest level of
the hierarchy. You can put all of your files on a drive without creating any folders, but that
is like putting all of your papers in a file cabinet without organizing them into folders. It
works fine if you have only a few files, but as the number of files increases, there comes a
point at which things are difficult to find. To avoid this, create folders and put related
material together in folders.

A diagram of typical drives and how they are organized is shown here.

At the highest level, you have some folders and perhaps some files. You can open any of
the folders and put additional files and folders into them. This creates a hierarchy.

Will you explain Explorer windows?

You use Explorer windows to search for and manage the files on your computer. When you
open your Personal folder or click Documents, Pictures, Music, Games, Computer, or
Network on the Start menu, an Explorer window appears. Explorer windows consist of
several parts: the Forward and Back buttons, the Address bar, the Instant Search box, the
Command bar, the Menu bar, the Navigation pane, the File List, the Headings, the Preview
pane, and the Details pane.

No Area No Area
1 Forward and Back buttons 2 Address bar
3 Instant Search box 4 Command bar
5 Menu bar 6 Navigation pane
7 File List 8 Headings
9 Preview pane 10 Details pane

Area Description
Forward and Back Buttons You can use the Forward and Back
buttons to move forward and
backward through your searches.
Address Bar The Address bar provides drop-down
menus for the current navigation path.
A navigation path is the sequence of
folders on a drive that you must open
to get to the file for which you are
 looking. The folders are ordered from
the highest to lowest point in the
hierarchy. You can use the Address
bar to move up or down the
navigation path. You can also use the
Address bar to find recently visited
Web sites and prior searches.
Instant Search Box In the Instant Search box, you can
search for folders and files on your
computer by typing the folder or
filename. You can also use the Search
box to find all documents that contain
a particular word or phrase or have a
specific property.
Command Bar By using the Command bar, you can
perform a variety of tasks related to
managing and organizing the files on
your computer. For example, you can
use the Command bar to cut, copy,
and paste files.
Menu Bar For the most part, the Menu bar has
the same features as the Command
bar. By using the Menu bar, you can
perform a variety of tasks that relate
to managing and organizing the files
on your computer. Because the
Command bar and the Menu bar
perform many of the same functions,
by default the Menu bar does not
display. To display the Menu bar,
press the Alt key.
Navigation Pane You can use the Navigation pane to
open a folder. For easy access,
commonly used folders are listed at
the top of the Navigation pane.
File List When you open a folder, Vista lists
the contents of the folder in the File
List.
Headings Headings appear at the top of the File
List. Headings identify the file
properties.
 Preview Pane For programs that support this
feature, the Preview pane shows you
the contents of a document without
opening the document.
Details Pane You can use the Details pane to view,
add, and/or change a document’s
properties. Properties are
characteristics that are either
automatically assigned to a file or
assigned to a file by you. Properties
include such things as the date the file
was last modified, the author, and the
document category.

How do I tell Explorer which parts of the Explorer window to display?

Start by opening an Explorer window:

1. Click the Start button.

2. Click the name of your Personal folder, Documents, Pictures, Music, Games, or
Computer.
3. An Explorer window opens.

Select the parts you want to display:

1. Click Organize on the Command bar. A menu appears.

2. Click Layout. A submenu appears.
3. Click to select all the options you want to appear in the Explorer window. Choose
from Menu Bar, Details Pane, Preview Pane, and Navigation Pane.

Note: Choosing Menu Bar causes the menu to permanently display.

What is a Personal folder?

When you log on to Windows Vista for the first time, you must create an account.
Thereafter, you log on to your computer by clicking the account name. After you create an
account, Vista creates a Personal folder for you. Vista stores the folders you will use most
often, such as the Documents, Pictures, and Music folders, under your Personal folder.
Vista gives your Personal folder the same name as your account name. For example, my
account name is Denise Etheridge; Vista named my Personal folder Denise Etheridge.
Clicking your Personal folder name opens an Explorer window. I will use the Personal
folder to illustrate how to use an Explorer window.

How do I open my Personal folder?

1. Click the Start button.
2. Click the name you entered when you created your account. The name is located at
the top of the Start menu’s right column.
When you open the Personal folder, an Explorer window similar to the one shown here
appears.

How do I open a folder?

To open a folder that is located under the Favorite Links area of the Navigation pane, click
the folder name. The contents of the folder appear in the File List.

If the folder you are looking for does not appear under Favorite Links:

1. Click Folders, which is located in the lower-left corner of the Navigation pane.
Additional folders appear. The folders are structured in a hierarchy as they were in
Windows XP, which is the previous version of the Windows operating system.
2. Click the folder you want to open.

To close the Folders area, click the word Folders again. It may have moved to the top of the
Navigation pane.

How do I open a file or a folder that is located in the File List?

When you open a folder, the folders and files contained in the folder appear in the File List.
To open a file, double click the filename. You can also open the folders that appear in the
File List by double-clicking them.

How do I create a new folder?

To create a new folder:

1. Locate the folder in which you want to create the new folder.
 2. Click Organize on the Command bar.
3. Click New Folder. Vista creates a new folder.
4. Type a name for the folder.
5. Press Enter. Vista changes the name of the folder.

Can I search for files and folders?

To search for a file or even for a word that is contained in a file, use the Instant Search box
located in the upper-right corner of your Personal folder:

1. Type what you are searching for in the Instant Search box. As you type, Vista
displays the results of the search in the File List.
2. Double-click a filename to open the file.

Can I save a search?

You can save a search so you can use it again.

1. Create your search.

2. Click Save Search. The Save As dialog box appears.
3. Type the name you want to give your search.
4. Click Save. Vista saves the search in the Searches folder.

To run your search again:

1. Click Searches in the Navigation pane. The Searches folder appears.

2. Double-click the search you want to run. Vista runs the search.

How does the Address bar work?

The Address bar is located in the upper-left corner of an Explorer window. You can use the
Address bar to navigate through your folders. To open a folder:
 1. Click the arrow next to the folder name. A list of the folders in that folder appears.
2. Click the folder you want to open.

You can move up and down the folder hierarchy (path) by clicking folder names.

Can I add folders and saved searches to the Navigation pane?

You can open the folders and execute the searches on the Navigation pane simply by
clicking them. If you have a folder or search you access frequently, you may want to add it
to the Navigation pane.

1. Locate the folder or search you want to add.

2. Click and drag the folder or search to the Navigation pane. You can now click the
folder name or the search to open the folder.

If you use a saved search frequently, you can also add the search to the Navigation pane by
clicking and dragging.

How do I display the Menu bar?

By default, the Menu bar does not appear. To temporarily display the Menu bar, press the
Alt key. To hide the Menu bar, press the Alt key again. You can also choose to display the
Menu bar permanently.

1. Click Organize. A menu appears.

2. Click Layout. A submenu appears.
3. Click Menu Bar. A check mark appears next to Menu Bar. The check mark indicates
Menu Bar is selected. When Menu bar is selected, the menu bar permanently
displays.
Will you explain Explorer views?

Views control how Explorer windows display information in the File List. The Views
option on the Explorer Command bar provides the following choices: Extra Large Icons,
Large Icons, Medium Icons, Small Icons, List, Details, and Tiles.

• Tiles view and Icon views display icons to represent drives, folders, and the
contents of folders. You can choose from icons that are large, small, or medium in
size.
• List view displays all of the files and folders without displaying the properties.
• Details view displays the filename and associated properties you have selected to
display.

To change the view:

1. Click the down-arrow next to Views on the Command bar. A menu appears.
2. Drag the slider to select the view you want.

What are file properties?

File properties are pieces of information that are associated with a file. For example, Vista
automatically saves the date and time each time you modify a file. You can also associate
properties with a file. For example, you can place all files associated with sales in a
category called sales.
To see a list of the properties you can assign to a file:

1. Right-click a Heading. A list of properties appears.

2. Click More if you do not see the property for which you are looking. The Choose
Details dialog box appears.
3. Click to select the properties you want to use. A check mark appears next to
selected properties.

You can search for files by entering the property in the Instant Search box. When you click
a filename, the file properties display at the bottom of the Explorer window in the Details
pane. To change a property listed in the Details pane:
 1. Click in the property’s field.
2. Type the property you want to assign.

What is filtering?

When you filter a folder, you see only the files that have the property for which you are
looking. You can filter by any file property. For example, by using a filter, you can view all
the files by selected authors. You can apply multiple filters to a single folder. To filter:

1. Click the down-arrow next to a Heading. A context menu appears.

2. Click the property by which you want to filter. For example, if you want to filter by
author, click the author’s name. A check mark next to the filter indicates that the
property is selected. Vista only displays the files that have the selected properties.
3. Click the down-arrow next to another Heading to filter by that Heading and then
repeat step 2.

To remove a filter:

1. Click the down-arrow next to the filtered Heading.

2. Click to remove the check mark next to each filtered property.

What is stacking?

To show all the files with a particular property together, you use stacking. For example, you
can group all the files by a particular author together.
 1. Click the down-arrow next to the property by which you want to stack files. A
context menu appears.
2. Click the Stack option at the bottom of the menu. Vista stacks together all the files
that have the same property.
3. Click the Stack icon. Vista expands the stack so you can see the files.

What is the purpose of Computer option on the Start menu?

The Computer option enables you to open the Explorer Computer window to view the
drives on your computer and manipulate folders and files. The Explorer Computer window
works much like the Personal folder. You can cut, copy, paste, rename, and delete folders
and files. By selecting the Computer option, you can perform many of the functions you
performed by using Windows Explorer in previous versions of the Windows operating
system, such as Windows XP.

To access the Explorer Computer window:

1. Click the Start button. The Start menu appears.

2. Click Computer. Computer is located on the right side of the menu. Information
about your computer becomes available to you.

Alternatively, you can open the Explorer Computer Window by holding down the Windows
Logo key while typing e (Windows-e).

How does the Preview pane work?

If you have a file that was created in a program that supports Preview mode, in Explorer
windows you can see the contents of the file without opening the file. To see a preview,
click the filename. A preview appears in the Preview pane.

How do I delete a file or folder?

To delete a file or folder:

1. Right-click the file or folder you want to delete. A context menu appears.
2. Click Delete. Vista asks, "Are sure you want to move this file to the Recycle Bin?"
3. Click Yes. Vista places the file or folder in the Recycle Bin.

How do I copy a file or folder?

You can make a copy of a file or folder and place the copy in another location. Placing a
file or folder in another location is a two-step process. First you make the copy and then
you paste the copy in the new location. When you execute a Copy command, Vista stores
the information you copied in a storage area called the Clipboard. Refer to the question
“How do I paste a file or folder?” to learn how to paste.

1. Right-click the file or folder you want to copy. A context menu appears.
2. Click Copy. The file or folder is now on the Clipboard.

How do I cut a file or folder?

Cutting enables you to move a file to a new location. Moving a file to a new location is a
two-step process. First you remove the file from its current location by cutting it. Then you
paste it in the new location. When you execute a Cut command, Vista stores the
information you cut in a storage area called the Clipboard. Refer to the question “How do I
paste a file or folder?” to learn how to paste.

1. Right-click the file or folder you want to cut. A context menu appears.
2. Click Cut. The file or folder is now on the Clipboard.

Note: Cutting differs from deleting. When you cut a file, the file is placed on the
Clipboard. When you delete a file, the file is sent to the Recycle Bin.

How do I paste a file or folder?

Pasting places information on the Clipboard in the location you specify. To paste a file or
folder:

1. After copying or cutting the file, right-click in the File list to which you want to
paste. A context menu appears.
2. Click Paste. Vista pastes the file in the new location.

How do I rename a file or folder?

1. Right-click the file or folder. A context menu appears.

2. Click Rename.
3. Type the new name.
4. Press Enter. Vista changes the name of the file or folder.

What is a screen saver?

Computer monitors display images by firing electron beams at a phosphor-coated screen. If

the same image stays on the screen too long, the image may leave a permanent imprint on
the screen. Screen savers help prevent this by providing a constantly changing image.

How do I select a screen saver?

1. Right-click anywhere on the Windows desktop. A context menu appears.

2. Click Personalize. The Personalize window appears.
3. Click Screen Saver. The Screen Saver Settings dialog box appears.
4. Click the down-arrow in the Screen Saver field. A list of screen savers appears.
5. Click to select the screen saver you want to use. A preview of the screen saver
appears in the Screen Saver Setting dialog box.
6. In the Wait field, set the number of minutes of inactivity before the screen saver
starts.
7. Click Apply.
8. Click OK. Vista sets your screen saver.

What is a window?
A window is an area on your desktop within which a Windows-based program runs.

Will you explain the parts of a window?

I will use WordPad as an example. WordPad is a word-processing program that comes with
Windows Vista. To access WordPad:

1. Click the Start button. The Start menu appears.

2. Click All Programs. The All Programs menu appears.
3. Click Accessories. The Accessories submenu appears.
4. Click WordPad. WordPad starts.

No Area No Area
1 Control box 2 Menu bar
 3 Title bar 4 Minimize
5 Maximize 6 Close button
7 Command bar 8 Border
9 Status bar 10 Work area

Part Description
Control box Provides a menu that enables you to restore, move, size,
minimize, maximize, or close a window.
Menu bar Displays the program’s menu. You can use the menu to
send commands to the program.
Title bar Displays the name of the current file and the name of the
current program.
Toolbar Displays icons you can click to send commands to the
program. Toolbars generally appear directly below the
menu, but you can drag them and display them along any of
the window borders.
Minimize button Click to temporarily decrease the size of a window or
remove a window from view. While a window is
minimized, its title appears on the taskbar.
Maximize button Click to make the window fill the screen.
Close button Click to exit a window or close a program.
Command bar Displays icons you can click to send commands to the
program.
Border Separates the window from the desktop. Drag a window’s
borders outward to expand it and inward to contract it.
Status bar Provides information about the status of your program.
Restore button Click to restore a minimized window to its former size.

Can I have more than one window open at a time?

You can have as many windows as you want open at the same time.
How do I switch between windows?

If you have several windows open at the same time, the window on top is the window with
focus. You can only interact with the window with focus. To change windows, do any one
of the following:

• Click anywhere on a window to change the focus to that window.

• Hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key (Alt-Tab). A preview of all open
windows appears. While holding down the Alt key, click the Tab key until you have
selected the window to which you want to change.
• All active files display on the taskbar. Click the taskbar button for the window you
want to have focus.

How do I move a window around on my desktop?

Left-click the window’s title bar and drag the window.

What does it mean to "cascade your windows"?

Cascading is a way of organizing windows on your desktop. Cascading windows fan out
across your desktop, with the title bar of each window showing.

How do I cascade my windows?

1. Right-click the taskbar. A menu appears.

2. Click Cascade Windows.
3. Vista cascades the open windows.

What does it mean to "stack your windows"?

Stacking is a way of organizing your windows on your desktop. When you stack your
windows, Windows Vista places each window on the desktop in such a way that no window
overlaps any other window. The windows are stacked one on top of the other.

How do I stack my windows?

1. Right-click the taskbar. A menu appears.

2. Click Show Windows Stacked. Vista stacks your windows.

What does it mean to "show windows side by side"?

Showing your windows side by side is another way of organizing your windows on your
desktop. When you show your windows side by side, Windows Vista places each window
on the desktop in such a way that no window overlaps any other window. The windows
display side by side.
How do I show my windows side by side?

1. Right-click the taskbar. A menu appears.

2. Click Show Windows Side by Side. Vista displays your windows side-by-side.

What are scrollbars?

In many programs, if the contents of the work area do not fit in the window, scrollbars
appear. A vertical scrollbar appears at the right side of the window and a horizontal
scrollbar at the bottom of the window. The vertical scrollbar provides a way to move up
and down. The horizontal scrollbar provides a way to move from left to right and from
right to left.

The scroll box indicates where you are in your document. If the scroll box is at the top of
the scrollbar, you are at the top of the document. If the scroll box is in the center of the
scrollbar, you are in the center of the document.

How do the scrollbars work?

To move up and down one line at a time:

• Click the arrow at either end of the vertical scrollbar.

To move from side to side:

• Click the arrow at either end of the horizontal scrollbar.

To move approximately one window at a time:

• Click above the scroll box to move up.

• Click below the scroll box to move down.

To scroll continuously:

• Click the appropriate arrow and hold down the mouse button.

To move to a specific location:

• Left-click the scrollbar and hold down the left mouse button until you arrive at the
location. For example, if you want to go to the center of the document, click the
center of the scrollbar and hold down the left mouse button.
• Or, drag the scroll box until you arrive at the desired location.

What is an icon?
An icon is a small image. Icons help you execute commands quickly. Commands tell the
computer what you want the computer to do. To execute a command by using an icon, click
the icon.

What is a menu?

Menus provide a way for you to send commands to the computer (tell the computer what
you want the computer to do). When you open a window, menu options are listed from left
to right on the menu bar, just below the title bar. When you click a menu item, a drop-down
menu appears. Select the command you want to execute from the drop-down menu. An
ellipsis after a drop-down menu item signifies that there are additional options; if you select
that option, a dialog box appears.

What is a shortcut key?

You can use shortcut keys to execute a command quickly by pressing key combinations
instead of selecting the commands directly from the menu or clicking on an icon. When
you look at a menu, most of the options have one letter underlined. You can select a menu
option by holding down the Alt key and pressing the underlined letter. You can also make
Alt-key selections from drop-down menus and dialog boxes.

In this tutorial and on this Web site, we use the following notation: a key name followed by
a hyphen and a letter means to hold down the key while pressing the letter. For example,
"Alt-f" means to hold down the Alt key while pressing "f" (this opens the File menu in
many programs). As another example, holding down the Ctrl key while pressing "b" (Ctrl-
b) bolds selected text in many programs. In some programs, you can assign your own
shortcut keys.

What is a selection?

A selection is a highlighted area on which you can perform a command. For example, if
you are using a word-processing program, you can highlight a word and then execute the
Underline command to underline the highlighted word.

How do I make a selection?

1. Left-click where you want to start your selection.

2. Hold down your left mouse button and drag the mouse until you have highlighted
the area you want.

Or

1. Left-click where you want to start your selection.

2. Hold down the Shift key while you use the arrow keys to highlight the area you
want.
Note: Typing over highlighted text replaces the old text with the new text you type.

Can you explain cut, copy, and paste?

The Cut, Copy, and Paste commands are used by almost every Windows program and
perform more or less the same function in each of them. You can cut, copy, and paste
programs, disks, and text, to name just a few things.

Cut: When you cut something, you delete it from its current location and save it to the
Clipboard. Information saved to the Clipboard stays there until new information is either
cut or copied. Each time you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the
Clipboard with whatever you just cut or copied. While information is on the Clipboard you
can paste it as often as you like.

Copy: Copy is similar to Cut except you do not delete the original item. When you copy
something, a copy of the item is saved to the Clipboard. Information stored on the
Clipboard stays there until new information is either cut or copied. Each time you execute
Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever you just cut
or copied. While information is on the Clipboard you can paste it as often as you like..

Paste: You can place Clipboard information wherever you like. When you execute the
Paste command, you place the information you have cut or copied wherever your cursor is
located.

Clipboard: The Clipboard is the storage area for items you have cut or copied. Each time
you execute Cut or Copy, you replace the old information on the Clipboard with whatever
you just cut or copied. You can paste Clipboard information as often as you like, until you
replace it with something else.

There are three major methods of cutting, copying, and pasting: using the menu, using
keyboard shortcuts, and using icons. In most programs, they work exactly as described
here.

Using the Menu:

Cut

1. Select what you want to cut.

2. Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu appears.
3. Click Cut.

Paste

1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
2. Click Edit. A drop-down menu appears.
 3. Click Paste.

Copy

1. Select what you want to copy.

2. Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu appears.
3. Click Copy.

Using Keyboard Shortcuts:

Cut

1. Select what you want to cut.

2. Press Ctrl-x.

Paste

1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
2. Press Ctrl-v.

Copy

1. Select what you want to copy.

2. Press Ctrl-c.

Using Icons:

Cut

1. Select what you want to cut.

2. Click the Cut icon.

Paste

1. Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
2. Click the Paste icon.

Copy

1. Select what you want to copy.

2. Click the Copy icon.
Are there any universals that apply to almost all programs?

Following is a list of commands that appear in many, but not all programs. Check each
program's documentation for information specific to the program.

Note: I use the following convention to indicate a menu path: View > Toolbars. When you
see View > Toolbars, it means choose View from the menu bar and select Toolbars from the
drop-down menu.

Icon Shortcut Menu Path Command Description

Key
Ctrl-n File > New Create a new file.

Ctrl-o File > Open Open an existing file.

Ctrl-s File > Save Save the current file.

Ctrl-p File > Print Print the current file.

Ctrl-f Edit > Find Find text in the current document.

Ctrl-x Edit > Cut Cut (delete and place on Clipboard) the
current selection.
Ctrl-v Edit > Paste Place the material currently on the
Clipboard at the current location of
your cursor.
Ctrl-c Edit > Copy Copy the current selection to the
Clipboard.
Ctrl-z Edit > Undo Reverse the most recent command.
Place the program in the state it was in
before executing the last command.
Ctrl-y Edit > Redo Reverse the last undo. Place the
program in the state it was in before
executing Undo.
Format > Font Apply a font to the current selection.

Format > Font Set the size of the font for the current
selection.
Ctrl-b Format > Font Bold the current selection.
 Ctrl-i Format > Font Italicize the current selection.

Ctrl-u Format > Font Underline the current selection.

Ctrl-l Left-align the selection.

Ctrl-r Right-align the selection.

Ctrl-e Center the selection.

Ctrl-j Justify the selection.

View > Toolbars Select the toolbars you want to display.

Will you explain how to save a file?

I will use WordPad as an example.

1. Click File, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu appears.
2. Click Save. If you have never saved the file before, the Save As dialog box appears.
3. Click the down-arrow in the Save As Type field and then select the file type you
want your file to have.
4. Type the name you want to give your file in the File Name field.
5. Click the Browse button and then use the Explorer window to change folders if
needed.
6. Click the Save button.

Field/Icon Entry
Address bar Select the folder to which you want to save
the file.
Instant Search box Search for folders and files on your
computer by typing the filename here.
 File Name field Name your file by typing the name in this
field.
Save As Type field Click to open the drop-down box and
select a file type.
Browse Folders button Click to open an Explorer window in
which you can perform all of the Explorer
functions.
Save button Click to save your file.
Cancel button Click if you change your mind and do not
wish to save your file.

What is a dialog box?

Whenever you see an ellipsis (…) after a menu option, selecting that option causes a dialog
box to appear. You use dialog boxes to send commands to the computer. Most dialog boxes
provide an OK button and a Cancel button. Click the OK button if you are satisfied with
your entries and you want to send the commands to the computer. Click the Cancel button
if you change your mind and do not want to send the commands to the computer.

What are tabs?

Some programs provide dialog boxes with several pages of options. You move to a page by
clicking on its tab or by using Ctrl-Tab (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the Tab key
to flip through the pages).

What are fields?

You type entries into fields (also referred to as text boxes). For example, in the Save As
dialog box, you type the name you want your file to have in the File Name field.

What are list boxes?

List boxes provide multiple options from which you can choose. To make your selection,
simply click the option you want. In some list boxes, you can choose more than one item.
To choose multiple items, hold down the Ctrl key while you make your selections. If there
are more options than can be displayed in the box, a scrollbar appears on the list box. Use
the scrollbar to view the additional choices.

What is a drop-down or pull-down menu?

Fields with a drop-down menu have a small downward-pointing arrow next to them. You
click the arrow and a list of options appears. You select the option you want from the list.
You can also open the drop-down menu by holding down the Alt key and pressing the
down-arrow.

You can use the arrow keys to move up and down in a drop-down menu. You can also
move to an item by typing the first few letters of the option.

What are radio buttons?

Windows Vista and programs that run under Windows Vista use radio buttons to present a
list of mutually exclusive options. You can select only one of the options presented. Radio
buttons are usually round. A dot in the middle indicates that the option is selected.

What are checkboxes?

Checkboxes are another method for selecting options. You click the checkbox to select the
item. An X or a check mark appears in a selected box. You toggle checkboxes on and off by
clicking in the box.

What is a slider?
You use a slider to increase or decrease a value. In the illustration, you increase a value by
moving the slider toward the right; you decrease a value by moving the slider toward the
left.

What is a spinner?

A spinner is a set of arrows located on the side of a text box. You use the up-arrow to
increment a value and the down-arrow to decrement a value. You can also type the value
you want directly into the text box.

Will you explain the Windows Vista color box?

Some programs allow you to adjust colors; for example, you can adjust the color of text in
some programs. The Windows color box provides 48 basic colors. You select a color by
clicking on that color’s square. You can save 16 custom colors. To create a custom color,
expand the window by clicking on the Define Custom Color button. A color matrix box and
a luminosity slider appear. Move the pointer in the color matrix box horizontally to adjust
the hue. Move the pointer vertically to adjust the saturation. Use the luminosity slider to
adjust the luminosity. The Hue, Saturation, Luminosity (HSL) values and Red, Green, Blue
(RGB) values display at the bottom of the window. After you select a color, you can add the
color to a Custom Color square by clicking the Add To Custom Colors button.

The Color|Solid box may display two colors. The left side of the box displays the dithered
color and the right side of the box displays a closely related non-dithered color. There are
256 non-dithering colors. Non-dithering colors should display the same on all computer
monitors; consequently, Web

Introduction

This tutorial is on Pervasive SQL, also known as Scalable SQL, version 3.01 by Btrieve
Technologies, Inc. It was developed for users of Solomon IV version 2.0x; however,
anyone using Scalable SQL will find it useful. You will need a copy of Scalable SQL to
complete the exercises.

SQL

SQL -- pronounced sequel -- stands for Structured Query Language. It is the language used
to access Scalable SQL for Windows data. With SQL, you can query your database

in a variety of ways, using English-like statements.

Tables

A table is a set of columns and rows. Each column is referred to as a field. Each value in a
field represents a single type of data. For example, a table might have three fields: name,
city, and state. The table will consist of three columns: one for name, one for city, and one
for state. For every row in the table, the name field contains the name, the city field
contains the city, and the state field contains the state.

Scalable SQL for Windows

Scalable SQL for Windows contains tables used to store, retrieve, and modify data. As you
enter data into Solomon IV, it is stored in Scalable SQL tables. You can retrieve, add to, and
modify that data by using Scalable SQL for Windows.

Definition of Database

A database is a collection of related data. It can also be viewed as a collection of related

tables.

Tables Used by Solomon IV

To find a list of the tables used by Solomon IV, follow the steps outlined below:

1. Log in to Solomon IV.

2. Click on Help on the Menu bar

3. Click on Solomon Data Fields on the drop-down menu.

4. Click on Solomon IV Application Database

Schema. You will be presented with a screen that lists each module.

5. To see a list of the tables used by a particular module, click on the module name.
6. Then to see a list of the fields in a specific table, click on the table name. You will
be presented with a report.
7. To print the report, click on Print.

Reading the Reports

SQL reports look similar to the ones shown here.

Vendor Training TrnVendor

Add1 String 30 Vendor street address

City String 30 Vendor city

 CurrBal Float 8 Current outstanding balance

ExpAcc String 10 Expense account

Name String 30 Vendor name

State String 3 Vendor city

Vendid String 10 Vendor ID

AP Training Documents TrnAPDoc

CuryDocBal Float 8 Current document balance

DocDate Date 4 Date the document was

created

OpenDoc Logical 2 Is the document unpaid?

OrigDocAmt Float 8 Amount of the original

document

RefNbr String 10 Reference number

Vendid String 10 Vendor ID

The first column of the report lists field names. The second column indicates field types.
The third column indicates field lengths. The fourth and final column provides a
description of the field contents.

The tables just described are similar to the ones used by Solomon IV. We will create these
tables later and use them in our exercises.

Field Type

Field types define the kind of data the field can contain. Scalable SQL supports four major
field types:

String
Numeric
Date and time
Boolean
String -- A string field stores characters. It can also store numbers; however, a number
cannot be used in mathematical calculations unless it is first converted to a numeric.
Scalable SQL supports the following types of strings:

character
lstring1
zstring1
note1
lvar 1

Numeric -- A numeric field stores numbers. You can use the field to perform mathematical
calculations. Scalable SQL supports the following types of numeric fields:

Decimal1
Float1
Integer1
Numeric1

Logical -- A logical field will accept one of only two specified values. Examples are true or
false and yes or no.

Date and time -- Date and time fields accept the date and time.

Length

The length column specifies the maximum number of characters the field will accept.

SQLScope

SQLScope is the interface used to access and manipulate data stored in a Scalable SQL for
Windows database. The following sections describe the interface.

1. To log in to SQLScope:
2. Open SQLScope.
3. In the Database Name field, enter the name of the database you wish to open.

Note: For these exercises, use a test database.

4. Type Master in the User Name field.

5. If a password has been assigned, enter the password in the Password field.
6. Click on Login.

The Menu Bar

The Menu bar is located at the top of the SQLScope screen. It begins with the word File
and continues with Edit, View, Settings, Database, Run, Window, and Help. You use the
menus to give instructions to the software. To use a menu, you point with your mouse at the
menu option and click the left mouse button. A drop-down menu will appear. To select an
option, highlight the item on the drop-down menu and press Enter. An ellipse after a menu
item signifies additional options; if you select that menu item, a dialog box will appear.

The View Options

The View options on the Menu bar control how the SQL Scope interface displays to the
user. The Lists option displays table names, field names, and templates. The Status Bar
displays messages and is located at the very bottom of the screen. Move To buttons display
to the left of the SQL text box; use Move To buttons to move around your SQL text screen
quickly. Run buttons display to the right of the SQL text box; use Run buttons to run your
SQL statement. For these lessons, you should turn on all of these options by following
these instructions:

1. Click on View.
2. Click on any item that does not have a checkmark next to it.

Note: You might have to perform this process several times, because only one
option can be selected at a time. So click on View and then click on any item that
does not have a checkmark next to it. Then click on View again and click on any
additional item that does not have a checkmark next to it. Continue until all items
are checked.

Database in Use

Directly below the Menu bar is the Database field. The name of the current database is
displayed in this field.

Tables

The Tables box lists all of the tables in the database. Clicking on a table name will place the
table name in the SQL text box.

Fields

The Fields box lists all of the fields in a particular table. Clicking on a field name will place
the field name in the SQL text box.

To see a list of the fields in a table:

1. Go to the Tables box.

2. Highlight the table of interest.
3. Click on the >> icon.
4. The field names for the table you highlighted will appear in the Field box.
Templates

The Templates box provides the syntax for commands. If you forget the syntax for a
particular command, click on the command in the template field for a reminder. Refer to
your Scalable SQL for Windows manual for further information. The conventions used in
this guide are not the same as those used by Scalable SQL for Windows.

Conventions Used in this Guide

This guide uses the following conventions to illustrate SQL syntax.

Regular type Standard SQL clause.

Bold User-specified information.

Variable repeated three times Use as many variables as

needed.

... Use as many variables as

needed.

/ Use any one of the items

separated by the slash.

<> Item between brackets is

optional.

Errors

SQL consists of commands you type into the SQLScope text box. If you receive an error
message after entering a SQL command, check your spelling and syntax.
1
Explanation of these terms is beyond the scope of this course.

Creating Tables

You must create your tables before you can enter data into them. Use the Create Table
command.

Syntax:

Create table tablename using filename

(fieldname fieldtype(length),
fieldname fieldtype(length),
fieldname fieldtype(length));

Explanation:

• Table names cannot exceed 20 characters.

• Table names must be unique within a database.
• Field names must be unique within a table.
• You may specify the data file to use. If you do not specify a data file, Scalable SQL
will create one, using a .dat extension.
• The list of fields must be enclosed in parentheses.
• You must specify the field type.

Examples:
Char -- a character string
Float -- a number
Date -- a date field
Logical -- a logical field

• You must specify the field length.

• The field length must be enclosed in parentheses.
• You must separate field definitions with commas.
• You must end each SQL statement with a semicolon.

Example:

Create tables TrnVendor and TrnAPDoc. We will use these tables in the exercises that
follow:

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Create table TrnVendor using 'TVendor.dat'

(VendId char(10),
Name char(30),
Add1 char(30),
City char(30),
State char(3),
CurrBal float(8),
ExpAcct char(10));

Create table TrnAPDoc using 'TAPDoc.dat'

( VendId char(10),
RefNbr char(10),
DocDate date(4),
OrigDocAmt float(8),
CuryDocBal float(8),
OpenDoc logical(2));

2. Execute the commands. To create the first table, click on First, the Run button
located to the right of the SQL text box.
3. You should receive the following message:

Scalable SQL informative status = -105. The CREATE statement completed successfully.

4. Click on Next to create the second table.

5. You should receive the following message:

Scalable SQL informative status = -105. The CREATE statement completed successfully.

Click on Stop to return to the original screen.

Importing Data

You can import data into SQLScope from another data source by using the Insert
command. Before completing the following exercises, you must import data into the tables
you created. The example given in this section will step you through the process.

Syntax:

Insert into tablename

(fieldname, fieldname, fieldname)
Values
(@fieldname, @fieldname, @fieldname);

Explanation:

• Before you can import, you must create a data file in one of the following formats:
o Btreive unformatted (.unf) -- File layout.
 Logical, date, and time fields are in binary format.
 Each row is preceded by its length, followed by a comma.
 Each row is terminated with a carriage return.
o Standard Data Format (.sdf) -- File layout.
 All data is represented in ASCII characters.
 A comma is used to separate fields.
 Character fields are enclosed in double quotes.
 Each row is terminated with a carriage return.
o ASCII
 Each row is preceded by a comma or a space.
 Each field and each row is a specified length.
 Each row is terminated with a carriage return.
o DIF (.dif)
  Each file is made up of two sections: header and data.
 Each row has a standard length.
 Each field has a standard length.
• The Values clause is used to specify substitution variables.
• Substitution variables must be preceded by an @ sign.
• Each field in the Insert statement must be in the same order as the corresponding
field in the data file.

To import data:

Choose Import from the File menu to open the Import dialog box.

1. In the File Type box, specify the type of file you want to import.
2. In the Drive box, specify the appropriate drive.
3. In the Directories box, specify the appropriate directory.
4. In the File Name box, specify the name of the file from which to import.
5. If you would like the process to run in the background while you continue working,
click on the Background field.
6. Click on Import to begin the import process.

Example:

Import data into the TrnVendor and TrnAPDoc files.

1. Download the files:

Click here to download a zip.file

2. Type the following in the SQL text box:

Insert into TrnVendor

(Vendid, Name, Add1, City, State, CurrBal, ExpAcct )
Values
(@Vendid, @Name, @Add1, @City, @State, @CurrBal, @ExpAcct)

3. Click on File on the Menu bar.

4. Click on Import on the drop-down menu to open the Import dialog box.
5. In the Drive box, specify the drive to which you downloaded the files in step #1.
6. In the Directories box, specify the directory to which you downloaded the files in
step #1.
7. In the File Name field, type imvendor.sdf.
8. Click on Import.
9. You should receive the following message:

Importing has completed.

Records: 30
 10. Type the following in the SQL Text box:

Insert into TrnAPDoc

(Vendid, RefNbr, DocDate, OrigDocAmt, CuryDocBal, OpenDoc)
Values
(@Vendid, @RefNbr, @DocDate, @OrigDocAmt, @CuryDocBal, @OpenDoc)

11. Click on File on the Menu bar.

12. Click on Import on the drop-down menu to open the Import dialog box.
13. In the Drive box, specify the drive to which you downloaded the files in step #1.
14. In the Directories box, specify the directory to which you downloaded the files in
step #1.
15. In the File Name field, type imapdoc.sdf.
16. Click on Import.
17. You should receive the following message:

Importing has completed.

Records: 50

Retrieving All Data

Select statements are used to retrieve data from SQL tables. The Select statement
illustrated below retrieves all of the columns and rows from the named table.

Syntax:

Select *
from tablename;

Explanation:

• A Select statement is a SQL statement that begins with the word "select."
• Select statements are used to retrieve data from SQL tables.
• An asterisk after the word "select" means retrieve all fields (columns).
• The name of the table from which you are retrieving data is specified in the From
clause.
• Use a semicolon to signify the end of a SQL statement.

Example:

Retrieve all of the data from the TrnVendor table.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select *
from TrnVendor;
 2. Execute the command by clicking on First, the Run button located to the right of the
SQL text box. The results will display on the screen.
3. Use the horizontal scroll bar to move across the screen. The fields in the Vendor
table will display alphabetically. Use the vertical scroll bar to move up and down
the screen.
4. Click on Stop to return to the original screen.

Results:

VendId Name Add1 City State CurrBal ExpAcct

TV001 Wet Off 66 Keep Toledo OH 1.31300E+001 7230
Towels Dry Way
TV002 The Games 85 Warren NY 4.53170E+002 4110
All Here Olympic
Drive
TV003 BedMakers 97 Chicago IL 5.00000E+002 4120
Linen Comfort
Zone
TV004 Bed Room 4 Hide A Mercer NJ 3.21700E+002 6080
Furniture, Way
Inc.
TV005 Ray Block 90 Detroit MI 1.00123E+003 7230
Sunscreen
Blvd.
TV006 Mosquito 99 Park Ridge NJ 9.67240E+002 6510
No Bite Repellent
Way
TV007 Spot Out 77 Sunset Detroit MI 1.60654E+003 6500
Strip
TV008 Big Tree 44 Broad Monroe NY 3.42980E+002 4110
Landscaping Street
TV009 Hit the Deck 42 Deck Toledo OH 2.34500E+001 4030
Lane
TV010 The Soda 101 Fizz Orlando FL 0.00000E+000 4110
Factory Up Blvd.
TV011 The 1 Trim Mercer NJ -1.09230E 7230
Freelance Way +002
TV012 Paper 80 Pulp New York NY 6.17000E+002 6080
People Fiction
Drive
TV013 Softer 44 User Monroe NY 9.87367E+003 7230
Software Friendly
Dr.
TV014 Counter 26 Shelf Toledo OH 4.28900E+001 6510
Productive Street
TV015 No Waste 5819 Park Ridge NY 1.72098E+003 6500
Disposal Street
Road
TV016 Music 54 Note Chicago IL 4.10914E+003 4110
Maker Street
TV017 Food Four 67 Janice Freeport MA 6.42980E+002 4110
Blvd.
TV018 Computer 10 Youngstown WA 3.45090E+002 7230
Bytes Electric
Dog
Street
TV019 Bayshore 6479 Bay Bayshore CA 4.98050E+002 4110
Consulting Drive
TV020 BayCon 1 Tutorial Burlington NJ 5.10000E+001 4120
Group Lane
TV021 Cooperative 101 Dallas TX 2.00000E+001 6080
Operatives Systems
Go
TV022 Legal 77 Houston TX 3.21516E+003 7230
Lookup Service
Blvd.
TV023 World Wide 11 Freeport MA 7.71060E+002 6510
Learning U Boyardee
Drive
TV024 Enterprise 98 New Freeport MA 1.23498E+003 6500
Transport Worlds
Blvd.
TV025 Against the 54 All Orlando FL 6.47200E+001 4110
Tide Detergent
Way
TV026 Clampett 4268 Dallas TX 0.00000E+000 4030
Oil Jethro
Blvd.
TV027 Narrow 23 Toledo OH 1.60900E+003 4110
Nest Georgia
 Drive
TV028 Distant 1917 Chicago IL 2.69800E+001 7230
Horizons Douglas
Way
TV029 Paltry Play 1818 Chicago IL 1.00000E+003 6080
Johnson
Blvd.
TV030 Make Shift 4 Holiday Chicago IL 1.79323E+003 7230
Tilts Way

Retrieving a Single Column

You can use SQL to retrieve a single column of data.

Syntax:

Select fieldname
from tablename;

Explanation:

• Instead of an asterisk, the name of the field is specified in the Select clause.
• Field names are not case-sensitive. You can type field names in uppercase or
lowercase letters.

Example:

Retrieve the vendor name from each record:

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select Name
from TrnVendor;

2. Click on First, the Run button located to the right of the SQL text box. The results
will display on the screen.
3. Use the vertical scroll bar to move up and down the screen.
4. Click on Stop to return to the original screen.

Results:

Name
Wet Off Towels
The Games All Here
BedMakers Linen
Bed Room Furniture, Inc.
Ray Block
Mosquito No Bite
Spot Out
Big Tree Landscaping
Hit the Deck
The Soda Factory
The Freelance
Paper People
Softer Software
Counter Productive
No Waste Disposal
Music Maker
Food Four
Computer Bytes
Bayshore Consulting
BayCon Group
Cooperative Operatives
Legal Lookup
World Wide Learning U
Enterprise Transport
Against the Tide
Clampett Oil
Narrow Nest
Distant Horizons
Paltry Play
Make Shift Tilts
Retrieving Multiple Columns

You can use SQL to retrieve multiple columns.

Syntax:

Select fieldname, fieldname, fieldname

from tablename;

Explanation:

• When retrieving multiple columns, specify each field name.

• A comma must separate field names.
• The columns will display in the order you select them.
• Numbers display in scientific notation.

Example:

Retrieve the vendor ID, name, and current balance for each record:

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select VendId, Name, CurrBal

from TrnVendor;

2. Execute the command by clicking on First, the Run button located to the right of the
SQL text box. The results will display on the screen.
3. Use the vertical scroll bar to move up and down the screen.
4. Click on Stop to return to the original screen

Results:

VendId Name CurrBal

TV001 Wet Off Towels 1.31300E+001
TV002 The Games All Here 4.53170E+002
TV003 BedMakers Linen 5.00000E+002
TV004 Bed Room Furniture, Inc. 3.21700E+002
TV005 Ray Block 1.00123E+003
TV006 Mosquito No Bite 9.67240E+002
TV007 Spot Out 1.60654E+003
TV008 Big Tree Landscaping 3.42980E+002
TV009 Hit the Deck 2.34500E+001
TV010 The Soda Factory 0.00000E+000
TV011 The Freelance -1.09230E+002
TV012 Paper People 6.17000E+002
TV013 Softer Software 9.87367E+003
TV014 Counter Productive 4.28900E+001
TV015 No Waste Disposal 1.72098E+003
TV016 Music Maker 4.10914E+003
TV017 Food Four 6.42980E+002
TV018 Computer Bytes 3.45090E+002
TV019 Bayshore Consulting 4.98050E+002
TV020 BayCon Group 5.10000E+001
TV021 Cooperative Operatives 2.00000E+001
TV022 Legal Lookup 3.21516E+003
TV023 World Wide Learning U 7.71060E+002
TV024 Enterprise Transport 1.23498E+003
TV025 Against the Tide 6.47200E+001
TV026 Clampet Oil 0.00000E+000
TV027 Narrow Nest 1.60900E+003
TV028 Distant Horizons 2.69800E+001
TV029 Paltry Play 1.00000E+003
TV030 Make Shift Tilts 1.79323E+003

Formatting Numbers

By default, Scalable SQL displays numbers using scientific notation. To change the format,
you must add a mask.

Syntax:

Select fieldname<mask>, fieldname<mask>, fieldname<mask>

from tablename;

Explanation:

• Number masks tell SQL how to display numbers.

• The symbols in the table below define the format mask.
• Enclose number masks in brackets.
Number Masks

9 Display number.

Z Display number, drop leading

zeros.

+ Display a plus in front of

positive numbers.
Display a negative in front of
negative numbers.

- Display a negative in front of

negative numbers.
Display nothing in front of
positive numbers.

() Display negative numbers

enclosed in parentheses.

. Display decimal point.

$ Display dollar sign.

, Use comma to separate

thousands.

Example:

Retrieve the vendor ID, name, and current balance for all vendors. Format the current
balance:

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select VendId, Name, CurrBal [($Z,ZZZ,ZZZ.99)]

from TrnVendor;

2. Execute the statement by clicking on First, the Run button located to the right of the
SQL text box. The results will display on the screen.
3. Click on Stop to return to the original screen.

Results:
VendId Name CurrBal
TV001 Wet Off Towels $13.13
TV002 The Games All Here $453.17
TV003 BedMakers Linen $500.00
TV004 Bed Room Furniture, Inc. $321.70
TV005 Ray Block $1,001.23
TV006 Mosquito No Bite $967.24
TV007 Spot Out $1,606.54
TV008 Big Tree Landscaping $342.98
TV009 Hit the Deck $23.45
TV010 The Soda Factory $0.00
TV011 The Freelance ($109.23)
TV012 Paper People $617.00
TV013 Softer Software $9,873.67
TV014 Counter Productive $42.89
TV015 No Waste Disposal $1,720.98
TV016 Music Maker $4,109.14
TV017 Food Four $642.98
TV018 Computer Bytes $345.09
TV019 Bayshore Consulting $498.05
TV020 BayCon Group $51.00
TV021 Cooperative Operatives $20.00
TV022 Legal Lookup $3,215.16
TV023 World Wide Learning U $771.06
TV024 Enterprise Transport $1,234.98
TV025 Against the Tide $64.72
TV026 Clampett Oil $0.00
TV027 Narrow Nest $1,609.00
TV028 Distant Horizons $26.98
TV029 Paltry Play $1,000.00
TV030 Make Shift Tilts $1,793.23
Ordering Rows

Data is stored in Scalable SQL in no particular sequence. If you want to see your data
displayed in sequence, you must add an Order By clause to your Select statement.

Syntax:

Select */fieldname<mask> ...

from tablename
order by fieldname;

Explanation:

• The Order By clause tells SQL you want the specified fields displayed in ascending
order (ordered from A to Z, 1 to 100).

Example:

Retrieve the city, vendor Id, and name from the TrnVendor table. Order your data by city:

1. In the SQL text box type:

Select City, VendId, Name

from TrnVendor
order by City;

2. Execute the SQL statement

Results:

City VendId Name

Bayshore TV019 Bayshore Consulting
Burlington TV020 BayCon Group
Chicago TV003 BedMakers Linen
Chicago TV016 Music Maker
Chicago TV028 Distant Horizons
Chicago TV029 Paltry Play
Chicago TV030 Make Shift Tilts
Dallas TV021 Cooperative Operatives
Dallas TV026 Clampett Oil
Detroit TV005 Ray Block
Detroit TV007 Spot Out
Freeport TV017 Food Four
Freeport TV023 World Wide Learning U
Freeport TV024 Enterprise Transport
Houston TV022 Legal Lookup
Mercer TV004 Bed Room Furniture, Inc.
Mercer TV011 The Freelance
Monroe TV008 Big Tree Landscaping
Monroe TV013 Softer Software
New York TV012 Paper People
Orlando TV010 The Soda Factory
Orlando TV025 Against the Tide
Park Ridge TV006 Mosquito No Bite
Park Ridge TV015 No Waste Disposal
Toledo TV001 Wet Off Towels
Toledo TV009 Hit the Deck
Toledo TV014 Counter Productive
Toledo TV027 Narrow Nest
Warren TV002 The Games All Here
Youngstown TV018 Computer Bytes

Displaying Rows in Descending Order

If you would like to see fields displayed in descending order, follow the field name with
"desc" in the Order By clause.

Syntax:

Select */fieldname ...

from tablename
order by fieldname <desc> ...

Explanation:

• By default, the Order By clause tells SQL you want the field displayed in ascending
order.
 • Typing "desc" after the field name in the Order By clause tells SQL you want the
data in the field displayed in descending order (Z to A, 100 to 1).

Example:

Retrieve the city, vendor ID, and name from the TrnVendor table. Order your data by city
in descending order:

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, VendId, Name

from TrnVendor
order by City desc;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results

City VendId Name

Youngstown TV018 Computer Bytes
Warren TV002 The Games All Here
Toledo TV027 Narrow Nest
Toledo TV014 Counter Productive
Toledo TV009 Hit the Deck
Toledo TV001 Wet Off Towels
Park Ridge TV015 No Waste Disposal
Park Ridge TV006 Mosquito No Bite
Orlando TV025 Against the Tide
Orlando TV010 The Soda Factory
New York TV012 Paper People
Monroe TV013 Softer Software
Monroe TV008 Big Tree Landscaping
Mercer TV011 The Freelance
Mercer TV004 Bed Room Furniture, Inc.
Houston TV022 Legal Lookup
Freeport TV024 Enterprise Transport
Freeport TV023 World Wide Learning U
Freeport TV017 Food Four
Detroit TV007 Spot Out
Detroit TV005 Ray Block
Dallas TV026 Clampett Oil
Dallas TV021 Cooperative Operatives
Chicago TV030 Make Shift Tilts
Chicago TV029 Paltry Play
Chicago TV028 Distant Horizons
Chicago TV016 Music Maker
Chicago TV003 BedMakers Linen
Burlington TV020 BayCon Group
Bayshore TV019 Bayshore Consulting

Ordering Multiple Columns

When ordering your data, you can have multiple sort levels. For example, you can order
your data by city and then by name within the city.

Syntax:

Select fieldname, fieldname, fieldname

from tablename
order by fieldname <desc>, fieldname <desc>, fieldname <desc>

Explanation:

• By default, the Order By clause orders the specified fields in ascending order.
• Typing "desc" after a field name in the Order By clause tells SQL you want the data
in the specified field displayed in descending order (Z to A, 100 to 1).
• The first field name specified is the primary sort order, the second field name
specified is the secondary sort order, and so on ...

Example:

Retrieve the city, name, and vendor ID from the TrnVendor table. Order your data by city
and then by name within city:

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, Name, VendId

from TrnVendor
order by City, Name;
 2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results

City Name VendId

Bayshore Bayshore Consulting TV019
Burlington BayCon Group TV020
Chicago BedMakers Linen TV003
Chicago Distant Horizons TV028
Chicago Make Shift Tilts TV030
Chicago Music Maker TV016
Chicago Paltry Play TV029
Dallas Clampett Oil TV026
Dallas Cooperative Operatives TV021
Detroit Ray Block TV005
Detroit Spot Out TV007
Freeport Enterprise Transport TV024
Freeport Food Four TV017
Freeport World Wide Learning U TV023
Houston Legal Lookup TV022
Mercer Bed Room Furniture, Inc. TV004
Mercer The Freelance TV011
Monroe Big Tree Landscaping TV008
Monroe Softer Software TV013
New York Paper People TV012
Orlando Against the Tide TV025
Orlando The Soda Factory TV010
Park Ridge Mosquito No Bite TV006
Park Ridge No Waste Disposal TV015
Toledo Counter Productive TV014
Toledo Hit the Deck TV009
Toledo Narrow Nest TV027
Toledo Wet Off Towels TV001
Warren The Games All Here TV002
Youngstown Computer Bytes TV018

Retrieving Specific Rows

So far, you have been retrieving all of the rows in the table. You can, however, specify
which rows you wish to retrieve. For example, you could retrieve only those vendors who
are in Chicago.

Syntax:

Select */fieldname ...

from tablename
where fieldname =/!=/<>/>/>=/</<=/in/not in/between/not between/begins
with/contains/not contains/ is null/is not null/like/not/like value
order by fieldname <desc>...

Explanation:

• You can use any of the following logical operators in your Where clause to restrict
the rows you retrieve.

Logical Operators

= Equal to

!= or <> Not equal to

> Greater than

>= Greater than or equal to

< Less than

<= Less than or equal to

in Equal to any item in a list

not in Not equal to any item in a list

between Between two values,

greater than or equal to one and
less than or equal to the other
 not between Not between two values

begins with Begins with specified value

contains Contains specified value

not contains Does not contain specified value

is null Is blank

is not null Is not blank

like Like a specified pattern.

% means any series of
characters.
_ means any single character.

not like Not like a specified pattern.

% means any series of
characters.
_ means many single character.
• In the Where clause, when referring to variables in character fields, you must
enclose the values in single quotes.

Example:
where City = 'Chicago'

• Variables that refer to numeric fields should not be enclosed in quotes.

Example:
where CurrBal > 1200

Examples:

Retrieve all vendors located in Chicago.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, Name, VendId

from TrnVendor
where City = 'Chicago';'

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

City Name VendId

Chicago BedMakers Linen TV003
Chicago Music Maker TV016
Chicago Distant Horizons TV028
Chicago Paltry Play TV029
Chicago Make Shift Tilts TV030

Retrieve all vendors who are not located in Chicago. Order the results by city.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, Name, VendId

from TrnVendor
where City <> 'Chicago'
order by City;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

City Name VendId

Bayshore Bayshore Consulting TV019
Burlington BayCon Group TV020
Dallas Cooperative Operatives TV021
Dallas Clampett Oil TV026
Detroit Ray Block TV005
Detroit Spot Out TV007
Freeport Food Four TV017
Freeport World Wide Learning U TV023
Freeport Enterprise Transport TV024
Houston Legal Lookup TV022
Mercer Bed Room Furniture, Inc. TV004
Mercer The Freelance TV011
Monroe Big Tree Landscaping TV008
Monroe Softer Software TV013
New York Paper People TV012
Orlando The Soda Factory TV010
Orlando Against the Tide TV025
Park Ridge Mosquito No Bite TV006
Park Ridge No Waste Disposal TV015
Toledo Wet Off Towels TV001
Toledo Hit the Deck TV009
Toledo Counter Productive TV014
Toledo Narrow Nest TV027
Warren The Games All Here TV002
Youngstown Computer Bytes TV018

Retrieve all vendors in Mercer, New York, or Park Ridge.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, Name, VendId

from TrnVendor
where City in ( 'Mercer', 'New York', 'Park Ridge')
order by City;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

City Name VendId

Mercer Bed Room Furniture, Inc. TV004
Mercer The Freelance TV011
New York Paper People TV012
Park Ridge Mosquito No Bite TV006
Park Ridge No Waste Disposal TV015

Retrieve all vendors whose names begin with "Co."

 1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select Name, City, VendId

from TrnVendor
where Name begins with 'Co'
order by Name;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

Name City VendId

Computer Bytes Youngstown TV018
Cooperative Operatives Dallas TV021
Counter Productive Toledo TV014

Retrieve all vendors whose city ends with the letters "do."

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select Name, City, VendId

from TrnVendor
where City like '%do'
order by City;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

Name City VendId

The Soda Factory Orlando TV010
Against the Tide Orlando TV025
Wet Off Towels Toledo TV001
Hit the Deck Toledo TV009
Counter Productive Toledo TV014
Narrow Nest Toledo TV027

Retrieve all vendors with a current balance between 500 and 1000 dollars.
 1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select VendId, Name, CurrBal [ZZ,ZZZ.99]

from TrnVendor
where CurrBal between 500 and 1000
order by CurrBal;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

VendId Name CurrBal

TV003 BedMakers Linen 500
TV012 Paper People 617
TV017 Food Four 642.98
TV023 World Wide Learning U 771.06
TV006 Mosquito No Bite 967.24
TV029 Paltry Play 1,000

Multiple Conditions

You can add multiple criteria to your Where clauses by using "and" or "or."

Syntax:

Select */fieldname<mask> ...

from tablename ...
where fieldname =/!=/<> ... value
and/or
fieldname =/!=/<>... value
and/or
fieldname =/!=/<> ... value
order by fieldname <desc> ...

Explanation:

• The and tells SQL to retrieve the record if both conditions are met.
• The or tells SQL to retrieve the record if either condition is met.
• The or is less restrictive and retrieves more records.
• If multiple ands and ors are used, the ands are evaluated first, and then the ors.
• Use parentheses to change precedence (the order of evaluation).

Examples:
Retrieve all vendors who are located in Chicago and have a current balance over 1,500
dollars. Order the results by current balance.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select Name, City, CurrBal [-ZZ,ZZZ.99]

from TrnVendor
where City = 'Chicago'
and CurrBal > 1500
order by CurrBal;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

Name City CurrBal

Make Shift Tilts Chicago 1,793.23
Music Maker Chicago 4,109.14

Retrieve all vendors who are located in Chicago or who have a current balance over 1,500
dollars.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select Name, City, CurrBal [-ZZ,ZZZ.99]

from TrnVendor
where City = 'Chicago'
or CurrBal > 1500
order by CurrBal;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Name City CurrBal

Distant Horizons Chicago 26.98
BedMakers Linen Chicago 500.00
Paltry Play Chicago 1,000.00
Spot Out Detroit 1,606.54
Narrow Nest Toledo 1,609.00
No Waste Disposal Park Ridge 1,720.98
Make Shift Tilts Chicago 1,793.23
Legal Lookup Houston 3,215.16
Music Maker Chicago 4,109.14
Softer Software Monroe 9,873.67

The next two SQL statements use exactly the same syntax except that the order of
precedence is different (note parentheses in second example).

Retrieve all vendors from Chicago whose expense account is 4110 or any vendor with a
current balance over 1200.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, CurrBal [-ZZZ,ZZZ.99], ExpAcct

from TrnVendor
where City = 'Chicago'
and ExpAcct = '4110'
or CurrBal < 1200
order by City, ExpAcct;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

City CurrBal ExpAcct

Bayshore 498.05 4110
Burlington 51.00 4120
Chicago 4,109.14 4110
Chicago 500.00 4120
Chicago 1,000.00 6080
Chicago 26.98 7230
Dallas 0.00 4030
Dallas 20.00 6080
Detroit 1,001.23 7230
Freeport 642.98 4110
Freeport 771.06 6510
Mercer 321.70 6080
Mercer -109.23 7230
Monroe 342.98 4110
New York 617.00 6080
Orlando 0.00 4110
Orlando 64.72 4110
Park Ridge 967.24 6510
Toledo 23.45 4030
Toledo 42.89 6510
Toledo 13.13 7230
Warren 453.17 4110
Youngstown 345.09 7230

Retrieve all vendors whose expense account is 4110 or who have a current balance over
1200. The vendor must be located in Chicago.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select City, CurrBal [-ZZZ,ZZZ.99], ExpAcct

from Vendor
where City = 'Chicago'
and (ExpAcct = '4110'
or CurrBal > 1200)
order by City, ExpAcct;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

City CurrBal ExpAcct

Chicago 0.00 4030
Chicago 4,135.24 4110
Chicago 1,309.95 4110
Chicago 100.00 6010
Chicago 500.00 6040
Chicago 47.00 7010
Chicago 106.00 7190
Joining Tables

So far, you have worked exclusively with a single table -- the TrnVendor table. You might
have noticed that each module within Solomon IV consists of several tables. Within the
Accounts Payable module, you will find the following tables: APAdjust, APDoc, APHist,
APRefNbr, APSetup, APTran, and Vendor. Each table contains specific information. At
times, you might need to join two or more tables to retrieve the information you need. For
example, if you look at the TrnAPDoc table, you will see that it contains the vendor ID;
however, it does not contain the vendor name. If, when retrieving information from the
APDoc table, you want to see the vendor name, you have to join the TrnVendor table to the
TrnAPDoc table.

Syntax:

Select */tablename.fieldname<mask> ...

from tablename <alias>, tablename <alias>, tablename <alias>
where tablename.fieldname = tablename.fieldname
and
tablename.fieldname = tablename.fieldname
and
tablename.fieldname = tablename.fieldname
order by fieldname <desc>...

Explanation:

• When you join two or more tables, a good idea is to precede the field names with
the table names. This is not mandatory unless the same field name is found in more
than one table.
• If you precede the field name with a table name, place a period between the two
names. For example, tablename.fieldname.
• You must specify which fields are being joined.
• If you do not specify which fields are being joined, the result is what is commonly
referred to as a "Cartesian join" in which all rows in the first table are joined with
all rows in the second table.
• You can give each table name an alias, or alternative table name. When you assign
an alias, you can then refer to the table by using its alias.

Examples:

Retrieve the vendor ID, the vendor name, and the original document amount from the
TrnAPDoc and TrnVendor tables.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select TrnAPDoc.VendId, TrnVendor.Name,

TrnAPDoc.OrigDocAmt [-ZZZZZZ.99]
from TrnAPDoc, TrnVendor
where TrnAPDoc.VendId = TrnVendor.VendId;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

TrnAPDoc.VendId TrnVendor.Name TrnAPDoc.OrigDocAmt

TV020 BayCon Group 542.98
TV019 Bayshore 237.60
Consulting
TV018 Computer Bytes 55.50
TV017 Food Four 55.50
TV016 Music Maker 55.50
TV015 No Waste Disposal 55.50
TV014 Counter Productive 100.00
TV013 Softer Software 355.00
TV012 Paper People 55.50
TV001 Wet Off Towels 55.50
TV010 The Soda Factory 55.50
TV009 Hit the Deck 55.50
TV008 Big Tree 55.50
Landscaping
TV007 Spot Out 55.50
TV006 Mosquito No Bite 55.50
TV005 Ray Block 625.00
TV004 Bed Room 55.50
Furniture, Inc.
TV003 BedMakers Linen 55.50
TV002 The Games All 55.50
Here
TV001 Wet Off Towels 55.50
TV029 Paltry Play 987.78
TV028 Distant Horizons 789.00
TV027 Narrow Nest 893.22
TV026 Clampett Oil 1250.50
TV005 Ray Block 736.99
TV024 Enterprise 652.00
Transport
TV023 World Wide 459.00
Learning U
TV002 The Games All 104.00
Here
TV021 Cooperative 549.06
Operatives
TV020 BayCon Group 2566.24
TV019 Bayshore 20.00
Consulting
TV018 Computer Bytes 50.00
TV017 Food Four 30.00
TV016 Music Maker 300.00
TV015 No Waste Disposal 35.00
TV014 Counter Productive 5.00
TV013 Softer Software 10.00
TV012 Paper People 20.00
TV001 Wet Off Towels 8.25
TV010 The Soda Factory 108.25
TV009 Hit the Deck 21300.00
TV008 Big Tree 300.00
Landscaping
TV007 Spot Out 7000.00
TV006 Mosquito No Bite 400.00
TV005 Ray Block 3600.00
TV004 Bed Room 3600.00
Furniture, Inc.
TV003 BedMakers Linen 3000.00
TV002 The Games All 1000.00
Here
TV001 Wet Off Towels 6000.00
Retrieve the vendor ID, vendor name, and the original document amount from the
TrnAPDoc and TrnVendor tables, using a table alias.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select a.VendId, b.Name,

a.OrigDocAmt [-ZZZZZZ.99]
from TrnAPDoc a, TrnVendor b
where a.VendId = b.VendId;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

a.VendId b.Name a.OrigDocAmt

TV020 BayCon Group 542.98
TV019 Bayshore Consulting 237.60
TV018 Computer Bytes 55.50
TV017 Food Four 55.50
TV016 Music Maker 55.50
TV015 No Waste Disposal 55.50
TV014 Counter Productive 100.00
TV013 Softer Software 355.00
TV012 Paper People 55.50
TV001 Wet Off Towels 55.50
TV010 The Soda Factory 55.50
TV009 Hit the Deck 55.50
TV008 Big Tree Landscaping 55.50
TV007 Spot Out 55.50
TV006 Mosquito No Bite 55.50
TV005 Ray Block 625.00
TV004 Bed Room Furniture, 55.50
Inc.
TV003 BedMakers Linen 55.50
TV002 The Games All Here 55.50
TV001 Wet Off Towels 55.50
TV001 Wet Off Towels 55.50
TV029 Paltry Play 987.78
TV028 Distant Horizons 789.00
TV027 Narrow Nest 893.22
TV026 Clampett Oil 1250.50
TV005 Ray Block 736.99
TV024 Enterprise Transport 652.00
TV023 World Wide Learning 459.00
U
TV002 The Games All Here 104.00
TV021 Cooperative Operatives 549.06
TV020 BayCon Group 2566.24
TV019 Bayshore Consulting 20.00
TV018 Computer Bytes 50.00
TV017 Food Four 30.00
TV016 Music Maker 300.00
TV015 No Waste Disposal 35.00
TV014 Counter Productive 5.00
TV013 Softer Software 10.00
TV012 Paper People 20.00
TV001 Wet Off Towels 8.25
TV010 The Soda Factory 108.25
TV009 Hit the Deck 21300.00
TV008 Big Tree Landscaping 300.00
TV007 Spot Out 7000.00
TV006 Mosquito No Bite 400.00
TV005 Ray Block 3600.00
TV004 Bed Room Furniture, 3600.00
Inc.
TV003 BedMakers Linen 3000.00
TV002 The Games All Here 1000.00
TV001 Wet Off Towels 6000.00
Retrieve the vendor ID, vendor name, reference number, and original document amount
from the APDoc and Vendor tables for Vendor V00104. Order the results by RefNbr.

1. In the SQL text box, type:

Select TrnAPDoc.VendId, TrnVendor.Name, TrnAPDoc.RefNbr,

TrnAPDoc.OrigDocAmt [-ZZZZZZ.99]
from TrnAPDoc, TrnVendor
where TrnAPDoc.VendId = TrnVendor.VendId
and
TrnAPdoc.VendId = 'TV004'
order by TrnAPDoc.RefNbr;

2. Execute the SQL statement.

Results:

TrnAPDoc.VendId TrnVendor.Name TrnAPDoc.RefNbr TrnAPDoc.OrigDocAmt

TV004 Bed Room 000222 55.50
Furniture, Inc.
TV004 Bed Room 000551 3600.00
Furniture, Inc.

Updating Tables

So far, you have looked at several different ways to retrieve and review your data. In this
section, you will learn how to update your data. In the following two sections, you will
learn about deleting and inserting rows. When you update, delete, and insert, you change
the data -- you should perform these operations very cautiously. Before performing any of
these operations on a production database, make sure your data is backed up and use
the Start Transaction command. If you use the Start Transaction command, all of your
changes are temporary until you commit your work and can be rolled back . If you have
issued the Start Transaction command, you can undo your changes simply by typing
"rollback work."

NOTE: The exercises that follow should not be performed on a production database. Use a
test or trial database.

Syntax:

Start transaction;

Update tablename
set fieldname = value
where fieldname = value;
Rollback work;

Commit work;

Explanation:

• Issue a Start Transaction command before updating your table. This will allow you
to roll back the changes, if necessary. If you do not issue a Start Transaction
command, you will not be able the roll back your work.
• If you find that you have updated a row in error, execute the Rollback Work
command.
• When you are satisfied with your changes, issue the Commit Work command.
• Use a Where clause to specify which rows will be updated. If you do not include
a Where clause, all rows will be updated.
• Remember to end each command with a semicolon.

Example:

Change the name of vendor "TV001" to Genie R. Corp., and then roll back the change.
Then change the name of vendor "TV001" to Vanix and commit your work.

1. To start the transaction, type:

Start transaction;

2. Note the current vendor name, and type:

Select VendId, Name

from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';

3. To update the vendor name, type:

Update TrnVendor
Set Name = 'Genie R Corp.'
Where VendId = 'TV001';

4. To check the vendor name to see that it has changed, type:

Select VendId, Name

from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';

5. To roll back the change, type:

Rollback work;
 6. To check the vendor name to see that it has reverted to the original, type:

Select VendId, Name

from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';

7. To update the vendor name, type:

Update TrnVendor
Set Name = 'Vanix'
Where VendId = 'TV001';

8. To check the vendor name to see that it has changed, type:

Select VendId, Name

from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';

9. To commit the change, type:

Commit work;

Note: You can run multiple SQL statements at the same time, as in the following
example.

To run all of the SQL statements in the previous exercise, type all of the commands in the
SQL text box as shown here. Then click on First to execute the first statement and Next to
execute each subsequent statement.

Start transaction;
Select VendId, Name
from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';
Update TrnVendor
Set Name = 'Genie R Corp.'
Where VendId = 'TV001';
Select VendId, Name
from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';
Rollback work;
Select VendId, Name
from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';
Update TrnVendor
Set Name = 'Vanix Corp.'
Where VendId = 'TV001';
Select VendId, Name
from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV001';

Deleting Rows

You can use Scalable SQL to delete rows of data.

Syntax:

Delete from tablename

where fieldname =/<>/ ... value
and/or ...
fieldname =/<>/ ... value
and/or
fieldname =/<>/ ... value

Explanation:

• If you do not include a Where clause, all of the rows in the table will be deleted.
• Every table has a primary key -- a field or combination of fields that uniquely
identify each row in the table. VendId is the primary key for the vendor table. Each
vendor is uniquely identified by the vendor Id. RefNbr is the primary key for
APDoc.
• If you want to delete a single row of data, you can refer to the row in the Where
clause by using the primary key.
• When deleting data, use the Start Transaction command so that any errors can be
rolled back.
• Use the Rollback Work command to undo changes.
• Use the Commit Work command to finalize changes.

Examples:

Delete vendor TV011 by executing the following commands.

1. To view the record, type:

Select *
from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV011';

2. To start the transaction, type:

Start transaction;

3. To delete the record, type:

Delete from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV011 ';

4. To check to make sure the records have been deleted, type:

Select *
from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV011';

5. To roll back the deletion, type:

Rollback work;

Delete all vendors with a current balance over 2000 dollars.

1. To view the records, type:

Select Name, CurrBal [-ZZZ,ZZZ.99]

from TrnVendor
where CurrBal > 2000;

2. To start the transaction, type:

Start transaction;

3. To delete the records, type:

Delete from TrnVendor

where CurrBal > 2000;

4. To check to make sure the records have been deleted, type:

Select Name, CurrBal [-ZZZ,ZZZ.99]

from TrnVendor
where CurrBal > 2000;

5. To roll back the deletion, type:

Rollback work;

Inserting Rows
You can insert new rows into a table by using Scalable SQL.
Syntax:

Insert into tablename ( fieldname, fieldname, fieldname)

values ( value, value, value);

Explanation:

• When inserting data, use the Start Transaction command so that any errors can be
rolled back.
• You must specify the values to be inserted.
• When performing an insert, enclose character values in single quotes.
• Do not enclose numeric values in single quotes.
• Use the Rollback Work command to undo changes.
• Use the Commit Work command to finalize changes.

Example:

Insert the following vendor into the TrnVendor table.

Vendor Id: TV055

Name: Party Games
Address: PO Box 136
City: Chicago
State: IL
Current Balance: 2498.62

1. To start the transaction, type:

Start transaction;

2. To insert the records, type:

Insert into TrnVendor (VendId, Name, Addr1, City, State,

CurrBal )
values ( 'TV055', 'Party Games', 'PO Box 136', 'Chicago', 'IL', 2498.62);

3. To view the record, type:

Select VendId, Name, Addr1, City, State, CurrBal [-ZZZ,ZZZ.99]

from TrnVendor
where VendId = 'TV055';

4. To roll back your work, type:

Rollback work;
Lesson 1: The PowerPoint Screen

You use PowerPoint to create effective slide show presentations. The PowerPoint screen
has many elements.

Title Bar

The Title bar generally appears at the top of the screen. The Title bar displays the title of
the current presentation.

Menu Bar

The Menu bar displays the menu. You use the menu to give instructions to PowerPoint.

Standard and Formatting Toolbars

PowerPoint has several toolbars. Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. The most
commonly used toolbars are the Standard and Formatting toolbars. You use the Standard
toolbar to do such things as open a file; save a file; print a file; check spelling; cut, copy,
and paste; undo and redo; or insert a chart or table. You use the Formatting toolbar to
change the font, font size or font color; bold, underline, or italicize text; left align, right
align, center, or justify; bullet or number lists; highlight; or decrease or increase the indent.
Rulers

Rulers are vertical and horizontal guides. You use them to determine where you want to
place an object. They are marked in inches.

Placeholders

Placeholders hold the objects in your slide. You use placeholders to hold text, clip art, and
charts.

Status Bar

The Status bar generally appears at the bottom the screen. The Status bar displays the
number of the slide that is currently displayed, the total number of slides, and the name of
the design template in use or the name of the background.

Outline Tab

The Outline displays the text contained in your presentation.

Slides Tab

The Slides tab displays a thumbnail of all your slides. You click the thumbnail to view the
slide in the Slide pane.

View Buttons

The View buttons appear near the bottom of the screen. You use the view buttons to change
between Normal view, Slider Sorter view, and the Slide Show.

Normal View
Normal view splits you screen into three major sections: the Outline and Slides
tabs, the Slide pane, and the Task pane. The Outline and Slides tabs are on the left
side of your screen. They enable you to shift between two different ways of viewing
your slides. The Slides tab shows thumbnails of your slides. The Outline tab shows
the text on your slides. The Slide pane is located in the center of your screen. The
Slide pane shows a large view of the slide on which you are currently working. The
Task pane is located on the right side of your screen. The Tasks pane enables you to
select the task you want to perform.

Slide Sorter View

Slide Sorter view enables you to view thumbnails of all your slides. In Slide Sorter
view you can easily add, delete, or change the order of your slides. When you are in
Slide Sorter view, a special Formatting toolbar appears. It has options that allow
you to make changes to your slides
.
Slide Show
Use the Slide Show view when you want to view your slides, as they will look in
your final presentation. When in Slide Show view:
Esc Returns you to the view you were using previously.

Left- Moves you to the next slide or animation effect. When

clicking you reach the last slide, you automatically return to
your last view.

Right- Opens a pop-up menu. You can use this menu to

clicking navigate the slides, add speaker notes, select a pointer,
and mark your presentation.

Drawing Toolbar

The Drawing toolbar generally appears near the bottom of the screen. It contains tools for
creating and editing graphics.

Common Tasks Buttons

Using the common tasks buttons, you can select the type of tasks you want to perform.

Task Pane

The Task pane enables you to select the specific task you want to perform.

Vertical Splitter Bar

You can click and drag the vertical splitter bar to change the size of your panes.

Minimize Button

You use the Minimize button to remove a window from view. While a window is
minimized, its title appears on the taskbar.

Maximize/Restore Button

You use the Maximize button to cause a window to fill the screen. After you maximize a
window, if you click the Restore button, the window returns to its former size.

Close Button
You use the Close button to exit the window and close the program.

Lesson 2: PowerPoint Overview

When you start PowerPoint, PowerPoint displays the Title Slide in the Slide pane. You can
type the title of your presentation and a subtitle on this side. To enter text on the Title Slide:

• Click and type the title of your presentation in the "Click to add title" area.
• Click and type a subtitle in the "Click to add subtitle" area.

If you do not wish to use the Title Slide, choose Edit > Delete slide from the menu to delete
it.

Create New Slides

After completing your title slide, you can create additional slides. To create a new slide:

1. Do one of the following:

o Choose Insert > New Slide from the menu.

o Click the New Slide button .

o Press Ctrl-M.

The Apply Slide Layout pane will appear on the right side of the screen. The Apply Slide
Layout pane provides you with slide templates you can use when creating your PowerPoint
presentation. There are four types of Text Layout templates.

Title Slide - The Title Slide contains two text placeholders that you can use to display a title
and a subtitle of your presentation.

Title Only - The Title Only slide contains a single placeholder. You can use it to display a
title.

Title and Text - The Title and Text template provides a placeholder for a title and a
placeholder for text.

Title and 2 Column Text - The Title and Text template provides a placeholder for a title and
two placeholders for text.

2. To select a layout, click the layout you want in the Apply Slide Layout pane. The
layout will then appear in the Slide pane.
 3. To add text, click inside the placeholder and type.
4. To add an additional slide to your presentation do one of the following:
o Right-click on the slide layout. A menu will appear. Choose Insert New
Slide.
o Click the down arrow next to the slide layout. A menu will appear). Choose
Insert New Slide.

Change Your Slides

After creating a slide, if you want to add text:

1. Place the cursor at the point at which you would like to add text.
2. Type the information you want to add.

If you would like to change text:

1. Highlight the text you want to change.

2. Type the new text.

You can use the backspace key to delete text. You can also delete text by highlighting the
text and pressing the Delete key.

Apply a Design Template

Design templates provide attractive backgrounds for your PowerPoint slides. To apply a
design template:

1. Do one of the following:

o Choose Format > Slide Design from the menu.

o Click the Slide Design icon .

Design templates will appear on the right side of the screen.

2. To apply a design template to all of the slides in your presentation do one of the
following:
o Click on the design template.
o Right-click on the template. A menu will appear. Choose Apply to All Slides.
o Click on the down arrow next to the template. A menu will appear. Choose
Apply to All Slides.
Correct Spelling

Using the PowerPoint spell checker, you can check the spelling in you PowerPoint
documents.

1. To start spell check, do one of the following:

o Choose Tools > Spelling from the menu.
o Press F7.
o Click the Spell Check icon.

If there are possible spelling errors, the Spelling dialog box will open.

Task Procedure
Do not change spelling. Click Ignore.
Correct spelling. 1. Click the correct spelling in the
Suggestions box.

2. Click Change.
Add to Dictionary. Click Add.
Word is Correct. Do not change Click Ignore All.
document.
Word is incorrect. Change entire Click Change All.
document.

Sorter View

After you have created your PowerPoint slides, you can move, cut, copy, paste, duplicate,
navigate, and view them in Sorter view. To view the slides in Sorter view, do one of the
following:

o Choose View > Slide Sorter from the menu.

o Click the Slide Sorter View icon.
 Slide Sorter View
Task Procedure
Move to first slide. Ctrl-Home
Move to last slide. Ctrl-End
Move to next slide. Right arrow
Move to previous slide. Left arrow
Select a slide. Single-click
Open slide in Normal view. Double-click slide.
Select slides. Select a single slide:

1. Click the slide you want to

select.
Select multiple slides:

1. Hold down Ctrl key.

2. Click the slides you want to

select.
 Slide Sorter View
Task Procedure
Delete a slide. 1. Select the slide or slides you
want to delete.

2. Press the Delete key.

1. Select the slide or slides you
want to delete.

2. Choose Edit > Delete Slide

from the menu.
Copy a slide. 1. Select the slide.

2. Choose Edit > Copy from

the menu.
1. Select the slide.

2. Click the copy icon.

1. Select the slide.

2. Press Ctrl-C.
Paste a slide 1. Select the slide after which
you want the new slide or
slides to appear.

2. Choose Edit > Paste from

the menu.
1. Select the slide after which
you want the new slide or
slides to appear.

2. Click the paste icon.

1. Select the slide after which
you want the new slide or
slides to appear.

2. Press Ctrl-V.
 Slide Sorter View
Task Procedure
Cut a slide 1. Select the slide or slides you
want to cut.

2. Choose Edit > Cut from the

menu.
1. Select the slide or slides you
want to cut.

2. Click the Cut icon.

1. Select the slide or slides you
want to cut.

2. Press Ctrl-X.
Move a slide 1. Select the slide or slides you
want to move.

2. Drag to the new location.

Duplicate a slide 1. Select the slide or slides you
want to duplicate.

2. Choose Edit > Duplicate

from the menu.
1. Select the slide or slides you
want to duplicate.

2. Press Ctrl- D.

Run Your PowerPoint Slide Show

Once you have created your slides, you can run your Slide Show:

1. Do any one of the following:

o Press F5.
o Choose Slide Show > View Show from the menu.
o Click the Slide Show icon , which is located in the bottom left corner of
your screen.

Your slideshow will appear on your screen.

 Navigating the Slideshow
Task Procedure
Go to the next slide. Do one of the following:

• Press the Right Arrow key.

• Press the Enter key.
• Press the Page Down key.

• Left-click

Go to the previous slide. Do one of the following:

• Press the Left Arrow key.

• Press the Backspace key.

• Press the Page Up key.

Print Your Slides

PowerPoint provides you with many printing options. You can print a large view of your
slides or you can print your slides as handouts with 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 9 slides per page. You
can also print your Notes pages or the Outline view of your slides.

To print:

1. Choose File >Print Preview from the menu. The Print Preview area will open.
2. Click the down arrow next to the Print What field.
3. Select what you would like to print.
4. Click the Print icon. The Print dialog box will open.
5. Select whether you want your slides to print in color, grayscale, or black and white.
If you are using a black and white printer, choose black and white. You will use less
ink or toner.
6. Check whether you want your slides to print vertically or horizontally.

Lesson 3: Creating Your First PowerPoint Presentation

The following exercise steps you through creating your first PowerPoint presentation.

Create a Title Slide

1. Open PowerPoint

.
 2. Choose Blank Presentation on the Task pane. You will be presented with a Title
slide.

3. Enter the information shown here. Type College Scholarships and Financial Aid in
the Click to Add Title text box. Type Paying for College in the Click to Add Subtitle
text box.

Insert a New Slide

1. Click the New Slide icon .

 2. Click the Title and Text icon.

3. Enter the information shown here. Type Here is what to do: in the Click to Add Title
area. Type the bulleted text in the Click to Add Text area.

Create a Hierarchy

1. Insert a new slide. Right-click the Title and Text icon. A context menu will appear.
Choose Insert New Slide from the context menu.
2. Enter the information shown here. Click the Increase Indent icon to indent the
bullets for Stafford Loans and PLUS Loans. If you ever need to decrease an indent,
use the decrease indent icon .
Use Two-Column Text

1. Right-click the Title and 2 Column Text icon. A context menu will appear. Choose
Insert New Slide.
2. Enter the information shown here. Type the information in the appropriate column.

Apply a Design Template

1. Click the design icon . Design templates will appear on the left side of the
screen.
2. Scroll down to view the design templates.
3. Right-click the design template you want to apply. A context menu will appear.
Choose Apply to All Slides. We used the Lock and Key design template.
Outline and Slides Tab

1. Use the Slides tab to view thumbnails

of your slide.

2. Click the Outline tab to view the text of your presentation as an outline.
Slide Sorter View

1. Choose View > Slide Sorter from the menu to move to Slide Sorter view.

2. Double-click a slide to return to Normal view.

Run Your Slide Show

1. Press F5 to run the Slide Show.

2. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move forward and backward through your
slides.
3. Use the Esc key to return to Normal view.

Print Your Outline

1. Choose File > Print Preview from the menu.

2. Click the down arrow next to the Print What icon.
 3. Select Outline view.

4. Click the Print icon.

5. Click Close.

Print Your Slides

1. Choose File > Print Preview from the menu.

2. Click the down arrow next to the Print What icon.
3. Select the slides you want to print.
4. Click the down arrow next to Options. A menu will appear.
5. Choose Color/Grayscale > Pure Black and White.
6. Click the Print icon.
7. Click Close.

Print Your Slides as a Handout

1. Choose File > Print Preview from the menu.

2. Click the down-arrow next to the Print What icon.
3. Select Handouts (2 Slides Per Page).
4. Click the Print icon.
5. Click Close.