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Flash Drum Design

This document discusses equipment design concepts and methodology. It defines equipment rating as determining performance given inputs and parameters, and equipment sizing as estimating size given inputs and specifications. Equipment design produces detailed designs to guide fabrication. The methodology involves setting specifications, constraints, choosing equipment type and design parameters, performing calculations, and iterating if specifications are not met. Two examples are given: designing a reflux drum for a distillation column and designing a flash drum to separate ethylene and water.

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Umi Hikari
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views

Flash Drum Design

This document discusses equipment design concepts and methodology. It defines equipment rating as determining performance given inputs and parameters, and equipment sizing as estimating size given inputs and specifications. Equipment design produces detailed designs to guide fabrication. The methodology involves setting specifications, constraints, choosing equipment type and design parameters, performing calculations, and iterating if specifications are not met. Two examples are given: designing a reflux drum for a distillation column and designing a flash drum to separate ethylene and water.

Uploaded by

Umi Hikari
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/24/99 Equipment Design

EQUIPMENT DESIGN:
BASIC CONCEPTS
GOALS:
u Definitions and Concepts
u Types of Design
u Design Methodology
8/24/99 Equipment Design
I nput
Streams
Output
Streams
Operating
Parameters
Size
Parameters
EQUIPMENT
CHARACTERIZATION
8/24/99 Equipment Design
DEFINITIONS
u EQUI PMENT RATI NG:
Given the input streams, operating parameters, and
size parameters, determine the equipment
performance and output streams
u EQUI PMENT SI ZI NG:
Given the input streams and the performance
specifications, estimate the economically important
size parameters using approximate methods
u EQUI PMENT DESI GN:
Produce a design in enough detail to guide the
fabrication of the item of equipment
8/24/99 Equipment Design
Equipment Design Methodology
Set
Performance
Specifications
Determine
Operational
Constraints
Choose Equipment
Type and
Design Parameters
Perform Rating
Calculations
Satisfy Specs
& Constraints?
No
I terate
Yes
Done
Try First
8/24/99 Equipment Design
EXAMPLE #1: REFLUX DRUM
PROBLEM: Design a reflux drum for a distillation column
u For a residence time of 15 minutes when half full,
u That has a length to diameter ratio L/D = 3.0, and
u I s horizontal.
OPERATI NG CONDI TI ONS:
u Flow rate out of drum is 5,000 Kg/hr
u Flow is 100% Ethanol (SG = 0.789)
8/24/99 Equipment Design
From Overhead
Condenser
Distillate
Reflux to Column
D
L
REFLUX DRUM
8/24/99 Equipment Design
u Holdup = (5000 kg/hr)(0.25 hr) = 1250 kg
u Density = (0.789)(1000 kg/m
3
) = 789 kg/m
3
u

Volume = (2)(1250 kg)/(789 kg/m
3
) = 3.17 m
3
(To simplify the size calculations, neglect the holdup in the
dished heads of the drum.)
u Volume = 3.1416 (D
2
) L (but L = 3.0 D, so)
u D
3
= 3.17/(3)/(3.1416) So,
u D = 0.695 m and L = 2.09 m.
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
8/24/99 Equipment Design
EXAMPLE #2: FLASH DRUM
PROBLEM: Design a flash drum that is
u To flash a stream that is 60 mol% ethylene and 40
mol% water at a flow rate of 800 kmol/hr,
u To produce a vapor that is 99% ethylene
u At a fractional recovery of ethylene of 99 %
u The flash drum is a vertical pressure with an L/D = 4.0.
OPERATI NG CONSTRAI NTS:
u Low entrainment of water in the vapor
u 10 minute holdup of liquid when drum is 1/2 full
8/24/99 Equipment Design
VAPOR
LI QUI D
Heating
or
Cooling
FEED
FLASH DRUM
8/24/99 Equipment Design 10
DESIGN PROCEDURE
uBASI C DESI GN VARI ABLES: Pressure P and Heat
Duty Q..
u Guess values for P and Q. Do the adiabatic flash
calculation to determine V, L and their compositions and
temperature
u I f the performance specifications are satisfied, proceed
to size the drum. I f not iterate on P and Q.
u Size drum to satisfy entrainment, liquid holdup and L/D
constraints.
8/24/99 Equipment Design 11
SUMMARY
u For very simple situations, the design calculations are
explicit.
u For most situations, the design calculations involve a
trial-and-error search for those values of key design
variables that satisfy the performance specifications and
constraints.
u The details of the design methodology will differ from
one equipment type to another.
u The details of the design methodology may also differ
for different performance specifications for the same type
of equipment.

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