Research Handbook

A Guide to MLA Documentation

Gilbaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: MLA, 2009.

Last Update: November 2009 Theresa Kern Diane Greenholt

In most cases the examples used in this document adhere to the 7 th edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers format. Some examples come directly from the 7th edition for illustrative purposes, and other examples are common SWHS sources that our students access for research projects. This document can be viewed at the following sites: http://www.swsd.k12.pa.us/swhigh/library/libhome.html http://www.swsd.k12.pa.us/~Theresa_Kern

Table of Contents

Works Cited Notes ............................... 1 Books.. 2 Dictionaries 4 Encyclopedias.. 4 Internet Sources.. 6 Magazines.. 7 Newspapers .. 7 Commonly Cited Sources (Current Issues)...8 At Issue Series Current Controversies Series Examining Issues through Political Cartoons Opposing Viewpoints Commonly Cited Literary Sources9 A to Z Books9 Critical Survey Books...9 Critical View Books9 Masterplots..9 Notable American Novelists10 Novels (Short Stories, Drama, Poetry) for Students ....10 Twayne.....10 TCLC or CLC.. 11 Citing Introduction of TCLC or CLC .. 11 SWHS Electronic Library Subscription Databases.... 12 Contemporary Authors.. 12 EBSCOHost 12 Issues and Controversies. 12 Netlibrary 12 SIRS. 13 Opposing Viewpoints. 13 Scribner Writers 14 Student Resource Center.. 14

Works Cited Notes

Obtain information directly from the source rather than Destiny (our online catalog). Use title page information and NOT the cover when citing. New! Italicize titles of works. List only the first city of publication if several are given. Shorten publishers names. (Reference pages 247-49 of the 7 th edition or pages 272-74 of the 6th edition of the MLA.) Abbreviate/write monthsJan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. Use one space after a period. Double space works cited. Begin the first line of the work cited at the margin. Indent all remaining lines one half inch (or 5 spaces). Consider each source to be a sentence and end it with a period. Put works cited in alphabetical order using the first word of the entry. (Ignore the articles a, an, and the.) New! Include medium of source (Print or Web). New! Include a URL only when the reader probably can not locate the source without it OR when your instructor requires it. If URL must be divided between two lines, break it only after the single or double slash.

Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake Archive. Lib. of Cong., 28 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2007.<http:// 1

www.blakearchive.org/blake/>. Books

One Author

Sidney, Phillip T., Jr. The Woman That I Am. New York: Farrar, 2003. Print.
Two Authors

Sullivan, Wilson, and Diana Slade. New England Men of Letters. Chicago: Macmillan, 1972. Print.
Three Authors

Marquart, David T., Robin Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorensen. Lanterns and Lances. Austin: Harper, 1961. Print.

More Than Three Authors

If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al., or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page. Gilman, Theresa, et al. Bodily Charm: Living Opera. London: Cassell, 2002. Print.
Two or More Books by the Same Author

Ambrose, Stephen E. Lewis and Clark: Voyage of Discovery. n.p.: National Geographic, 1998. Print. ---. The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew the B-24S Over Germany . New York: Simon, 2001. Print.

If Citing Introduction (The writer of the Introduction, Foreword, or Preface is also the author of the book.)

Lewis, Sinclair. Introduction. Main Street. By Lewis. New York: Penguin, 1998. vii-xiv. Print.
If Citing Introduction (The writer of the Introduction, Foreword, or Preface is NOT the author of the book.)

Mallon, Thomas. Introduction. Main Street. By Sinclair Lewis. New York: Penguin, 1998. vii-xiv. Print.
If Citing Editor (no author)

Hyde, Margaret, ed. The American Drama. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994. Print.
If Citing Author with an Editor

Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War . Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1975. Print.

Dictionaries Noon. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1998. Print.
Citing a Specific Entry among Several for the Same Word

Manual. Entry 2. Websters Third International Dictionary. 1981. Print.

Citing a Specific Definition among Several That Are Given

Noon. Def. 4b. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1998. Print.
Citing Less Familiar Dictionary Especially with Only One Edition

Le Patourel, John. Normans and Normandy. Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed. Joseph R. Strayer. Vol. 4. New York: Scribners, 1987. Print.

Encyclopedias

Albert Einstein. World Book. 2003 ed. Print. Owen, Tobias. Uranus. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology . 7th ed. 1992. Print. The Luck of Roaring Camp. The Readers Encyclopedia of American Literature . Ed. Max J. Herzberg. New York: Crowell, 1962. Print. Hill, Eldon C. Amy Lowell. The Readers Encyclopedia of American Literature . Ed. Max J. Herzberg. New York: Crowell, 1962. Print.

Specialized Multivolume Reference Works

One Edition

Allen, Anita L. Privacy in Health Care. Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed. Stephen G. Post. 3rd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan-Thomson. 2004. Print.

Two or More Volumes of a Multivolume Work

Blanco, Richard L., ed. The American Revolution, 1775-1783: An Encyclopedia. 2 vols. Hamden: Garland, 1993. Print.

Online Encyclopedia

American Literature: Prose. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft. 2005. Web. 16 Feb. 2009.
World Book Encyclopedia Online

Perkins, Barbara M. "Steinbeck, John." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2009. Web. 17 Nov. 2009.

Internet Sources (The Web)

When citing nonperiodical publications on the web, keep in mind the following divisions: Name of author, compiler, director, editor, narrator, performer, or translator (if available) Title of work Title of overall website (italicized) if different from the title of work Version or edition used Name of publisher or sponsor of the site; if not available use N.p. Date of publication (day, month, and year as available); if nothing is available, use n.d. Medium of publication (Web) Date of Access

Follow the examples below using as much information as you are given. About Jesse Owens. Jesse Owens: Olympic Legend. Jesse Owens Trust, 2009. Web. 12 Nov. 2009. Garcia Landa, Jose Angel, comp. A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology. 13th ed. U de Zaragoza, 2008. Web. 15 May 2009. Lessig, Lawrence. Free Debates: More Republicans Call on RNC. Lessig 2.0. N.p., 4 May 2007. Web. 20 Aug. 2009. New! Include a URL only when the reader probably can not locate the source without it OR when your instructor requires it. Lessig, Lawrence. Free Debates: More Republicans Call on RNC. Lessig 2.0. N.p., 4 May 2007. Web. 20 Aug. 2009. <http://www.lessig.org/blog/2007/05/ Free_debates_more_republicans.html>. .

Magazines

Powers, Richard Gid. The FBI Marches on the Dreamer. American History Aug. 2003: 42-47. Print. Tuller, David. Oh, His Aching Back! Ladies Home Journal June 2004: 160+. Print.

Scholarly Journal

Gardner, Susan A. The Unrecognized Exceptionality: Teaching Gifted Adolescents with Depression. English Journal 92.1 (2003): 28-32. Print.

Newspapers

Connolly, Dan. Diamondbacks Rock Orioles. York Daily Record 9 June 2004, B1+. Print. Neergaard, Lauran. Cancer Survival Rates Improving. Evening Sun 3 June 2004, late ed.: A2. Print.
Online Newspaper or Newswire

Biersdorfer, J. D. Religion Finds Technology. New York Times. New York Times, 16 May 2002. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. 7

Commonly Cited Sources (Current Issues) These articles were previously published somewhere else. They have been reprinted in these collections. At Issue

Clark, Charles S. Child Labor and Sweatshops: An Overview. CQ Researcher (1996). Rpt. in Child Labor and Sweatshops. At Issue. Ed. Mary E. Williams. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1999. 10-20. Print.
Current Controversies

Koch, Ed. Juvenile Justice Needs to Be Tougher. The American Enterprise (1995). Rpt. in Youth Violence. Current Controversies. Ed. Henry H. Kim. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. 158-60. Print.
If Citing Cartoon

Wilkinson, Signe. The Death Penalty as Deterrent. Cartoon. 1990. Rpt. in The Death Penalty. Examining Issues through Political Cartoons. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002. 44. Print.
If Citing Examination of Cartoon

Egendorf, Laura E., ed. Good Idea, but Wed Get the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty. Examining Issues through Political Cartoons. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002. 44-45. Print.
Opposing Viewpoints

Riley, Jason L. Affirmative Action in College Admissions Is Harmful. Commentary (2001). Rpt. in Discrimination. Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Mary E. Williams. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2003. 127-36. Print.
If Citing Introduction, Foreword, or Chapter Preface

Williams, Mary E., ed. Chapter Preface. Discrimination. Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2003. 105-06. Print. 8

Commonly Cited Literary Sources

A to Z Books (specialty encyclopedia)

Bitonti, Tracy Simmons. Critical Studies. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Work. Ed. Mary Jo Tate. New York: Facts, 1998. Print. Sartoris. William Faulkner A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Work . Ed. A. Nicholas Fargnoli and Michael Golay. New York: Facts, 2002. Print.
Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Short Fiction, Poetry or Drama (multi-volume)

Marks, Patricia. Charles Dickens. Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Carl Rollyson. Vol. 2. Pasadena: Salem, 2000. 848-58. Print.
Critical View Books Blooms (Dramatists, Notes, Novelists, Poets, Short Story Writers), Literary Companions, Major Literary Characters, Modern Critical Interpretations, Modern Critical Views, etc.

Martin, Robert A. Arthur Millers The Crucible: Background and Sources. Modern Drama 20 (1977). Rpt. in Arthur Millers: The Crucible. Modern Critical Interpretations. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea,1999. 55-67. Print. Centola, Steven R. All My Sons. The Cambridge Companion to Arthur Miller (1997): 51, 58-59. Rpt. in Arthur Miller. Blooms Major Dramatists. Ed. Harold Bloom. Broomall: Chelsea, 2000. 35-36. Print. List of Characters in All My Sons. Arthur Miller. Blooms Major Dramatists. Ed. Harold Bloom. Broomall: Chelsea, 2000. 19. Print.
Masterplots

Reeves, Bruce D. Oliver Twist. Masterplots. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 8. Englewood Cliffs: Salem, 1976. 4358-63. Print. 9

Notable American Novelists or Notable British Novelists

(multivolume)

Johnson, Clarence O. Herman Melville. Notable American Novelists. Ed. Carl Rollyson. Vol. 2. Pasadena: Salem, 2000. 727-31. Print.

Novels for Students, Poetry for Students, Drama for Students, or Short Stories for Students

Citing Background Information Preceding Criticisms

Telgen, Diane, ed. Fahrenheit 451. Novels for Students. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 142-44. Print.
Citing Criticisms

Eller, Edward E. Fahrenheit 451. Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 150-53. Print.
Citing Criticisms That Have Been Reprinted

Granger, Bruce Ingham. Arthur Dimmesdale as Tragic Hero. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 19 (1964): 197-203. Rpt. in Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 324-27. Print.
Twayne Series (United States Author Series & World Author Series)

Eble, Kenneth. F. Scott Fitzgerald. TUSAS 36. Boston: Twayne, 1977. Print.

Michalopoulos, Andre. Homer. TWAS 4. Boston: Twayne, 1966. Print.

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Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism (TCLC) or Contemporary Literary Criticism (CLC)

These essays were previously published somewhere else. They have been reprinted in these collections. Phelps, William Lyon. Three Not of a Kind. The Dial (1916): 196-97. Rpt. in TwentiethCentury Literary Criticism. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale, 1983. 31. Print.
If Citing Introduction, Foreword, or Preface to TCLC or CLC

Poupard, Dennis, ed. Introduction. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 12. Detroit: Gale, 1983. 29-30. Print.

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SWHS Electronic Library Subscription Databases

To cite a work from a nonperiodical (reference) or a periodical (article, review, editorial, letter to the editor) of an online database, keep in mind the following examples. Note: Include the URL only if your instructor requires it. Put the URL inside angle brackets and follow with a period. For example:

Overview of Toni Anthony Wofford Morrison. DISCovering Authors. 1999. Student Resource Center. Web.19 Nov. 2009. <http://find.galegroup.com/>.
Contemporary Authors

William (Cuthbert) Faulkner. Contemporary Authors Online 2002. Contemporary Authors. Web. 6 Apr. 2009.
EBSCOHost

Thurman, James N. Behind Drop in US Murder Rate: A Decline in Gun Crime. Christian Science Monitor 20 Oct.1999: 4. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 22 Sept. 2009.

Issues and Controversies on File (Use also for Facts on File World News Digest and Todays Science.)

Performance-Enhancing Substances: Ephedra. Issues and Controversies on File 9 May 2003. FACTS.com. Web. 1 Feb. 2009.
netLibrary

Rowe, Dorothy. Depression: The Way out of Your Prison. New York: Taylor, 2003. netLibrary. Web.15 Sept. 2004. Kirsch, Arthur. Hamlets Grief. ELH 48.1 (1981): 17-36. Rpt. in Major Literary Characters: Hamlet. By Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1990. netLibrary. Web. 15 Sept. 2009. 12

SIRS Researcher (SIRS Renaissance or SIRS Government Reporter)

Kolata, Gina. Cloning Creates Human Embryos. New York Times 12 Feb. 2004: A1. SIRS Researcher. Web.15 Mar. 2009.

Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center Essays

Buford, James A. Affirmative Action Benefits the Workplace. Affirmative Action. Ed. Brain J.Grapes. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2000. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web.14 Sept. 2004.
Magazine Articles with Volume and Issue Number

New Roles for Nuclear Weapons. Issues in Science and Technology 20.4 (2004): 9. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 15 Sept. 2009.

Magazine Articles Without Volume and Issue Numbers

Winegart, Peter. Education: Legislating Legacies. Newsweek 14 Oct. 2003: 10. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web.15 Sept. 2009.
Newspaper Articles

Kolata, Gina. Cloning Creates Human Embyros. New York Times 12 Feb. 2004: A1. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 14 Sept. 2004.
Reference

Cloning. Environmental Encyclopedia. Ed. Bortman, Marci, et al. 2003. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web.14 Sept. 2009.

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The Scribner Writer Series

Asselineau, Roger. Edgar Allan Poe. American Writers. Vol. 3. Scribner, 1974. 409-32. The Scribner Writers Series. Web. 14 Oct. 2009. Douglas, Ann. Louisa May Alcott. American Writers. Supp. 1. Vol. 1. Scribner, 1979. 28-46. The Scribner Writers Series. Web.14 Oct. 2009. Student Resource Center
Reference Books (No Author)

Overview of Toni Anthony Wofford Morrison. DISCovering Authors. 1999. Student Resource Center. Web.19 Nov. 2009.
Reference Books (With Author)

Welty, Eudora. The House of Willa Cather. The Art of Willa Cather. U of NE, 1974. 320. Student Resource Center. Web. 20 Mar. 2009.
Magazines and Journals

Ryan, Michael. How to Use a Fly. The American Poetry of Review Mar.-Apr. 2004: 15. Student Resource Center. Web. 27 Feb. 2009. Jeff Daviss Revenge. The Nation 14 May 2001: 7. Student Resource Center. Web. 27 Feb. 2009.
Newspaper

Guthmann, Edward. A Stage Director Refuses to Respect Willa Cathers Wishes, but Does So Respectfully. San Francisco Chronicle 29 Mar. 2004: E1. Student Resource Center. Web. 3 May 2009.

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a record of any sources that you see your students using that have not been included in this document

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