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Analysis of Coaxial Ridge Waveguide

This document summarizes the design and testing of a coaxial ridged horn antenna (CRHA) intended to operate between 4-12 GHz. It presents the analysis and equations used to calculate the cutoff frequencies of a coaxial ridge waveguide. A CRHA was designed with parameters to achieve the desired bandwidth, including a ridge width of 8 mm and flaring angles. Measurement results showed good matching between 4-12 GHz with peak gain around 10-11 GHz. Beam patterns were as expected, though additional metal strips were needed to suppress the TE21 mode at higher frequencies. The CRHA provides wide bandwidth in a compact size and allows for dual polarization operation.

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92 views6 pages

Analysis of Coaxial Ridge Waveguide

This document summarizes the design and testing of a coaxial ridged horn antenna (CRHA) intended to operate between 4-12 GHz. It presents the analysis and equations used to calculate the cutoff frequencies of a coaxial ridge waveguide. A CRHA was designed with parameters to achieve the desired bandwidth, including a ridge width of 8 mm and flaring angles. Measurement results showed good matching between 4-12 GHz with peak gain around 10-11 GHz. Beam patterns were as expected, though additional metal strips were needed to suppress the TE21 mode at higher frequencies. The CRHA provides wide bandwidth in a compact size and allows for dual polarization operation.

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వేలుసామి లింగాసామి
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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A Broadband Coaxial Ridged Horn Antenna

A. Hizal * and U.Kazak**

Abstract
The bandwidth of a circular or a rectawgular waveguide can be enhanced by the wavegiade. in this work, ridges are iatroduced ilto the introducing ridges ilo4 coaxiial waveguide with the same intention. Simple formulae are given to calculate the cutoff frequencies of the coaxial ridge waveguide. Severa set of curves are presenlted for the cuLoff frequencies AlSo, a coaxial ridge horn antenna is desijned 4a multt coaial feed of the horn antenas ad the messured results are presented B dual polariztion or circular polariation can be obtained without significantly affectiog the bandwidth of the antenas . The advatage of this antenna over a conventional circular or rectagilar quadruple ridged antena is that the feed poi.its beinig in the same plane without any crossing, the ridge gaps can be decreased to enhance the bandwidth. Also the power handling capability is expected to be beter.

I. Analysis of the Coaxial Ridge Waveguide (CRW)


An approximate analysis of this waveguide and some numerical results were reported in an earlier work ll .Here we extend the work to the realization of a horn antenna We shall give the formulae for the calculation of the cuLoff frequencies of the CRW. In Fig.l a quarter of the double ridge coaxial waveguide is shown.
qIo )/2
y=b4/2
y

=b2/2
.

y=O 3
y
=

-b22/

| =b1/2

bt

~~ro

Fig.l A Quarter of the CRW.


* M.E.T.U. - E. E. Dep./ Ankara,
**

ASELSAN Mil. Ind. Inc./ Ankara

247

The approximate formulation of the problem is based on the transverse resonance method and the wave propagation in a ELplane curved waveguide [2]. By equating the total stored electrical energy to the total stored magnetic energy per unit length and taking into account the electrical energy stored in the discontinuity capacitance of the ridge edges, it is shown thatIll.

Cl CotO -I - C2 TanB2

bl

2 Cd'
kbl (1)

b2

Eo

is the nonJlinear equation to be solved fo the calculation of the TEal ; n1,3J5, mode cutoff frequencies. Here the constants Ci and Oi for the regions 1 and 2 respectively depend on the parameter Ki=bi/R which should be smaller than one for the validity of (1). Cd is the discontinuity capacitance and k=2ir/X.The parameters are defined by

Ci = Ni/ (G2 Di vJtj) ei- pi LiL k Di Li Pi=kb =2bib/X Ni= 2 + (Ki2 Pi2/12) ( Pi2/8 - 7/15) Gi=1 + (Ki2/12) 1(Pi2/ 60) (37 Pi2/ 57-19) +11 Di 1- (K2/ 12) ( I - 2 Pi2/ 5)

(2)

Co C+x1 hco 4cz Cd= -- -- --n( - )-21n( )] 1-a 2n of 1O2


2+K2 24K1 a = In(---) / In(-) 2-K2 2-K 1 Also analytical closed form expression is derived for the characteristic impedance of the waveguide defined with respect to the feeding point where a voltage Vo is applied.

zoVo2/2P=Zooo/o/l (XXc)2
1

(3)
L2
E2 + 02 Sinc2B2

Co / Li

Cos2O2 El- Ql Sinc201


Sin2Bl
\

Zooc
+

jo
2 Cd'

bl

01

b2

Q2
(4)

Cos202)
248

Co

Qi = Gi2 Di

Ei - -+1)
+

Ki2Pi2

pO
8

72

Dial-

Ki2Pi2 pi2
12
16

(---.-

19

- - ) 30

For TEn I ; n = 2 4 ,6 ... mode cut-off frequencies we should solve CITanOl + (bl/b2) C2TanB2 = - ( 2 Cd6/ Co) k bI

and for Zooo in eqn.(4) we should replace Sinc2z1 by - Sinc2O1 and Sin2Bi by Cos2g, Numerical results revealed that a bandwidth of about 1-+6 can be obtained. Fig.2 shows a typical set of curves for CRW for the cuLoff frequencies and the characteristic impedance.
2fl4

ZC,

are

9so
70.

a 76

al 74
0.72_
0.70

0.68 0.66
0.62

0.56
5c

0.56
0L54 4.

0.52 -.
4CI

0.50 0.48
0.46

.6

0.44 0.42
0.40

40

0.38 035

.2

034-

03t2

1
0.05 0.4
02

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Fig.2 TEI I JTE31 Mode Cutoff Wavelengths and Characteristic Impedance in CRW. 11. Coaxial Ridged Horn Antenna Design (CRHA)

When the CRW is flared out in a suitable manner a horn antenna results. The design of such antenna is similar to the design of the rectangular ridged horn antenna considered by Waltron and Sundberg[31 A designed CRHA is shown in Fig.3 The
.

249

_ ,-vw rs ~
VfR/bt/Q 425
0.7 0.8

(5)

27b4

TC 3-

2.7
Z.6

2.5

2.4

2-3

Z.2

2.4
2.0

.49

09.

.. toAr

antenna is designed to operate in the frequency range fl= 4 , f2t 12 GHz. The chosen CRW parameters are :

o/n 0 .35
a

R/bl -1.25 (SeeFig.2)

and

b2/bl-0.3

From Fig.2 it is seen that 21bI/Xc, I=0.51, 2rbh/Xc,31=2.37 andZZoo-o=34.ohms. For a reasonable antenna size we have chosen bl- 8 mm. Thus b2- 2.4 mm , ri- 6 mm ro=14mm,R=10mm and io=63 (SeeFig.2). The cuuoff frequencies are fc,ii=3.052 GHz (X c,i=9.83cm) and fc,3r1 14.176GHz (Xc,31 2.11 cm). In the design of the flared section and the shorting plate the following main factors are considered.

i)dd<c,31/2

ii)L>Xc,lI/2

iii)h>Xc,j

iv) Aperture size should be large enough for the low frequency fl could
propagate through it. v) Coax feed region is designed to match 50 a for Zooo= 34.1 a in the operating bandwidth. The experimental model with a single coax feed fabricated (Fig.3) is tested by performing pattern, gain and input VSWR measurements.

Aperture of the horn

Fig.3 The Coax Ridged Horn Antenna CRHA (4-12 GHz).

III. Measured Results

sO ) are shown from 2 GHz to 14 GHz. It In Fig.4 the gain and return loss ( w.r.to. 50 is seen that there is a good matching for the operating range 4-12 GHz. The drop in the gain at the high frequency is due to the asymmetrical feeding and generation of TE21 mode.
250

REF I

GjdB
44 12

40
6

40

It

a2 F.GHz
o

STRT

Fig.4 a)The Gain of the CRHA

b) The Return Loss of the CRHA

The H-Plane patterns at f = 4, 8. 11 GHz are shown in Fig .5.

-41

-20_ r7!Z
-15

- -n -

--

-45 -40
W
0_

I
a

I
-

U7 a

cc

n)

I I --wa o ca en CA X

a to w ow X Ul 1A U1 S

F=4 GHt

F-8 Gltx Fig.5 H-Plane Patterns.

F11 GHz

The E-plane patterns are similar except that at the high frequency and there is a beam splitting due to the asymmetric (single feed) and TE21 mode. To suppress TE21 mode a metal strips along i-axisare inserted which improved the E-plane pattern.
IV. Conclusions The measurements revealed that coaxial ridge waveguide and horn antenna can be used for wide band and high power applications. Dual polarization can be implemented using a quadruple ridge waveguide geometry.
251

111.

[21. 13[.

V. References A.Hial. U,Kazak, " Coaxial Ridge Waveguide For Wide Band Horns ", IE:E Ap-s InLtSymp.Digest Vol.3 Syracuse NY June, 1988 pp 1294-1298. L.Levin v "Theory of Waveguides " John and Willey. pp 91, 1975 K-L.Waltron G.V.C. Sundberg , " Broadband Ridged Horn Design ", Microwave Jou vol.7 , March, 1964, pp 96-101

252

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