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INTRODUCTION

NECESSITY:-
The requirement of the project is for the separate girls hostel for the ----(college name
)----------------, because of the facility of the hostel to the girls is provide on the institution
building, there is not the circumstances for hostel life, so the requirement of separate
hostel is compulsory. So we design the project under the guidance of our respected
staff member of CIVIL ENGG. DEPARTMENT.


LOCATION OF SITE:-

This is a Girls Hostel design for the----(college name )----------------,. According to
requirement of the separate girls hostel, the situation is in front of P.D.M.College of
Diploma entry gate. It having area 643.86 m
2
& two story building. It has 30 rooms.
Three girls lived at a time in each room. A mess, common room & kitchen are also
provided at ground floor having area 234 m
2
, 58.08 m
2
& 108m
2
respectively.













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SPECIFICATION
SITE SLECTION

1. LEVEL AT THE SITE: - The level at the site must be higher than that of its surrounding
so as to provide good drainage.
2. CLIMATE CONDITION: - The intensity of the rainfall and sub soil water level should be
low as to avoid dampness in the building.
3. SUB-SOIL CONDITION: - A hard strata should be available at a reasonable depth so as
to construct the foundation of the building safely and economically.
4. AVAILABILITIES OF MODERN AMENITIES: - The site must be within municipal limits
so that modern amenities like water supply, electricity, drainage, road etc. can be made
available inner future if there is no provision at present.
5. AVAILABILITIES OF OTHER FACILITIES : - The site should provide as easy access
from the nearest road and after sufficient light and air, these should be good and cheap
transport facilities available near the site, it is always better if public services like fire
brigade, police station etc.
6. SURROUNDINGS:-
The situation and surrounding of the site must as to suit the purpose for which the
building it to be constructed.

SPECIFICATIONS:-

BUILDING:-
Any structure constructed of what so ever material and used for residential, business
education or other purposes is called building.
Types of the building :-
1. Based on occupancy
2. Based on type of construction



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BASED ON OCCUPANCY
Residential buildings: - The building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
normal residential purposes are called residential buildings.
Educational / institutional buildings: - The building used for school, college or day care
purposes are called education / institutional building.
Assembly Buildings : - The buildings which are constructed for the purposes to
gathering of the people for their respective purposes i.e. social, religious, civil, political is
called assembly buildings.
Business Buildings: - The buildings used for transaction of business, for the keeping of
accounts and records and other similar purposes called business buildings.
Mercantile Buildings: - The buildings used for display of merchandise, either wholesale
or retail are called Mercantile Buildings.
Industrial buildings: - The buildings in which products or materials of all kinds and
properties are fabricated, assembled or processed are called industrial buildings.
Storage buildings: - The buildings used primary for the storage, handling or shattering of
goods and wares or merchandise, vehicles and animals are called storage buildings.
Hazardous buildings: -The buildings used for storage, handling manufacturing or
processing of highly combustible or explosive material are called Hazardous buildings.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

Building with type 1 construction: - In these building the design and material used const.
are such that all structural components have about 4 hours fire resistance.
Buildings with type 2 construction: - In these building the design any type of material
used in their construction are such that all structural components have 3 hours fire
resistance.
Buildings with type 3 construction: - In these building the design and types of the
materials used in their construction are such that all structural components have 3 hours
fire resistance.

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Buildings with type 4 construction: - In these buildings the design and the type of
material used in their construction are such that all structural components have 4 hours
fire resistance.
PARTS OF A BUILDING
A building can be divided into two parts: -
1. Sub structure
2. Super structure
1. Sub structure: - The part of a building constructed beneath the ground level is known as
Sub structure.
2. Super structure: - The part of the building constructed above ground level is known as
super structure. It is second part of a building. All the activities of the building
construction take place after the making of sub-structure. Flooring, wall roofing are the
example of super structure of a building.

COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING
1. FOUNDATION: - It is the lowest part of a structure below the ground level which is
direct contact with ground and transmitted all the dead, live and other loads to the soil
on which the structure rests.
2. PLINTH: - The portion of a building and the top of the floor immediately above the
ground is known as plinth. The level of the surrounding ground is known as formation
level of the ground floor of the building is known as plinth level.
3. WALLS: - Walls are provided to enclose or divide the floor space n desired pattern in
addition wall provided privacy security and give protection against sun, rain, cold and
other undesired effect of the weather.
4. COLUMN: - A column may be defined as an isolated load bearing member, the width of
which is neither less than its thickness. It carries the axially compressive load.
5. FLOORS: - Floors are flat supporting elements of a building. They divided a building
into different levels. There by creating more accommodation on a given plot of land. The
basic purpose of a floor is to provide a firm and other items like stores, furniture,
equipment etc.


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6. DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS: - A door may be defined as a barrier
secured in an opening left in a wall to provide usual means of access to a building, room
or passage. Windows and ventilators are provided for sun light, fresh air and ventilation
purposes.
7. ROOF: - It is the uppermost component of a building and its function is to cover the
space below it of a room and protect it from rain, snow, sun, wind etc.
8. BUILDING FINISHES: - A building is considered incomplete till such time the surface of
its components is given appropriate treatment.
Building finishes include items like plastering, painting, pointing, white / colour washing,
varnishes and distempering etc.


MATERIAL USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Following are the materials used for the construction of a building.
1. Bricks.
2. Sand.
3. Cement.
4. Stone.
5. Coarse Aggregate.
6. Fine Aggregate.
7. Timber.
8. Metal.
9. Floor Tiles.
10. Roof Tiles.
11. Reinforcement.
12. Plastic Materials.
13. Doors & Windows.
14. Asphalt Bitumen.
15. Coloring Material.

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16. White Cement.
17. Paints & Varnishes.
18. Brick Ballast.
19. Sanitary Materials.
20. Water.
21. Finishing Tiles. Etc.



GENERAL SPECIFICATION

FOUNDATION AND PLINTH
Foundation and plinth should be of 1
st
class brick work in lime or cement mortar over a
bed of lime or cement concrete.
SUPER STRUCTURE
Super-structure shall be of 1
st
class brick in lime or cement mortar.
DAMP PROOF COARSE (D.P.C.)
D.P.C. shall be of minimum40 mm (4cm) thick cement concrete (1:2:4) with two coat of
hot bitumen layer on it.
ROOFING
Roof shall be of R.C.C. slab with an insulator layer of lime or cement 8cm thick over it.
The flooring cement pointed on the top height of the room shall not be less than 3.7 m.
FLOORING
Terrazzo floor should be provided in drawing, dining, bath and w/c conglomerate
polished floor 4 cm thick 1:2:4 should be provided in bed and other rooms.
DOORS AND WINDOWS
Doors and windows shall be at least of wood of teak 4.5 mm thick paneled or glazed
with additional wire gauges shutters. All fitting and fastenings should be good quality of
brass or other materials.
FINISHING

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The inner and outer wall shall have 1.25 cm. thick cement plaster. Drawing, dining and
bed room shall be distempered with two coats, other parts of the structure should be
white washed with three coats and outside walls should be colored with snowcem of two
coats over one coat of white washing.
PAINTING
All the windows, doors and other furniture used in building should be painted with two
coats with good quality of colored enamel paints over one coat of primer.


MISCELLANEOUS
Building should be provided with first class sanitary and water supply fittings and
electrical installation should be protected in the building by using good quality of
electrical products.


DETAILED SPECIFICATION

The detailed specification is a detailed description and expresses the requirements. The
detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quality and quantities of materials
the proportion of mortar. Workmanship. The method of preparation of work and
excavation and the method of measurement the detailed specification of different items
of work are prepared separately and describe what the works should be and how they
shall be executed. Detailed specifications are written to express the requirement clearly
in a consince from avoiding repetition and ambiguity the detailed specification are
arranged as per order as the work is carried out the detailed specification of prepared
properly are very helpful for the execution of work. The detailed specification form an
important part of contract document.
Every engg. Department prepared, the detailed specifications on various items of work
and get them printed in order book from under the name. Detailed specification when
the work or a structure or project is taken up instead of waiting detailed specification
every time the printed detailed specifications are referred. The detailed specifications of
various item of work are as follows: -

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EATH WORK IN EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION:

EXCAVATION: -Foundation trenches shall be dug out to the exact width of foundation
concrete and the sides shall be vertical. If the soil is not good and does not permit
vertical sides the side should be sloped back or protected with timber sharing excavated
earth shall not be placed within 1 m. of the edge of the trench.

FINISH OF TRENCH: -The bottom of foundation trenches shall be perfectly leveled both
longitudinally and treaverrly and sides of the trench shall be dressed perfectly vertical
from bottom up to the least thickness of loose one so that concrete may be laid to the
exact width as per design the bed of the trench shall be lightly watered and well lamed.
Excessive digging if done trough mistake shall be filled with concrete or with stabilized
soil. If rocks are found during excavation, these should be removed and the bed of
trenches should be leveled and made hard by consolidation the earth. Foundation conc.
And approval of the trench by the engg. In charge.

FINDS: -Any treasure and valuables or materials founds during the excavation shall be
property of Govt.

WATER IN FOUNDATION : -Water if any accumulated in the trenches, should be bailed
or pumped out without any extra payment and necessary precautions shall be taken to
prevent surface water enter the trench.

TRENCH FILLING : - After the conc. Has been laid, masonry has been constructed the
remaining portion of the trenches shall be filled up with earth in layers of 15cm and
watered and well rammed. The earth filling shall be free from rubbish and refuse mater.
All clouds shall be broken before filling surplus earth not required shall be removed and
disposed and site shall be leveled and dressed.


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MEASUREMENT : - The measurement of excavation shall be in cum as per for
rectangular trench width of the conc., multiplied by vertical depth of foundation from
ground level and multiplied by the length of trench even though the contractor might
have excavated with sloping side for his convenience rate shall be for complete work for
3m. Lead and lift including all tools and plants required for the completion of work. For
every extra, lead 30m and every extra left 1.5m separate extra rate is provided.

EXCAVATION IN SATURATED SOIL: - Excavation in saturated soil or below sub soil
water level shall be taken under a pressure item and shall be carried out in same
manner as above pumping or bailing out of water and removal of slush shall be
included in item. Timbering of the sides of trenches if required shall be taken under a
separate item and paid separately.

LIME CONC. IN FOUNDATION: - All the material shall be as per standard specification.
Coarse agg. Shall be hard, over brunt brick ballast of 40 mm gauge. It shall be deep
cherry red or copper color and shall be cleaned, free from dust and other foreign
matters. It shall e homogeneous in texture and cubical. In shape. Ballast which appears
porous or snow sign shall not be used. Brick ballast shall pass through square mesh of
52.5 mm and not more than 20% shall pass through a mesh of 25 mm. Any rejected
material shall be removed from site of work with in 24 hrs.
Find agg. Shall be of surkhi or sand as specified and clean and free from dust, durt and
foreign matter surkhi shall be made of well burnt bricks or brick bats and shall pass
through a sieve of 2.5 meshes per sq. cm. (144 meshes per sq. m) Surkhi is preferable
for better concrete.
Lime shall be white fat lime and shall be freshly burnt and free from ashes and other
foreign matters lime shall be sleacked at site of work and screened through a sieve of 3
meshes to a cm ( 8 meshes to an inch)

PROPORTION : - The conc. Shall consists of 1 cum of brick ballast, 0.32 cum of surkhi
and 0.16 cum of white lime in the proportion of 100:32:16 by volume.

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Mixing shall be done on a clean water tight measuring platform of sufficient size. Brick
ballast shall be stretched in a rectangular layer of uniform thickness usually 30 cm (12)
high and well soaked with clean water for a well soaked with clean water for a period of
at least three hours.
Lime and surkhi shall be measured with wooden box in the proportion 1:2 and mixed
thoroughly dry to have uniform colour. The dry mix of lime and surkhi shall be spread
over the stacked ballast to the required thickness to give the specified proportions. The
materials shall be than mixed dry turning at least three times clear water shall then be
added slowly and gradually by water consists the required glading while mixing and the
materials mixed thoroughly by turning at least three times so that whole surface of earth
each ballast gets coated with mortar and the mix becomes plastic of uniform colour of
workable consistency and should be such that the ballast do not separate from the
mortar. Concrete shall be used for big work the mixing shall be done by machine. In this
case aggregate and used mortar shall be powdered in the drum . While it is revolving.
The water shall be added slowly to the required quality and the mixing shall be
continued for at least one minute till a mix of uniform colour and workable consistency is
obtained and should be such that the ballast do not separate from the mortar.

LAYING AND COMPACTING : - Bed of foundation trench shall be lightly spriualed with
water before concrete is laid. Concrete shall be laid slowly and gently in layers of not
more than 20 cm and thoroughly consolidated to 15 cm with 6 kg. iron rammers. During
consolidation conc should be kept from earth , dust leaves and other foreign matters.
The consolidation shall be checked by water test by digging a rate of about 7.5 cm. dia
and 7.5 cm. deep in the conc. And filling water. The water level of should not sink more
than 1.25cm. in 15 minutes is concrete has been well consolidated.

JOINT AND CONSECUTIVE LAYERS: - When joint in a layer of concrete are of
concrete are unavoidable, the end shall be sloped at angle of 30
0
and junctions of
different layers shall break joints. In laying upper layer of concrete the lower surface
shall be made rough and cleaned and watered before upper layer is laid.

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CURING: - After about two hours laying when concrete has begun to harden, it shall be
kept damp by covering with wet gunny bag or wet sand for 24 hours and then covered
by flooding with water making mud walls 7.5 cam (3) high or by covering with wet sand
or earth and kept damp continuously for 15 days.

REINFORCEMENT CEMENT CONCRETE: - Steel : Steel reinforcing bars shall be of
mild steel or deformed steel of standard specifications and shall be free from corrosion ,
loose rust scales, oil, grease, paint etc. The steel bar shall be round, and capable of
being bent accurately and placed in position as per design and drawing and bound
together tight with 20 S.W.G. anneled steel wire at their point of intersection . bars shall
be bent cold by applying gradual and even motion of 40 mm(11/2 ) diameter and above
may be bent by heating to dull red and allowed to cool slowly without immersing in
water or quectings. Joints in the bar should be avoided as far as possible , when joints
have to be made an overlap of 40 times diameters of the bar shall given with proper
hooks at ends and joints should be staggered.

CENTERING AND SHUTTERING: - Centering and shuttering shall be made with timber
or steel plate close and tight to prevent leakage or mortar with necessary props, bracing
and wedges, sufficiently strong and stable and should not yield on laying concrete and
made in such a way that they can be stacked and removed gradually without disturbing
the concrete. No plastering should be made on the concrete surface. A coat of oil
washing should be applied over the shuttering or paper should be spread to have a
smooth and finished surface and to prevent adherence of concrete.

PROPORTION OF CEMENT CONCRETE: - Cement concrete shall be 1:2:4 proportion
by volume for slabs, beams and linlets and 1:1:3 proportion for columns under
otherwise specified.


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MATERIAL FOR CONCRETE: - Cement, sand and coarse aggregate shall be same as
for cement concrete. The stone aggregate shall be usually 20mm to 6mm ( to )
gauge unless otherwise specified.

MIXING: - Mixing shall be done one a clean water tight, masonary plot form of sufficient
size bricks, Ballast shall be starched in a rectangular layer of uniform thickness usually
30 cm ( 12) high and well soaked with clean water for a w ell soaked with clean water
for a period of at least three hours.

LAYING: - Before laying the concrete, the shuttering shall be clean free from dust and
other foreign matters. The concrete shall be deposited ( not dropped) in its final
position. If case of columns and usually it is desirable to place concrete in full height if
practical so as to avoid construction joints but the progress of concreting in the vertical
direction shall be restricted to one meter per hour. Care should be taken that the time
between mixing and placing of concrete shall not exceed 20 minutes so that the initial
setting process is not interfered with .
Concrete shall be compacted by mechanical vibrating machine until a dense concrete
is obtained. The vibration shall continue during the entire period of placing concrete.

CURING: - After about two hours laying when concrete begun to harden it shall be kept
dump by covering with wet gummy bag or wet sand for 24 hours and then curved by
flooding with water making mud walls 3.5cm (3) high, or by covering with wet sand or
earth and kept damp continuously for 15 days.



FINISHING: - If specified the exposed surface shall be plastered with 1:3 cement mortar
not exceeding 6mm thickness and the plastering shall be applied immediately after
removal of conc.


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MEASUREMENT : - Measurement shall be taken in cu. M ( cuft.) for the finished work
and no deduction shall be made for the volume of steal. Steal reinforcement shall be
measured under a separate item in quintal . Plastering if any shall not be included in the
measurement. The rate for R.C.C. work shall be for the complete work excluding steel
but including centering and shuttering and all tools and plants.

DAMP PROOF COURSE : -
MATERIALS : - Damp proof course shall consists of cement coarse sand and stone
aggregate of 1:1 :3 proportion with 2% of impermo or cam seal or ACCO proof by
weight of cement or other standard water proofing compound. (1Kg. per bag of cement)
. The damp proof course shall be applied at the plinth level in a horizontal layer of 2.5
cm thickness. The cement shall be fresh, Portland cement of standard specification.
The sand shall be clean, coarse of 5 mm size and down and the stone aggregate shall
be hard and tough of 20 mm size well glade and free from dust and dirt, compo seal,
puldo, cico and other standard water proofing compound may be used, and the quantity
shall be used as per instructions of the manufacturers.

MIXING : -Mixing shall be done in a masonry platform or in a short iron tray in the
proportion of 1:1:3 by measuring with messing boxes. The cement is first mixed
thoroughly with the water proofing compound to the required quantity and then mixed
dry with the sand in the proportion of 1:1.5
LYING: -The level of the surface of the plinth shall be checked longitudinally and
transversely. The top of walls at damp proof cause should be lard with fears of the best
downward. Aside from shuttering of strong wooden bottom of 2.5cm thickness shall be
fixed properly and formally a both sides to confine the concrete so that the shuttering
does not get disturbed during compaction and mortal does not leak through. Thinner
edges of the shuttering shall be or led toprevoutcondateabhesing.

PAINTING: -with Asphalt: - Two coats of asphalt painting may be applied on the upper
surface of damp proof cause of, specified. The first coat of hot asphalt uniformly on the

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surface when the concrete is dry and the painted surface is blinded immediately with
coursed and the surface is tamped lightly the second coat of hot asphalt at/kg per sq.
mt. (10kg % sq ft). Should then be applied uniformly and the surface is ambling with
cause sand and tamped lightly.
2cm damp proof ceases: - the damp proof cease maybe of () thick layer of 1:2
cement. Coarse sand mortar with standard. Water proofing compound at the rate of 1kg
per bag of cement.

BRICK WORK 1
ST
CLASS
BRICKS: - All brick shall be first class of standard specification made of good brick earth
through brunt. And shall be of deep cheesy led or copper color. Brick shall be regular in
a shape and their edge. Should be Sharpe and shall emit clear. Ringing sound on being
struck and shall be free from cracks chops. Flaw and lumping of any kind bricks shall
not absorb water more then one sixth by ompreesing in water. Bricks shall have a min
crushing strength of 105kg.per sum

MORTAR:-Mortar shall be specified and material of mortar shall be of standard
specification. Sand be shall be sharp. Clean and free from organic forge in matter for
rich mortar coarse or medium sand should be used and free from area mortar local fine
sand may be used. proration of cement sand may be lime surki mortar of specified shall
be mixed in the specie field proportion by grinding in mortar for at least three hours as
same day of use. Lime shall be fresh and slakedand screened at site of work fresh
mixed mortar within 24 hours shall be used old and state mortar should not be used for
small work hand work mixing may be allowed in same manner as for cement motor
described above.

SOAKING OF BRICKS: - Buck shall be fully soaked in clean water by submerging in a
tank for a period of 12hourns immediately before use. Soaking shall be continued till air
bubbling a caused.


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LAYING: - Bricks stall be well bonded and laid in England bond unless otherwise
specified. Every course shall be trendy horizontal and wall shall be tendly in plumb.
Vertical joint of commiserative course shall be not trendy in plumb. vertical joint of
conservative coarse shall be not came directly over come one another vertical joints in
alternate coarse shall came directly over one another . Not damaged or broken bricks
shall be used. Closer shall be cut out bricks and shall be placed near and the walls but
not at the other edge selected best shaped bricks shall be used for face work. Mortar
joints shall not exceed 6mm in thickness and joints shall be fully filled with mortar bricks
shall be lad with finger. all the joints should be lacked and faced upward cleaned at the
end of each days working.

CURING: - The brickwork shall be kept wet for a period of at least 10 days after laying.
At the end of days work. The top of walls shall e flooded with water by matter small
weak mortar edging to contain at least 2-5 deep.

PROTECTION: - The brick shall be protected from the effect of sun saint feast etc
during the construction and up to such time at is green and likely to be damaged.

SCAFFOLDING:-Necessary and suitable scaffolding shall be sound and sports and
member sufficiently strong so as to withstand. All loads likely to come upon them.

MEASUREMENT :- Brickwork shall be measured in cu m (cu it) different kind of
brickwork with different mortar shall be taken under separate items. The thickness of
wall shall be taken under. multiple of half brick as half brick 10cm , 1 brick 20cm ,1
brick 30cm and 50, the rate shall be for the complete work molding scaffolding and all
the tools and plants

BRICK WORK 2
ND
CLASS AND 3
RD
CLASS:- For 2
nd
class brickwork brick shall be of
sec class and mortal be as specified may be canker lime or white lime and surki of 1:2
to 1:3 proportion. Mortal joint shall be not exceeding 10mm in thickness. Brick shall

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be soaked in water for at last three holus immediately before use other details are some
as for item above. For 3
rd
class brickwork shall be as specified and mortar joints shall
not of water before use.

BRICK WORK IN MUD MORTAR :- Brick work shall be specified, may be 2
nd
class of
3
rd
. the mud should be made of selected earth of tenacious nature so that it stick and
binds bricks the earth should be soaked in water at least. One day before and then
worked up with water by least. One day before and then worked up with water by
laborer treading it. Until at is perfect free from lumps and from a thick plastic mix. Joints
should exceed 12mm thickness soaking of English bond note more than 6cm 2 height
of brick work shall cause shall be truly horizontal other details of laying, protection,
scaffolding and measurement.

REINFORCED BRICK WORKS :-
MATERIALS: - Brick shall be strictly of first class quality and selected first class brick
shall be used mortar shall be fresh Portland cement. Sand shall be cause and free from
foreign matter. Steel reinforcement cement shall be of standard specification as
described in items.

CENTERING AND SHUTTERING:- The cantering and shuttering shall be made with
planking or sheeting of bombed pocked together at the required level supported on
runner of beans and covered with a thin layer about 2.5cm thick of earth finish off with a
light sprinkle of sand. The cantering shall be simple in const. so that it could be easily
removed without disturbing the structure. The planting shall be kept clear of the bearing
of slab. And will rest on class beams only. Planks shall not blond too closed to tender
them liable to jam. Closes beam shall be carried on the walls supported intervals by
ballies or temporary dry brick piles. The top surface of centering shall be given a
camper of 2mm for every 30cm. of span, up to a max of 4cm of lintels.


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MIXING OF MORTAR: - Mortar of cement and sand shall be thoroughly mixed in the
proportion of 1:3. First by fixing dye and them and added water slowly and gradually
and mixing by turning at least three to get uniform plastic mix of workable consistency
so that the motor may be packed. Sound the rein for cement. Quantity of water shall not
exceed 25ltr / bag of cement motor shall be mixed just before it is actually required. And
shall within 30min. state mortar shall never be used.

LAYING:- All bricks shall be thoroughly soaked with water for not less than hours
immediately before use brick shall laced frogs downward over the cantering in straight
line II to the direction of the rein force meant bass leaving the required. Gap for mortar
joint. No vertical joint should. Come along the inner edge of the wall. The gap for mortar
joint in which reinforcement has to be placed shall not be less than four times the
diameter of bar so as to provide a cover of 12mm an all sides of the steal bass,
usually mortar joint shall be 32 mm to 40 mm (1 to1) other joints where these will
not be any bar be 6mm to 10mm( to 3.8) thick.
CURING:- After about two hours laying when concrete has begun to harden it shall be
kept. Damp by covering with wet gunny by or wet sand for 24 hours and thin corned by
finding with water making mud walls 7.5cm 1/3 high or by covering with wet sand or
earth and kept damp continuously for 15 days.

MEASUREMENT:- Measurement shall be taken in cu mt (as ft) for the finished work
and as deduction shall be made for the volume of steel. Steal reinforcement shall be
measured. Under a separate item in quintal. Plastering if any shall not include in the
measurement. The rate for R.C.C. work shall be for the complete work excluding steel.
But including cantering and shuttering a dell tools and plants.

PLASTERING CEMENT MORTAR OR LIME MORTAR: - The joint of the brick work
shall be raked out to depth of 18mm. (3/4) and the surface of the wall shall be washed.
And kept wet for two days plastering. The materials of mortar, cement and sand as lime
and surki or sand, or kanker lime as specified should be of standard specification. The

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materials or mortar shall be first dry mixed by measuring with boxes to have the
required proportion and then water added slowly and gradually and mixed thoroughly.
The thickness of plasters shall be as specified. Usually 12mm ( ) applied in two or
three Coats. To ensure uniform thickness of plaster patches of 15 15 (6) strip 1m (3)
apart or 10 cm 4 uncle plasters shall be applied first at about 2m (6) apart. To act as a
guide first mortar shall be dashed and pressed over the surface and then brought to a
true smooth and uniform surface by means of float and trader. External plastering shall
be started from top and worked down. Towards floors. Internal plastering shall be
started wherever the building frame is ready and cauering of the roof slabs have been
removed. Cooling plastering shall be edges shall be sounded. The plastered surface
shall be kept wet for 10 days. The surface should be protected from rain sun, frost etc.
Curing shall be started as soon as the plaster has hardened sufficiently not to be
damaged when watered. The plaster shall be kept wet for at least 10 days. Any
defective plaster shall be cut in rectangular shape and replace.
Note:- Different proportion of mortar which may be used for plastering
Cement sand mortar:- 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 cement, lime, sand mortar 1:1:6 C:L:S.lime
surkhi or sand mortar:- 1:1, 1:2, kankar lime mortar kankar lime stonefor ceiling
plastering 1:3 cement mortar coarse sand & generally usedcement, lime sand mortar is
slow setting and has better workability than cement sand mortar.

PAINTING (CEMENT OR LIME MORTAR):- The joint of the brick shall be raked out to
depth of 20cm and surface of the wall washed and cleaned and kept for two days
before painting , the material of motor shall be first dymiored by measuring with bares to
have the request proportion of the specified the material of motor shall be first dry mix
by measuring with boxes to have the required proportion of specified the kanker lime
and soda for the matter of adding water slowly and gradually thoroughly mix.
Mortar shall than be applied in the joined slightly in the excess and pressed by the
proper tool of the required shape hectometer of any is removed and the surface
finished. Br8icks shall b e cleanly defined to give a neat appurtenance after painting the
surface shall be for seven days.

20 | P a g e


FLUSH PAINTING:-The mortar shall be pressed into the trea6 into the sacked cleaned
and wet joints and level with the edges of the bricks to give a smooth appearance the
edge shall be neatly teemed with a trawl and straight edge.

RULLED PAINTING:- The mortar shall be pressed into the sacked cleaned be formed
the wet joints and a groove of the shape and size of 5 o 6 mm deep shall be formed
ramming a forming tool of steel along the center line of the joints . the vertical joints also
be finished in a similar way at the right angle to the horizontal lines . the finished work
shall be give a neat and clean appearance with straight edge.

WEATHER OF TRUCK PAINTING:- The mortar shall be applied another sacked clean
and wet joints and the horizontal joints and the horizontal jobs shall be slapped so that
the jobs is sloping framing to bottom . the vertical shall be finished as rule foaming

RAISED OF TRUCKED PAINTING:- The mortar shall be applied in racked cleaned and
wet joints in the excess to foam raised . the mortar shall be pressed and run with the
wiper tool raised to the bands of 6 mm out of 10mm with directed

MEASUREMENTS:- Measurement shall be taken in a cu mm be fished and no
deduction shall be made for volume of steel informant shall be measured under a
separate atom in quite plastering of shall be measured of all may be shall not be
included in the measurements . The rate for the rockwork shall be before excluding
steel but including tool and plants

LIME PAINTING:- While all lime and shell be slacked of rile of work and mixed in the
proportion of 3 of lime and shell lime and they have thought mixed with the frequently
mixed with sufficient quantity under the drum . The mixture shell them be screened
thoroughly a course cloth into another and allowed to settle down for few days which
are in clear water shall be dictated and the cream like a paste of lime shall be taken

21 | P a g e

from leaving reduce of the bottom for the places application. those should be cleaned in
the applied coarse soda send lime and prepped lime paste of the proper triply the
viewed in the uniform to 3 mm (1/8) thickness by wood this should be handle with the
help of cement and rubbing with the steel trawl to ahead the surface of thru
smoothness of the kept mist for seven days after ruining shall be applied plastered
surface when the plaster are hardened.

2.5 cm (1) CEMENT
CONCRETE FLOOR: - The cement concrete floor shall be proportion 1:2:4 or 1: 2

:
3

as the specified . Cement shall be fresh port cement of standard specification. The
coarse aqgg. shall be hard and tought of 20mm (

)and free from dust etc. The sand

shall be coarse of shall be 5mm max size and down well gladded, clean free from dust,
dirt and organic mattar.
The floor shall be leveled and driver into panel of size not exceeding 1 mater in is
smaller dimension and 2meter in large dimension. Glass or AL ads 3mm thick and
depth equal to the thickness of floor shall be fixed on the base given in the floor for
drawing wash water.

COLORED FLOOR: - For colored finish the surface shall be finished with colored
cement floor the thickness of the two layer shall be 19mm and 6mm for polished floor
thaw thickness of the two layer shall be 2.5mm to allow for getting and polishing.
BASE:- In ground floor the cement concrete floor is shall be7.5 base of lime came or
weak cement concrete as per standard specification. If the bases consist of cement
concrete it shall be allowed o set for about 7day in case the base in of weak cement
concrete the flooring shall commenter within 48 hours of laying the base. The thickness
of c.c. floor for office building, school, in upper floor should be 4cm 11/2.
MOSAIC OR TERRAZZO FLOOR: - The mosaic floor consists of two layers the bottom
layer 2 cm to 2.5 cm cement concrete 1:2:4 or 1: 2

: 3

as specified and the upper layer

6mm thick consisting of a mix of marble clops and cement in the of one plat vow cement
and pelt of cement and part of marble chips. The top layer is laid on the following day. It

22 | P a g e

shall be laid more than the specified thickness in order to get the specified thickness
after cutting and finishing cement shall be of standard specification the sand shall be
cause well graded, clean and free from dont and .the stone gilt shall be hard and tough
of 12mm gauge well graded clean and free from dust and dist. The marble chip be of
3mm gauge having max size max size 3mm and min size 5mm large of marble chip
limited 6mm in use of floor and big room cement concerti shall be prepared for mixing
the interred dry by measuring with box and shall be mixed dry and .this dry mixed but
shall be mixed with stone chip dry and then mixed by adding water slowly and then start
uniformly mixed with water and cement washed then they came in the led by glass A
strips and leveled with wooden floods
The marble chip cement are measuring with require proportion 1
st
dry mixed and
thanthrouthtly vaguely to have uniform plastic mix. Within 2hours of laying bottom layer
cement concerti in the upper layer of chips and they shall be lead and the surface
temped slightly and finished perfectly in the level of strife edge and they shall be
covered with wet bag and covered desirable for 2 days. the surface shall be cut or
ground by rubbing with sand stone blocks and all the cement in the surface remove a
need cement wash shall than big be given in the surface and left undesirably for 6 days
with cop. Stone of different grade starting with coarse and finer ones by rubbing cont.
with a uniform ground paper the surface should be kept after final rubbing with clean
water
Mosaic or terrazzo file floor: - precast manufactured mosaic or tear file are used.
brick on edge or brick flooring over 7.5cm lime

CONCRETE: - Surface removes a need cement wash shall than big be given in the
surface and left undesirably for 6 days with cop. Stone of different grade starting. The
surface of base lime mixed and thanthrouthtly is mixed dry and. plastic mix. Within
2hours of laying bottom layer cement concerti in the upper layer of chips and they shall
be lead and the surface temped slightly and finished perfectly in the level of strife edges
specified with the water plastic mix. within 2hours of laying bottom layer cement concerti
in the upper layer of chips and they shall be lead and the surface temped slightly and

23 | P a g e

finished perfectly in the level of strife edge the e surface should the bricks cement motor
as specified.

WHITE WASHING:-Fresh white lime slacked as the site of work should be act as the
marking of the quality required with the help of clean water screened through a coarse
clothes cloth and gun in the proportion are in the dry type of the work and they shall
applied of flushing the four few days which are in clear water shall be dictated and the
cream like a paste of lime shall be taken from leaving reduce of the bottom for the
places application. those should be cleaned in the applied coarse soda send lime and
prepped lime paste of the proper triply the viewed in the uniform to 30mm thickness by
wood this should be handle with the help of cement and rubbing with the steel trawl to
ahead the surface of thru smoothness of the kept mist for seven days
Cloud washing: - cloud are shall be propped with fresh started in the cloud pigment with
the required quantity withdayof wash shall be applied for one or specified the method of
the applications are for white washing The materials or mortar shall be first dry mixed by
measuring with boxes to have the required proportion and then water added slowly and
gradually and mixed thoroughly.

DISTEMPERING:- The distempering shall be of best quantity and closured the
distemper should be mixed and wat6er added as laid power and shirred through and the
part past is allowed to sand for a new minute . The past is then turn with water too have
a thin cream if the surface is rough it should be smooth with sand paper. The surface
must be perfectly dry before distempering is command. In the new cement plaster the
surface shall be washed over with the selection of zinc sulphate one 1kg in 10ltr of
water and then closed today in old surface shall be prepared with water. Plaster of Paris
where required & then whole surface sand prepared & washed &allowed to dry.
The number of coats shall be two or as specified. The distemper shall be kept well
surred in containers & shall be applied with broad brushes. First horizontally &
immediately crossed vertically. Brushing should not be continued too long to avoid
brush marks .The second shall be applied after the first coats is dried up. After each

24 | P a g e

days work the brushes will be washed kept dry distempering should be done during dry
weather but not during the hot weather
Nor wet weather.

OIL DISTEMPER:-Oils distemper is similar to ordinary dry distemper in powder form in
oil distemper compound oil is mixed by manufacturer while manufacture for application
of oil distemper is mixed with the required quantity of water & then applied on surface.
This method of preparation & application are similar as described above.

SNOWCEM WASHING:-

GENERAL: -Snowcem consists of a base of white cement mixed with finely powdered
coloring pigment to have the desired color and with addition of small quantities of
ingredients. It gives a water proof surface snowcem is solid by manufacturer in 50kg
drums. 25kg drums&5kg of various colors. The snowcem of desired color may be
chosen.

MIXING :-Only fresh snowcem should be used .Hard or set snowcem should not be
used .The content should be made loose by rolling and shaking the container before
opening the container. First a paste shall be prepared by mixing 2 parts of snowcem
powder with one part of water by volume &immediately this should be thinned by adding
one another part of water to have a uniform solution of consistency of paint

APLLICATION: -The surface should be cleaned to remove the dust by use of soft wire
brush. The surface shall than be wetted by sprinkling the water &water should allow
running off. The fresh mixed snowcem should be applied with good quality brush .The
first coat shall be well brushed into the surface to form a good bond. Snowcem should
be used within the hour of mixing & should be kept stirred during the application. At the
end of day each application of snowcem the surface should be wetted with fine water
spray for curing.

25 | P a g e

After a day second coat of snowcem of similar preparation should be applied on wetted
surface & second coat should be applied carefully to give uniform &good finished
appearance. Covering capacity of 50kg of snowcem for two coats of on plastered
surface is 100sq.m

DECORATIVE CEMENT COLOUR WASHING :- For decorative as well as water
repellent washing on the external surface of building white cement mixed with
color(pigment) other ingredient may be used the quantity(proportion) of the different
ingredient in percentage basis as well as per bag of cement are give below:-
INGREDIANTS PERCENTAGE PER BAG OF CEMENT
White cement 75% 50kg
Slaked lime 10% 6.5kg
Powered glue 10% 6.5kg
Alum 2% 1.3kg
Aluminum Stearate 1.5% 0.33kg
Plaster of Paris 2.5% 1.63kg

To get the desired color and shade powdered metallic color should be mixed with white
cement to extent of 5% to 10% of white cement by weight (2.5kg to 5kg per bag of
cement).

MIXING AND PREPRATION:- Slaked lime should be dissolved in cold water &powered
alum should be dissolved in hot water in separate container the solution should be thin
& should be screamed through a piece of cloth and prepared & kept ready in advance of
application
At the time of application white cement plaster of Paris, aluminum sterate and color
should be mixed intimately in the above mentioned proportion &the mixer added to
slaked lime solution & stirred continuously .The alum &glue solution should be added &
stirred continued .Fresh water should be added to bring the solution to consistency of
cream similar to oil paint. The final mixed solution should consist of all ingredients in

26 | P a g e

proportion mentioned above .The mixing should by batches of about one fourth bag
cement at a time with other ingredients in same proportion. A uniform consistency
should be maintained for all batches of mix .Only so much quantity as can be used
within half an hour should be prepared &mixed at a time.

APPLICATION OF WASH: -Before the wash is applied, the surface should be lubbed&
cleaned off all loose dust &dirt and wash with water .The mixed cement should be
applied event with bead distemper brushes second should be applied after 4 hours
&during this period the surface should be kept most.

CURING: -After application of cement the surface should be kept moist for at least
2days by frequent light sprinkling of water .Surface should be protected from Hudson&
drying winds by hanging hersiancloth on the scaff of day & periodically wetting with
water.

COVERING CAPACITY: - One bag of white cement (50 kg) mixed with other gradients
will cover an area of 80sq m to 100sq m for two coats over plastered surface. One
expert washer (white washer))& one by can coolie can wash 30sq m to 40sq m per day
for first coat and 40sq m to 50 sq m per day for second .

PAINTING: - The brand of paint shall be specified & readymade paint of required color
should be used .if thinner is required, pure turpentine may be added to required extent.
The surface should make perfectly smooth by rubbing with sandpaper of different
grades first with coarse one and successively with fine sand papers. All holes & open
joints should be filled with strong putty or with a mixture of glue & plaster of Paris and
smoothened by rubbing with sand paper.
The number of coats shall be as specified in new work one priming coat & then two coat
of paint shall be applied with brushes evently&smoothly by closing &laying off in the
direction of grains of wood work and no brush mark should be visible . Each coat shall
be perfectly by before the next is applied. Before the next coat is applied the surface

27 | P a g e

shall be rubbed with sand paper to give smooth & glazed surface .the paint should be
stirred in container immediately before use.Brush should be cleaned and washed with
turpentine at the end of days work and kept dry.If stiff paint is used it should be first
prepared by mixing with double boiled with linseed oil &turpentine to thin cream.
For measurement of painting a different work .we done above if old paint is to be
removed it may be removed with washing with soda water or with caustic soda. The
surface should be dried and rubbed with sand paper before the paint is applied .In old
painted surface of paint is not required to be removed .but required repainting the
surface should be washed with soap water and then paint shall be applied .In steel work
exposed to weather the painting should be done either with red oxide paint or with
aluminum paint.

VARNISHING: - Knots, holes, cracks etc. shall be filled and covered with putty made of
whitening and linseed oil. The wood work shall be rubbed down with sand sufficiently
smooth to remove any grains marks and shall be cleaned beforehand. Two coat of
boiled linseed oil or two thin coat of glue as specified shall be applied and each such
coat shall be allowed to dry up and rubbed down smooth with a fine sand paper .The
varnish shall be applied
To dry up and rubbed down smooth with a fine sand paper. The varnish shall be applied
with brush using strong firm of brushes and spread evenly...the brush should be of good
quality and perfectly cleaned. In the case sand paper shall be rubbed across the gain
which may cause the finest marks on the finished surface.Specified quality of copal
varnish shall be laid on the prepared surface in thin coats unless any other is
mentioned. For new wood work a second coat shall be applied after the first coat of
varnish has thoroughly dried up. Varnishing shall be done during dry weather and
should not to allow to be undertaken in rainy days.

PAINTING STEEL AND IRON WORK: - All rust scales, dirt, supplier delivery marks, oil,
grease, etc shall be removed by rubbing with sand paper before painting .Special care
shall be taken for cleaning of corners .All structural steel work shall be painted with red

28 | P a g e

lead before erecting except the surface which will be in contact with conc. Where
corrosive effects is likelihood from sea ,atmosphere ,a coat of raw linseed oil shall be
applied on surface immediately after cleaning and before the first coat of red lead is
applied .Two to three coats of approved ready manufactured paint or ready mixed paint
shall be applied at right angles to each other after erection
Of the structural member .Each coat shall be allowed to dry up perfectly before the
final caot is applied .Painting shall be done in dry weather.

FRENCH SPIRIT POLISHING
POLISH: - Pure shellac. varying from pale orange to lemon yellow color free from
resin,dirt,etc shall be dissolved in methylate spirit at the rate of 0.15kg of shellac to
1liter of spirit .Suitable pigment shall be added to get the required shade.

PREPARATION OF SURFACE: - The surface of timber shall be cleaned and rubbed
down smooth with sand paper Knots if visible shall be covered with a preparation of
lead and glue laid on. While hot holes and indentation on surface shall be filled with
putty & smoothened .The surface shall be then be given a coat of filler made by mixing
whiting in methyl ate spirit at the rate of 1.5kg of whitening per liter of spirit .The surface
shall be rubbed down perfectly smooth with glass paper and wiped clean
APPLICATION: - A pad of woolen cloth covered by a fine cloth shall be used apply the
polish. The pad shall be moistened with the polish & rubbed hard on the wood in series
of over lapping circles applying the polish sparingly but uniformly over the entire surface
to give uniform surface.No. of coats shall be as specified .The second coat shall be
applied after the first is dried, in the same way for first coat...
WOOD WORKS:- All wood work of which the scantling exceeds 20sqm section & which
is not specially molded or curved .This include all timber work in check hates of doors
and windows in roof work as beams, struts, ties , etc. Timber shall as specified may be
teak , sheesham , Sal , deodar , etc .The timber should be of best quality well seasoned
angle free from shap ,knot , works , cracks or any other defect .The scantling shall be
sawn in direction of grains .All wood work shall be planed and neatly and truly finished

29 | P a g e

to exact dimension .All joints shall be neat &strong , truly &accurately fitted and coat
with white lead , before fitting together all portion of timber of built into or containing
masonry or conc. shall be given two coats of solignum or tar or other approved
preservation 7exposed surface of timber shall be painted with two coats of approved
paint over a coat priming .
All beams shall be bedded on plates with a minimum bearing of 25cm and 6cm clear air
space shall be left on each side .No wood work shall be fixed within 60cm of any fire
work place.
Measurement of wood work shall be taken in cum for the finished work fixed in position
including sawing; planning, jointing, etc. painting of wood work shall be measured under
separate item.

DOORS AND WINDOW: - Timber shall be of kind as specified may be of teak, shisham,
Sal deodar. Timber shall be of best quality well seasoned The timber should be of best
quality well seasoned angle free from shap, knot, works, cracks or any other defect .The
scantling shall be sawn in direction of grains .All wood work shall be planed and neatly
and truly finished to exact dimension .All joints shall be neat &strong, truly &accurately
fitted and coat with white lead, before fitting together.

CHOUKHATS: - The choukhats shall be properly framed and joined by mortise and
tension joint with hard wooden pins and the joints shall be coated with white lead before
being fitted together. The choukhats shall be of section as per drawing may be
7.5*10cm or similar shall be painted with two coats of soligum and the other faces shall
be painted with a prime coat before fixing in position.

SHUTTERS OR LEAVES: - The shutters may be paneled, glazed and palt glazed,
battened, or ventilation As specified .The thickness of shutter shall be 3 to 5cm. The
styles rails and panels shall be planned and neatly and truly finished to exact dimension
.The styles and rails shall be framed properly and accurately with mortise and tonon
joint fixed with wooden pins Panels shall be one piece without any joint and shall be

30 | P a g e

fixed with 12m insertion into the rails and styles provided with moldings as per
design.The thickness of panel shall be 12 to 25mm .All rail over 15cm in width shall
have double tenon. No tenon shall exceed one fourth of thickness of plank for glazed
windows sash bars shall not be less than 40*40 mm and glass shall be fixed with nays
and putty or with wooden beddings over felt as specified .All joint shall be glued before
being fitted.

FITTINGS: -All doors shall be provided with handle on both sides and all windows with
handle on inner side .One of doors of each room shall be provided with sliding bolts on
outer side for locking, lower bolts, hook bolts, stops for keeping the leaves open and
also wooden block to prevent leaves striking the jambs of wall etc. shall be provided.
The fittings may be of iron , brass or oxidizing as specified of approved quality of
screws shall be of suitable length and correct dia and shall be fixed with screw driver
and not hammering.

PAINTING:-The surface of shutters and choukhats shall be painted with two coats of
approved paint over a coat of priming. Faces of choukhatin contact with masonry shall
be painted with two coats of soligum preservative before fixing. A prime coat of painting
with primer paint shall be applied on remaining surface before fixing in position.

MEASURMENT: - The rate shall be for complete work including hanging &fixing in
position .The choukhat shall be measured in cum under wood work for the finished work
&the length of tenons shall be added to right length .The measurement of shutters shall
be taken in sq m for finished work in closed position of overlap of two shutters shall not
be measured .The painting shall be measured separately under a separate item in sq
m. The cost of fitting may be excluded if specified &fitting supplied by department or
owner but the fixing of fitting or hanging in position shall be included in late.

GLAZING: - Glass shall be of the best quality and free from the bubbles, scratches, and
other defects. The thickness of glass may be 3mm or specified. The glass panels shall

31 | P a g e

be fixed in 15mm rebate the wooden frame leaving 1.5mm clear gap all around for
allowing the expansion. The rebate shall be painted before glass is fixed. Putty shall be
of best quality made of fine
Powdered whitening and linseed oil, kneaded into a thick paste. First a thin layer of
putty shall be applied on the rebate then glass shall be fixed in position by a few small
nails &then putty shall be applied and pressed in position and finished of neatly and in
such a manner that no putty project beyond the rebate . The putty then shall be applied
with a coat of paint. In case of large glass panels these should be fixed in rivets by
molded. Wooden fillets all rounds with brass or nickel screws inserting a strip of felt or
rubber in rebates under the glass to act as a cushion .The wooden fillets should be fixed
with painting.

CENTERING AND SHUTTERING :- Shuttering shall be either of hard wooden
planking 30mm thick .The shuttering shall be supported on battens , beams , props ,
and wedges and properly across placed together so as to make the form work
sufficiently rigid strong and actable to support the wet conc. Work and should not yield
on working and laying conc. .Beams for centering shall be carried and supported on the
walls with double wedges under neath and supported at intervals with props.
Props shall consist of ballies or brick pillars in mud mortar. Ballie props shall rest on
double wedge placed over wooden planks of 40mm thickness so as to facilitate
tightening and causing of centering and shuttering. In case of brick pillars &double
wedges inserted in between the sole plank and the beam of the centering and
shuttering.
The shuttering shall be kept clear of wall bearing and made to rest on cross beams or
battens. The shuttering shall have smooth and even surface and its joint shall be closed
tight and shall not permit leakage of cement mortar if required the joints shall be lined
with craft paper or other approved material . Inner face of shuttering shall be applied
with a wash of molded oil raw linseed oil or other approved material to prevent
adherence of conc. For slabs &beams small chamber shall be given in shuttering.
Camber of 1cm per 2.50m or .5 per 10feet with a max 4cm.

32 | P a g e

Centering and shuttering shall not be removed before 14days in general.Centering and
shuttering shall be removed slowly and Carefully without any shock or vibration by
slackening and removing the wedges gradually in such a manner that no. part of conc.
And shuttering shall be measured in sqm and the surface area in contact with conc.
shall be measured.

MUD PUSHKA TARRACING WITH TILE BRICK PAVING: - Mud phuska terracing will
be suitable in hot dry region where the rainfall doesnt exceed 130 per annum and
externally hot temperature occurs during summers.
MUD MORTARMUD MORTAR: - Mud mortar shall be prepared from good brick earth
free from grass, root, gravel, kankar, etc. The earth shall be reduced to a fine powered
state and mixed bhusa at 8kg per cu m of mortar and then mixed with sufficient water in
a pit. The mix shall be worked up with spades and feet daily for at least 4 days so as to
get a homogenous mass...
*Laying: - The mud mortar shall be laid on terrace the request thickness 75 cm to 10 cm
and a minimum moisture condition. The surface shall be checked with straight edge and
spirite level and corrected where necessary with the same mortar. The surface shall be
checked with straight edges and spirit level and if any cracks appear these shall be filled
with liquid cow dung.

MUD GOBRI PLASTER: - The surface shall then be given a coat of 12mm plaster of
mud gobri mortar 3:1 cow dung free from grass, stew seeds and other impurities shall
be soaked in water and powdered earth shall be added in ratio of 3:1 and mixed
thoroughly adding water to have homogeneous mix of workable consistency. The
mortar shall than be applied to a uniform thickness of 12mm.

PAVING WITH BRICK: - First class flat tiles 4cm thick well made of good brick earth be
used. The tiles shall be level dry on the mud gobri plaster before it dries up completely
with open joints not more than 6mm wide. Tile should be mastered by parapet wall by
4cm. The open joints shall than be grouted with cement mortar 1:3 care should be taken

33 | P a g e

to see that no joints remain unfilled or partially filled. The joints than shall be finished
flush with surface. The tile paving shall be cured by covering with wet bags or wet sand
for at least seven days and during this period the surface shall be protected from
damage.

MEASURMENT: - The rate shall be for complete work of mud layer of articulated
thickness, mud gobri plaster and the tile paving. The measurement shall be taken for
finished work over the tiled surface in sq m no deduction shall be made for opening or
rises up to 0.4sq m.
Mud terracing may be over R.C.C. slab or two layers of tiles or one layer of brick or one
player of stone slab or wooden planks supported on battens or beams of R.C.C. steel of
timber.
One coat or two coat of asphalt may be applied on base or concrete before laying the
mud mortar if specified.


















34 | P a g e



















35 | P a g e

DESIGN OF SLAB ( ONE- WAY SLAB)

Room = 2.8. x 4.8.m
Assume 1 m width of slab.

ocbc = 7 N/mm
2

ost = 230 N/mm
2


M = 13.33
K = 0.23
J = 0.90
Q = 0.91 N/mm
2

Assuming 2800 =25
d
d =112.00 mm

D = 112+20+10 =137, Say 140 mm

2
Assuming bearing of slab = 300 mm

Eff. span = 2.8+0.3 = 3.1 m

LOADING :-

self wt. of slab =0.140x 0.1x 25000 = 3500 N/m

Live load = 2000x1 = 2000 N/m

wt. of sand filling = 0.06x 1x 15.5x10
3


wt. of tile tlooring = 0.04x1x11000= 440 N/m

Total wt. = 6870 N/m





36 | P a g e



Max. B.M = WL
2
8
= 6870X 3.1
2
= 82525 N-m
8

= 8252580 N-mm.

Eff.depth of slab required. d = M
Qb

= 8252580 = 95mm
0.91x1000

= 95 < 162 - 0.k.

Area of steel per meter witdh of slab

Ast = M
ost.j.d

= 8252580 = 35509
230x .90x 112

Area of one 10 mm / bar = II x10
2
78.54 mm
2



4

C/c spacing of to mm / bar =

= area of one bar x 1000/ total area of steel

=78.54 x 1000/ 355.9= 220.7 mm
2


say 220 mm
2




37 | P a g e

which is less than 3d
= 3 x 112 =336 or 300 mm

Hence OK.

Actual Ast
( provided)
= 1000 x 78.54 =357 mm
2



CHECK FOR EFF. DEPTH OF SLAB FROM DEFLECTION
CONSIDEATION

Pt = 100 Ast
bd

= 100 x 357 =0031
100 x 112

Fs = 0.58 fy (Ast ( req. )
Ast ( prov.)
= 0.58 x 415 x 355.9

= 23909 N/mm
2


For Pt = 0.31 % an Fs = 240 N/mm
2


Kt. = 1.46.

(l/d)
max.
= 20 Kt.



( 3100 ) = 20 x 1.46


112
max.



27.7 = 29.2 ....................... Hence O.K.



38 | P a g e

DISTRIBUTION STEEL :-

Area of distribution st. = 0.12 % of Total cross - section area.
=0.12x bd/100 = (0.12 x 1000 x 1400)/ 100=168 mm
2

= 168 mm
2


using 8 mm | bar as distribution to

Area of one 8 mm | bar = tx 8
2
= 50.26 mm
2
4

: spacing of 8 mm | bar = 50.26 x 1000
168
= 299 say 300 C/c

which is less than 5 d or 450, Hence O.K.

CHECK FOR SHEAR :-

Max S.F.V = W L = 6870 x 208 /2
2
= 9618 N


Nominal shear stress tv = V/ bd

= 9618/ 1000 x 112

= 0.09 N/ mm
2











39 | P a g e




for M 20 conc. & p =0.31 %

Tc = 0.22 + {0.30-0.22} x( 0.31-0.25)
(0.50-0.25)



tc = 0.24 n/mm
2


from table, for solid slab k = 1.30

.. permissible shear stress for slabs,

tc = 0.24 x 1.30 = 0.31 N/mm
2

.. tv <tc
Hence no shear reinforcement is required.

CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH :-

set alternate 10 mm Q bar bend up at a distance l/7


= 3.11 x 1000 = 443 mm
7




from centre of sopports

or 445 - 300 = 295mm from support
2




40 | P a g e


Astavavible at support = 1/2 x 356

= 178 mm
2


M1 = ( ost. Ast. j.d)

= 230 x 178 x 0.90 x 112

= 4126752 N- mm

Suppose the bar are given 90 . bend at cetnre of support, its anchorage
value.

Lo = 8| = 8 x 10 = 80 mm

M1 /V + Lo = 4126752 + 80
9618

= 509 mm

Ld = | ost = 100 x 230 = 449.2 mm
4 tbd 4 x1.28


Since M
1
+ Lo > Ld
v

Hence code requirement is satisfied. ok











41 | P a g e


SLAB DESIGN OF ALL ROOM SIZE = 3.2 m x 4.8 m

Assume 1 m width of slab.

ocbc = 7 N/mm
2

ost = 230 N/mm
2

m = 280 = 13.33
36cbc


k = 0.29
j = 0.90
Q = o.91 N/mm
2


Assuring span = 25
D

3.2 = 25
D

d = 3200 = 128 say 130 mm
25

D = 130 + 20 + 10/2 = 155 mm

= 130+ 20 + 10 = 155 mm.


Assuming bearing of slab = 300 mm.

Eff. span = 3.2 + 0.3 = 3.5 m

LOADING :-

Self wt. = 0.155 x 1x 25000
= 3875 N/m.

live load = 2000 x 1 = 2000 N/m

42 | P a g e




Wt. of sand filling = 0.06 x 1 x 1505 x 10
3


= 930 N/m

Wt. of tile flooring = 0.04 x 1 x 11000
= 440 N/m

Total load = 724 N/m

Max. B.M = wl
2
= 7245 x 308
2
= 11094 N-m
8 8

= 11094000 N-mm

Eff. Depth, d = M
Qb

= 11094000 = 110< 130 = Hence Ok
O.91 x 1000





Adopt eff. depth of slab = d = 130 mm


Area of stoper m width of slab


Ast. = M = 11094000
ost.j.d 230 x 0.9 x 130

= 412 mm
2

Area of one 14 mm | bar = t x 10
2
= 153.5 mm
2

4


43 | P a g e




c/c spacing of 10 mm | bar = Area of one bar x 1000.
412
= 190 mm c/c

Which is less than 3 d or 300 mm

Hence ok

Actvalasc provided = 1000 x 78.54 = 413mm
2


CHECK EFF. DEPTH OF SLAB FROM DEFLECTION CONSIDER
ATION :-

Pt. = 100 Ast
bd

= 100 x 413 = 0.32%
1000 x 130

Fs = 0.58 fy [Ast (required)]
Ast (provided)

= 0.58 x 415 [412] = 240N/mm
2

413


Pt. = 0.32 &fs = 240 N/mm
2



kt = 1.46

( L ) = 20 kt
d



44 | P a g e


= 20 X 1.46 = 29.1

( l/d )max. = 3800 = 26.9 < 29.1
130
.................Hence Ok

DISTRUBUTION STEEL :-

Area of distribution steel = 0.12 % of total cross sectional area

= 0.12 x bd = 0.12 x 1000 x 155
100 100


= 186 mm
2


using 8mm | bar as distribution steel

Area of one bar 8mm o = II x 8
2
= 50.26 mm
2

4


= 270 mm clc


which is less than 5 d or 450
............Hence ok


CHEAR FOR SHEAR :-

Max Shear force, V = wl = 7248 x 302
2 2
= 11592 N






45 | P a g e

Nauinal shear stress=Tv =V/ bd



= 11592 =0.09 N/mm
2
1000 x 130

p = 0.32 %


Tc = 0.22+ {0.30-0.22} x {.32-025}
0.50-0.25

= 0.25 N/mm
2

t
v
<t
c

hence no shear reinforcement is required.

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH AT SUPPORT :-

let alternate gent up bar at distance l/7

= 3.5 x 1000 = 500 mm from centre of supports

7
Astavavilableatt support = 1/2 x 413 = 206.5mm
2

M
1
= ost.j.d
= 230 x 206.5 x 0.9 x 130
= 5556915 N- mm

V = 11592 N








46 | P a g e


suppot the bar are given 90 bend at the centre of support, its encharege
value
for 8mm |

Lo = 8 x 10 = 80mm

M1/V + Lo = 556915


= 559.38 mm.

L
d
= | ost = 100 x 230
4 t
bd
4 x 1.28

Since
M
1
+Lo < L
d
, Hence the code required is satisfied.
V


47 | P a g e

SLAB DESIGN (ONE- WAY):-
Lobby size 1.8m x 51.1m

ocbc = 7 N/mm
2,
ost = 230 N/mm
2


m =13.33
k =0.29
j =0.90
Q =0.91 N/ mm
2


Asuming span =25
d
= 1800 =25
d


d= 72 mm

D= 72 + 20 + 8/2 = 96 mm


Effective span:-
c/c bearing = 1.8 + 0.3 = 2.1 m.


LOADING :-

Self wt. of slab = 0.1x 0.1x 25000 = 2500 N/m

live load = 2000x 1 =2000 N/m

wt of sand filling = 0.06x 1x 15.5x1000 = 930 N/mm

wt of tile flooring = 0.04x 1x 11000 = 440 N/m

Total load =5870 N/m





48 | P a g e

CHECK FOR EFF.DEPTH OF SLAB FROM DEFLECTION
CONSIDERATION :-


Pt =100 Ast

= 100 x 218 =0.30 %
bd

= (100 x 218) /1000 x 72 = 0.30 %

Fs =0.58 fy { Ast ( req.) }
Ast ( pro)

= 0.58 x 415 { 217.5 }



218
= 240 N /mm
2

for pt = 0.30 % &fs = 240 N/mm
2


Kt. = 1.47

(l/d)max. = 20 Kt

1500/ 72 = 20 x 1.47

25 > 29.4 Hence O.k.

Check for shear :-

Max S.F., V = WL =5870 x 1.8
2 2

= 5283 N




49 | P a g e


Nominal shear stress, tv = V/bd

=5283 =6.073 n/mm
2
1000x 72

for m 20 conc. and p = 0.31 %

Tc =0.22+ {0.30-0.22 } x {.30 -0.25 }

0.50- 0.25
= 0.24 %

.. tv-tc, hence no shear reinforcement is required.


CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH AT SUPPORTS :-

let alternate 10 mm| bar be bent-up at a distance l/7

= 2.1 x 1000
7
=300mm from centre of support






Astavavilable at support = 1/2 x 218 =109 mm
2


M1 =ost. Ast. j.d
= 230 x 109 x 0.9 x 72
= 1624536 N-mm
V =5283 N

suppose the bar are given at 90 bend at the centre of support, its enchroge
value


50 | P a g e

Lo = 8| = 8x 10 = 80 mm.

M
1
+ Lo = 1624536 + 80
v 5283

= 388 mm

Ld = | ost
4 tbd

= 18 x 230 = 359.3 mm
4 x 1028




M
1
+ Lo > hence code required. is satisfied.
v


















51 | P a g e

BEAM DESIGN at corner having L= 4.8m :-

ocbc. = 7 N/mm
2


ost. = 230 N/mm
2

m = 13.33
k = 0.29
j = 0.90
Q = 0.91 N/mm
2
(use M20 conc.& Fe 415 steel)

Clear span of beam = 4.8 m

let eff. depth of beam of = 1 of span
10
D = 480 + 40 = 520 mm
( assuming eff. cover 40 mm )

let wodth of beam = b = 300 mm


Size of assuming scetion of beam = 300 x 520 mm

eff. span of bean will be least of following :-

Distance b/w centre of support = 4.8 +0 0.3 = 5.1m

Eff. Span of beam, l = 5.1m








52 | P a g e




Self wt. of beam = 0.30 x 0.52 x 25000 = 3900 N/m

Slab load = 6870 = 6870 N/m
2

Total load an beam = 7335 N/m

Max. B.M = wl
2
= 7335 x 6.3
2
= 36390.7N-m
8 8

=36390000N-mm

Assume section is balanced

Qbd
2
= M
D = m = 36390000
Qb 0.91 x 300





= 365 mm

Which is less than that assumed in working out load for calculation B.M.

Adopt overall depth of beam

D = 520


Avavilable eff. depth assuming 14 mm | main bar,


d = 520- 20- 8- 14 = 486 mm
2


53 | P a g e



Ast. of steel req. Ast. = M
6st. j.d

= 36390000 = 363.2mm
2

230 x 0.90 x 486

Area of one bar of 14 mm | = t/4 x 14
2
= 153.5 mm
2



No. of bar req. = 363.2/ 153.5 = 2.55 say
3 bar

( Ast provided = 3 x 153.5 = 460.5 mm
2
)

CHECK FOR MINIMUM RAINFORCEMENT :-

As = 0.85 bd = 0.85 x 300 x 8484
fy 415


= 297.4 mm
2


provide steel is more than min. required. Hence sefe.

CHECK FOR DEPTH OF BEAM FOR DEFLECTION CONSIDERATION

p = 100 Ast = 100 x 460 = 0.32%
bd 300 x 484


fs = 0.58 fy[ Ast. ( req.) ]
Ast. (prov.)

= 0.58 x 415 x [363] = 190 N/m
460


54 | P a g e




Kt = 1.81

(l/d)max. = 20 kt
= 20 x 1.8 = 36

5100/ 484 = 10.6
= 10.6 < 36 .......... Hence ok


CHEK FOR SHEAR :-




Nominal shear stress tv = v = 17604 = 0.12 N/mm
2

bd 300x 484

Max permissible share stress for M20 = 1.8 N/mm
2


Since tv <tc max. Hence ok.

Assuming one bar to be bent up at 45


p = 100 As = 100x 2x 153.5 = 0.21%
bd 300x 484

for p = 0.21% & M20

tc = 0.20 N/mm








55 | P a g e


tv > tc, shear raintorcemeant is required.

Shear force for shear reinforcement
Vs = V- tcbd

= 17604-0.20 x 300 x 484
= 5410 n
shear taken by bent-up bar = osv x Asv x sind

where Asc = 1 x ii x 14
2
= 153.9 mm
2
.
4

shear taken by bent up bar = 230 x 1539 x sin 45

= 24777.9 N


shear taken by bent up bar to Vs
2
=540/2 =2705<24777.9 n


Net shear to be resited by vertical stirrups,

Vs = 5410-2705 =2705 N

using 8mm | 2 legged stirrups

Asv =2 x II x 8
2
=100.53 mm
2
4







56 | P a g e



spacing , Sv = osv x Asv x d



= (140 x 100.53 x 484)/ 2704

= 2519 mm
max. spacing as per min. shear reinforcement.

Sv = 0.87 Asv fy/0.4b

= 0.87x 100.53 x 250/ 0.4 x300

= 182 or 180 mm
c/c spacing should not exceed the least of following :

i) 0.75 d = 0.75 x 484 = 363 mm
ii) 300 mm

provide 8 mm | 2 legged strrups @ 180 c/c throughout the length the of
beam


CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH (end enchorage) :-

M = ost.Ast.j.d

Ast = 2 x 153.5 ( 2 bar are at supports)

= 307.8 mm
2







57 | P a g e

M1 = 230 x 307 x 0.90 x 484

= 30837866.4 N-mm

V = 17604 N

Suppose the bar given 90 bend at the centre of support, its inchorage
value

Lo = 8| = 8 x 16 = 128 mm

.. M1/ V + Lo = 30837866.4/ 17604 + 128

= 1879.9 mm
Ld = ost/ 4 tbd

= 16 x 230/ 4x 1.28
= 719 mm

Since M1/ V+ Lo > Ld, Hence code is safe.

SUMMARY :-

Size of beam = 300 x 520 mm
Main steel. = 3 bar of 16 mm| ( one bar bent-up)
Stirrups = 8mm | 2 legged @ 180mm c/c.








58 | P a g e


BEAM DESIGN :

ocbc = 7 N/mm
2

ost. = 230 N/mm
2


m = 13.33
k = 0.29
j = 0.90
Q = 0.91 N/mm
2

(use M20 grade conc.& Fe 415 steel)

clear span of beam = L= 4.8 m

let eff. depth of beam =d = 1/10 of span

= 1/10 x 4800 =480 mm


D = 480 + 40=520mm

let width of beam =b= 300 mm

size of assumed scetion of beam = 300 x 520 mm

i) Distance b/w centre of support = 4.8+0.3= 5.1m

eff. span =5.1 m


LOADING :-

self wt. of beam = 0.3 x 0.52 x 25000 =3900 N/m







59 | P a g e

Slab load =6870 N/m

Total Load = 10770 N/m

Max. B.N =wl
2
=10770 x 5.1
2
8 8

=35615.9 N-m

=35015900 N-mm.

Assume scetion is balanced

Q bd
2
= M

d = =358 mm


d = M/ Qb = 35015900/ 0.91 x 300

= 358 mm

358 < 480 mm


Adopt overall depth of beam.

D = 520

Avavilable eff. depth assuming 14 mm bar

d = 520 - 20 - 8 - 14/2 = 484 mm

Ast of steel required = Ast = M
ost.j.d






60 | P a g e




Area of one bar of 14 mm = t/4 x 14
2
= 153.9mm
2

No. of bar required = 345 = 2.5 say 3 bar.
153

Ast provided = 3 x 153.9 = 460 mm
2


CHECK FOR MIN. REINFORCEMENT :-

As = 0.85 bd = 0.85 x 300x 484
fy 415

= 297.4 mm

min. Ast < Ast provided

Provide st. is more than min required. ......... Hence safe.

CHECK FOR DEPTH OF BEAM FROM DEFLECTION
CONSIDERATION :-

p = 100 Ast = 100 x 460 = 0.32%
bd 300 x 484

Fs = 0.58 fy [Ast (req.)]
Ast (pro.)

= 0.58 x 415 x( 345/ 460)

= 180 N/mm

for pt = 0.32% &fs = 180 N/mm

kt = 1.8



61 | P a g e



( l) = 20 kt
d max.

= 20 x 1.48 = 29.6

5100 = 10 < 29.6 ...............Hence ok.
484


CHECK FOR SHEAR :-

v = wl = 10770 x 4.8 = 25848 N
2 2

Nominal shear stress , tv = v
bd

= 25848 = 0.17 N/mm
2

300x484

max. ( tv) = 1.8 N/mm
2


Since tv <tc max. ............ Hence ok.

Assuming one bar to be bent up at 45near the support.


p = 100As = 100 x 2 x 153.5/ 300x 484

= 0.25 N/mm
2


For p = 0.21% (M20 grade concrete)







62 | P a g e



tc = 0.18 + [0.22 - 0.18] x ( 0.21 - 0.15)
0.25 - 0.15
= 0.204 N/mm
2


tv <tc Hence no Shear reinforcement in required.

Provide 8 mm|legged stirrups @ 300 mm clc . thought the
length

provide 2-12 mm anchor bar for holding stirrops.

CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH ( end enchroge)
at support :-

M
1
= ostAstj.d

Ast = 2 x 153.5 = 307 mm
2

M
1
= 230 x 307 x 0.9 x 484 = 30757716 N-mm

suppose the bar are given 90` at the centre of support

Lo = 8 = 8 x10 = 80 mm


M
1
+ Lo = 30757716 + 80 = 1269.9mm
v 25848

ld = st = 16 x 230 = 719
47 bd 4x 1.28

M
1
+ Lo > Lo .......... Hence code is safisty.
v





63 | P a g e


BEAM DESIGN :-

ocbc = 7 N/mm
2
,
ost = 230 N/mm
2


m = 13.33 ( from steel table..)
k= 0.29
j = 0.90
Q = 0.91 N/mm
2

( use M20grade conc. & Fe 415 steel)

Clear span of beam L = 3.2 m

let eff. depth of beam = d= 1 of span
10

= 3200 = 320mm
10
D = 320 +20 = 360

let eff. width of beam = 300 mm

Size of assumed section of bean = 300 x 360 mm

Distance b/w centre of support 3.2 + 0.3 = 3.5 m

eff. span = 3.5 m

LODING :-

Self wl.of beam = 0.3x 0.35 x 25000

= 2625 N/mm





64 | P a g e





Slab load = 7245 = 3623 N/m
2
+ 2935 = 6558 N/m

Total load = 9183 N/m.

Max. B.M .= wl
2
= 9183 x 3.5
2
= 14061.5 N-m
8 8

= 14061500 N-mm

Assume section us balanced

Qbd
2
= B.M

d = M = 14061500
Qb 0.91 x 300

= 227 mm < 320 mm

Adopt overal depth of beam, D = 360mm

Avavilable eff. depth assuming 12mm main bars.

d = 360 - 20- 08 - 12 = 326
2

( For mild exposure conditions nominal cover) of using 8 mm









65 | P a g e




Ast req. Ast. = M = 14061500
ost.j.d 230 x 0.9 x 320

= 212.3 mm
2



Area of one bar of 12 mm = II x 12
2 =
113.09 mm
2

4

No of bar req. = 212.3 = 1.9 Say 2 bar
113.09

Ast provided = 2 x 11.3.09 = 226 mm
2


CHECK FOR MIN RAINGORCEMENT:-

As = 0.85bd = 0.85 x 300 x 320
fy 415

= 196.6 mm
2


Provided steel is more than min req ....... Hence safe.

CHECK FOR DEPTH OF BEAM FROM DEFLECTION
CONSIDERATION :-

pt = 100ast = 100 x 226
bd 300 x 320
= 0.26 %

fs = 0.58 fy[ Ast (req.) ] = 216 N/mm
2

Ast(Provi)





66 | P a g e


For Pt = 0.27% of fs = 216 N/mm
2

kt= 1.5

(L) max = 20 kt
d
20x 1.5 = 30

30500 = 10.9 < 30 Hence ok.
320


CHECK FOR SHEAR :-

V = wl = 9183 x 302 = 14892.8 N
2 2

Shear stress tv = V = 14692 = 0.15N/mm
2

bd 300x320

tc max >tv Hence ok .

No shear reinforcement req .

using 8 mm 2 legged stirrups

Asv = 2 x t x 8
2
= 100.53 mm
3

4

Max spacing as per min shear rainforce us .

Sv = 0.87 Asv fy = 0.87 x 100.53 x 250 = 180 mm
0.4b 0.4 x30





67 | P a g e



Provide 8mm mm 2 legged stirrups @ 180 mm c/c throughout length

Provide 2-12mm anchor bar for holding stirrups .

CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH :-

M
1
= stAstjd

Ast = 2 x 113.09 = 226 mm
2

M
1
= 230x 226 x 0.9x 320 = 14970240 N-mm

V = 14692 N

Suppose the bars are given a 90
0
bend at center of support ,Its anchorage
value

L
o
=8 = 8x12=96mm

M
1
+L
o
= 14970240 + 96 = 1115mm
V 14692

L
d
= st = 12 x 230 = 539mm
4 t
bd
4 x 1.28

Since M
1
+ L
o
> L
d

V .............. Hence Safe.






68 | P a g e

ocbc = 7 N/mm
2

ost = 230 N/mm
2

m = 13.83
k = 0.29
j = 0.90
Q = 0.91N/mm
2

Clear span of beam l = 2.8 m

let eff. depth of beam d = 1 x span
10
= 1/10 x 2.8 m = 280 mm

D = 280 + 40 = 320 mm

Let eff width of beam = 300 mm

Size of assumed section of beam = 300 x 320 mm

Distance b/w centre of support = 2.8 + .3 = 3.1 m

Eff span = 3.1 m

LOADING :-

Self wt. of beam = 0.3 x 0.31 x 25000 = 2325 N/mm
2


Slab load = 7245/2 = 3623 + 2935 = 6558 N/m

Total load = 8883 N/m
2







69 | P a g e

Max. B.m. = wl
2
/8 = 8883 x 2.8
2
/8 = 8705.34N-m

=8705340 N-mm

Assume section is balanced

GGKKQbd
2
= m

d = M/Qb = 178.6mm

178.6 < 280 mm

Adopt overall depth of beam, D = 320mm

Avavilable eff. depth assuming 12 bar main bars

d= 320 - 20 - 08 -12/2 = 286 mm

Ast. req. = m/ ost.j.d = 8705340/ 230 x 0.9 x 280 = 150 mm
2


Area of one bar of 12 mm = t/4 x 12
2
= 113.5 mm
2

No. of bar req = 150/113 = 1.33 say 2 bars

Ast provided = 2 x 113.5 = 226 mm
2

CHECK FOR MIN RAINFORCEMENT :-

Ast.
pro
= 0.58bd/ fy = 0.58 x 300 x 280/ 415 = 117.4 mm
2


Provided Ast. is more than the req. Ast. ............ Hence safe

CHECK FOR DEPTH OF BEAM FROM DEFLECTION CONSIDERATION

pt = 100 Ast./ bd = 100 x 226/ 300x 230 = 0.27



70 | P a g e

fs = 0.58 fy ( Ast. seq.
Ast. pro.

= 160 N/mm
2

for pt. = 0.27 &fs = 160 N/mm
2

kt. = 2.0

(l/ d)
max.
= 20 kt. = 20 x 20 = 40

3100 = 11 < 40 ............. HENCE OK
280

CHECK FOR SHEAR :-

V = WL = 8883 X 2.8
2 2
= 12436.2 N

Shear srtess = tv = V/ bd = 0.15

tc max. =tv . ................... Hence ok

No shear reinforcement is required.

Using 8 mm | 2 legged stirrups...

Asv. = 2x t x 8
2
= 100.50 mm
2
2

max. spacing as per min. shear reinforcement

Sv = 0.87 Asv fy = 0.87 x 100.53 x 250 = 180 mm
0.4 b 0.4 x 300



71 | P a g e

Provide 8 mm | 2 legged stirrups @ 180 c/c throught the length.

Provide 2- 12 mm | anchor bar for holding stirrups.

CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH ( END ANCHOR BAR AT SUP
PORT) :-

M
1
= ost.Ast.j.d

Ast. = 230 x 113.09 = 226 mm
2

M
1
= 230 X 226 X 0.90 X 280 = 13098960 N-mm

V = 12436.2 N

Suppose the bar are given a 90 bend at the centre of support , its enchorage
value
Lo = 8 x | = 12 x 8 = 96 mm

M
1
+ Lo = 13098960 + 96 = 1149 mm
V 12436.2

L
d
= | ost = 12 x 230 = 539 mm
4 t
bd
4 x 1.28

M
1
+ Lo > L
d
................ Hence OK
V









72 | P a g e



COLUMN DESIGN at corner :-

Load on coloum=3667.5+4442+(self load )
= 3667.5+4442+7650+550 K-N =565759 N/m
occ = 5 N/mm
2

osc = 190 N/mm
2

Actual length of column l = 3.4 m

Eff. length of column l = 3.4 mm = 3400 mm

Longitudnal steel in column varies from 0.8 - 6 %

Assume 2% of steel

Asc=2/100 xAg =0.02Ag
Ac = Ag -Asc = Ag -0.02Ag = 0.98 Ag
P = ccAc = scAsc
566Kn =5 x .98Ag +190 x 0.02Ag
566000 = 8.7Ag
Ag=65057.47 mm
2


Assuming the coloum to be square

Side of square coloum req. = 66057 =255

Hence Adopt sige of column =260 x 260 mm

Ag (Provided) =260 x 260 = 67600 mm
2

Check whether the coloum is long or short.

leff./b = 3400 /260 = 13.1 >12

It is a long coloum.


73 | P a g e




Reducation co- efficient, C
r
=1.25 -l eff.
4

= 1.25 -3400/48 x 260 = 0.98

Safe load, P = Cr ( occ Ac + oscAsc)

= Cr ( occ (Ag - Asc) + occAsc)

566 x 10
3
= 0.98 x(5(67600 -Asc) +190Asc )
234760 = .98 x(338000 -5Asc +190Asc

234760 = 181.3 Asc
.. Asc =1295mm
2

Min. St. req. = 0.8% of Ag

=0.8 x 67600 =540.8

Provide Asc = 1285 mm
2


Assuming 20 mm bar to be used as longitudinal steel

Area of one 8 mm = II/4 x20
2
=314.5mm
2

no. of bar req. = 1295/314.5 =4.12 Say 4 bar

Provide 4 bar of 20 mm

(Actual area of st. Provided ) =4 x 314 = 1256 mm
2

DESIGN OF LINKS :-
a) Dia. of lateral tiesshould be greater than
:- 6 mm
:- 1/4 x 2 = 5mm


74 | P a g e

COLUMN DESIGN :-

Load on column = 5885 + 4442 + 4442 + 550000 + 7650 = 572419N/m
occ = 5 N/mm
2
osc = 190 N/mm
2

Actual length column = 3.4m

eff. length of column = eff. = L = 3.4 m = 3400 mm

Longitudinal steel in column varies from 0.6% - 6%

Assume 1% of steel

Asc = 1/100 of Ag = 0.01 Ag

Ac = Ag - Asc = Ag - 0.0 1 Ag = 0.99 Ag

p = occ Ac + oscAsc

573 x 10
3
= 5x 0.99Ag + 190 x 0.01Ag

573 x 10
3
= 6.85 Ag

Ag = 83043.5

Assume the column to be square

side of column square = 83044 = 288 say = 290 mm

Hence Adopt size of column = 290 x 290mm

.. Ag (Provided) = 290 x 290 = 84100mm
2

Check whether the column is long or short

l eff./b = 3400/290 = 11.72 < 12




75 | P a g e


safe load an column = P = occ ac + oscAsc

= 5 x ( Ag - Asc ) = scAsc

573 x 10
3
= 5(84100 - Asc ) + 190 Asc

573 x10
3
= 420500 - 5 Asc + 190 Asc

152500 = 185 Asc

Asc = 821.6 mm
2

Min. steel req. of column = 0.8% of Ag

= 0.8/100 x 84100 = 673mm
2
Provide Asc = 821.6mm
2

Assuming 18 mm bars to be used as longitudinal steel

Area of one 18 number = II/4x 18
2
= 254.5 mm
2

No. of bar req. = 82/ 254.5 = 3.25 say = 4 bar

Provide 4 bass of 18 mm

(Actual area of steel provided = 4 x 254.5 = 1018mm
2











76 | P a g e

DESIGN OF LINKS :-

a) Dia of lateral ties should be greater than
1) 6mm
2) 1/4 x 18 = 4.5mm
Privide 6mm lateral ties

b) Spaving or pitch of lateral ties should be the least of tououring :-
1) Least lateral diminision of column = 290 mm
2) 16 x18 = 288 mm
Provide 6 mm lateral ties @ 290 mm C/c






























77 | P a g e


SUMMARY OF DESIGN :-

Size of column = 290mm x 290 mm
Main steel = 4 bars of 18 mm |
Links = 6mm @ 290 mm c/c
Bearing capacity of soil = po = 200 KN/m
2
= 200 x 10
3
N/m
2


b= 260mm = 0.26m
ocbc = 7N/mm
2
, fck = 20 N/mm
2

ost = 230 N/mm
2

Design constant :-
m= 13.13
k=0.29
j= 0.90
Q=0.91 N/mm
2

SIZE OF FOOTING :-

Load of column = 566 KN + 56.6 (10% of column) = 622.6KN

wt .of footing of back fill, W
1
= 622.6 x 10/100 = 62.3KN

(Assume w
1
as 10% of w
)

Area of footing = W + w
1

Bearing capacity of soil

= 622.6 x 10
3
+62.3 x 10
3
= 3.4 m
2

200 x 10
3
let B = one side of square footing

B x B = 3.4 m
2

B = 3.4 = 1.85 say 1.9 m

Adopt size of fotting = 1.9m x 1.9m

78 | P a g e

Net up ward soil Pressure ( p)
Net upward soil pr. p) = W
B xB
= 622.6 x 10
3
= 172465.4 N/m
2

1.9 x 1.9


DEPTH OF FOOTING :-

tv < K t
c

where k = 0.5 + |c ( |c = 260/260 = 1)

= 0.5 + 1 = 1.5 >1
K = 1
tv =tc = 0.72 N/mm
2
= 720000 N/mm
2

CASE - 1 ( one - way action of fotting )

Shear force at critical section = p x B x [ 1/2(B-b)-d]

= 172465.4 x 1.9 x [ 1/2 x ( 1.9 -.26) -d] ...........i)

Shear force resisted by conc. = tc x B x d

= 720000 x 1.9 x d ......................... ii)

Eqvating i) of ii)

172465.4 x 1.9 x [ 1/2 x ( 1.9 - .26 ) -d ] = 720000 x 1.9 x d

141421.6 = 1509421.6 d

d = 0.1 m





79 | P a g e


CASE -II

The criticarscetion of two- way action of footing ( punching shear ) let
us:-
considered at a distance of d/2 from the periphery of the face of
column.

shear force at the cricalscetion

= P { B
2
- ( b+d)
2 )
}

= 172465.4 { 1.9
2
- ( o.26+d )
2
} ........................iii)

shear force resisted by conc.= Ic x 4 ( b+d ) x d

= 720000 x 4 ( 0.26+d ) x d ..............................iv)

Equating equation iii) & iv) and we get..

172465.4 {1.9
2
- (0.76 +d )
2
}=720000 x 4 ( 0.26+d ) xd

3.6- ( 0.26+d )
2 =
16.7 (0.26+ d) xd

3.6- (0.07 +d
2
+0.52d) =4.3d + 16.7 d
2

3.43-d
2
- 0.52d = 4.3d + 16.7d
2

17.7d
2
+ 4.82d - 3.43 = 0

d
2
+0.27d-0.2=0

d = -0.27+ [(.27)
2
-4 x ( 0.2 )
2 x 1

= -0.27+0.9= 0.33m

(neglect - sign)



80 | P a g e

Depth of footing shall be greater of case I & II

d=0.33 m= 330mm.

CHECK OF BENDING MOMENT for depth of footing

Critical scetion for B.M. is considered at the face of column.

B.M. = p x B/8 x (B-b)
2
=172445 x 1.7 x ( 1.9- 0.26)
2
8
=110167 N-m = 110167000 N-mm ................v)

Moment of resistance = Qbd
2

=0.91 x 1.9 x 1000 xd
2
........... vi)

Equating equation. v) & vi) we get..

110167 x 10
3
= 0.91x 1.9 x 1000x d
2

d = 252.4 mm < 330mm (provided value)

.. This is all right

STEEL REQUIRED :-

Ast. in each direction = B.M./ ost.j.d

= 110167 x 1000/ 230x 0.90x 330

= 1612 mm
Hence provide 11 bar of 14 mm | bar ( HYSD) uniformly spaced in
the width of 1.9 m in each direction at right angle to each other.







81 | P a g e

CHECK FOR DEVELOPE MENT LENGTH :-

Developement length = Ld = | ost./ 4 tbd

= 539 mm

providing side cover of 50 mm

Avavilable length = 1/2 ( 1900 - 260) -50

= 770 mm

Which is more than Ld, ... Hence safe.

SUMMARY OF DESIGN :-

D = d +|/2 + clear cover

= 330 + 14/2 + 50 = 386 mm
say 390 mm

steel 11bar of 14 | both- way.













82 | P a g e

COLUMN FOOTING DESIGN:-


Let bearing capacity of soil po = 200 KN/m
2

= 200x 10
3
N/m
2

b = 290 mm
ocbc = 7 N/mm
2
&fck = 20 N/m
2
ost = 280 N/mm
2

1)

DESIGN CONSTANT :-
m= 13.13
k= 0.29
j = 0.90
Q= 0.91 N/mm
2

2) SIZE OF FOOTING :-

Load on column = 572 KN + 85.8 (15% of column) = 658 KN

Wt. of footing of back fill w
1
= 658 x 10/100 = 65.8 KN

Area of footing = w + w
1
bearing capacity of soil

= 658 x10
3
+ 65.8 x 10
3
= 3.6
200 x 10
3

Let B one side of square footing

B x B = 3.6 m
2
B = 1.9024 say 1.9 m

Adopt size of footing = 1.9 m x 1.9 mm

Net upward soil pressure (p)
P = w/BxB = 658 x10
3
/1.9 x 1.9
= 182271.5 N/m
2
3) DEPTH OF FOOTING =tv < k tc


83 | P a g e

where k = 0.5 + |c ( | = 290 = 1 )
290
= 0.5 +1 + 1.5 = 1
k = 1

tc = 0.16 fck = 0.16 x 20 = 0.72 N/mm
2

tv = tc = 0.72 N/mm
2
= 720000N/m
2

CASE :- I

Shear force at critical section = p x B x [ 1/2(B-b) -d]

=182271.5 x 2.9 x[ 1/2x [ 11-0.29) -d ] .................. i)

Shear force resisted by conc. = x B x d

= 720000 x 1.9.x d ..................................... (ii)

Equating (i) & (ii) we get

182271.5 x R.9 x { x ( 1.9-0.29 ) d = 720000 x 1.0 x d

0.805 d = 3.9d

d = 0.164 m









84 | P a g e


CASE II
Shear force aty critical section = [ b2- ( (b+d )]

= 182271.5 ( 1.9
2
- (.29+d
2
) - (iii)

Shear force sestid by conc.= x4 ( b+d ) xd

= 720000 x 4 (0.29+d ) xd - (iv)

Eequatingequ. ( iii) & iv )

182271.5 [1.9
2
- ( .29+d)
2
] = 720000 x
4x
( 0.29 +d ) xd

3.6- ( 0.29+d)
2
] = 15.8 ( 0.29+d ) xd

3.6 (0.084+d
2
+58
d
) 4.7
d
+ 1
5
.8d
2


3.5 -d
2
- 0.58
d
= 4.7 d + 1
5
.8d
2


16.8d
2
+ 4.12 - 3.5 = 0

d
2
+ 0.25- 0.21 = 0

d= 0.25 + 25
2
-4 x ( 0.25 )

d = 0.7 m = 0.35
2

Depth of footing shell be greeter of

CASE :- I & II

d= 0.35= 350 mm






85 | P a g e

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT FOR DEPTH FOOTING :-

B.M.= P x B ( B-b)
2

8
=182271.5 x 1.9 ( 0.9-0.29 )
2
8



12210.7 N-m. =112210.7x 10
3
N/ mm
2



Mommet of resistance , A Bd
2
- v

= 0.91 x 1.9 x 1000 xd
2 ..................
- vi)

Equatry v & vi

112210.7 x 10
3
= 0.91 x 1.9 x1000xd
2

d= 254. < 350 mm (Provided value)

:- This is all right

Steel req. =

Area of st. req. in each direction,

Ast = B.M./ | 6st.j.d

= 112210.7x10
3
=1548.8mm
2

230x0.9x350
Providing 14 mm bars

Area of one bar of 14 mm = 153.5mm
2


No of bar reg. = 1538.8=10.08
153.5
= say 10 bars


86 | P a g e

Hence provided 10 bars of 14 mm bar HYSD Fe 415 ( assumed the width
1.9 m in each direction at right engle to each other

.. CHECK FOR DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH :-

Development ength, Ld = st
4 t



= 539 mm



Providing side coner of 50 mm

Avavilableength = 1/2 ( 1900-1290)-50

=755 mm

Hence, which us more than Ld,

..........................Hence safe.

SUMMARY DESIGN :-

D = d+ /2 + clear cover
= say 410mm

steel 10 bar of 14 mm bath way




87 | P a g e

DESIGN OF LINTEL OVER DOOR :-

Clear span = L = 1200 mm

Bearing = 200 both side

eff. l = 1200 + 200 = 1400mm

Assume D= l/ 10 = 1400/ 10 = 140 mm

D= 140 mm

LOAD :-

self wt. of lintel
w1 = 0.14 x 0.3 x 25000 = 1050 N/ m

Load of masonary
w2 = 0.30 x 0.7 x 19200 = 4032 N/ m

Total load :
W = w1 + w2

= 1050 + 4032
= 5082 N/ m

B.M. = wl /8 = 1245 N-m

= 1245 x 10 N-m

M = Qbd

d = m/ Qb = 1245 x 1000/ 0.91 x 300

= 67.5 mm < 140 ............Hence safe.
D = 140mm



88 | P a g e

d = 140 - 20 - 8 - 10/2 = 109 mm

or say d = 110mm

Assumed d > calculated d
........ Hence safe.

Ast. = M/ ost = 1245 x 1000/ 230 x 0.9 x 110

= 54.68 mm

Assume 8 mm | bar = t /4 x (8x 8) = 50.24 mm

No. of bar = 54.68/ 50.24 = 1.2
= say 2 bar 8 mm |

Ast. = 2x 50.74 = 102 mm

CHECK MIN. REINFORCEMENT :-

Min. Ast. = 0.85 x b x d/ fy = 0.85 x 300 x 110/ 415

= 67.6 mm < 102 mm ..........Hence safe

CHECK FOR DEPTH :-

pt = 100 Ast/ b x d

= 100 x 102/ 300 x 110 = 0.31

pt = 0.31 %

fs = 0.58 fy ( Ast req./ Ast pro.)
= 0.58 x 415 ( 54.6/ 102)
= 128.8




89 | P a g e

from table
kt = 1.2

(l/ d)max. > (l/d) provided

20 kt> 1400/ 110

20 x 1.2 > 12

24 > 12 .............. Hence safe.

CHECK FOR SHEAR :-

V = wl/2 = 5080 x 1.2/2= 3048 N

tv = V/ bd = 3048/ 300 x 110 = 0.1

cmax. = 1.8 N/mm

pt. = 1.47 % & M-20

tc = 0.28

tv >tc <tcmax. ............Design safe.











90 | P a g e



















91 | P a g e


BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF BEAM (5.1 x 0.3):-
Main steel bar 16 mm|
Main bent up bar 16 mm|
Anchor bar 12 mm|
Stirrups 8 mm |

1. Length of main steel bar 16mm |
No. of bar = 2
Length of bar , L = Clear span + bearing
= 4.8 + 0.3 = 5.1 m
Total length of bar = L + 2 hooks (2x9 D)
= 5.1 + (18 x 0.016)
= 5.088 m

2. Main bent up bar 16 mm|
No. of bar = 1

Length of bar = L = Clear span + bearing
= 5.1 m
Total length of bar = L + 2 hooks + 0.84 for two- bent up
= 5.1 + (18x 0.016) + (0.84x 0.10)
= 5.472 m
3. Anchor bar 12 mm|
No. of bar = 2
Length of bar = L = 5.1m
Total length of bar = L + 2 hooks
= 5.1+ (2(9) x 0.012)
= 5.316 m
4. Stirrups 8 mm| @ 180 c/c
L = 5.1 m
No. of stirrups at 5 cm c/c at end = 2 No.

92 | P a g e

No. of stirrups at 18 cm c/c in b/w = 510-10/18 = 28
Total No. of stirrups = 2 + 28= 30

Length of one stirrups = 2(44+ 22) + 30 = 162 cm
= 1.62 m

Schedule of Bars (R.C.C. Beam).
Sr.
no.
Description Shape Length No. Total
length (m)
Wt./m
length
Total wt.
(kg)
1. Main steel bar
16mm |

5.39 2 10.78 1.58 17.0
2. Main bent up bar
16mm |

5.5 1 5.50 1.58 8.7
3 Anchor bar
12mm |

5.32 2 10.64 0.89 9.4
4. Stirrups 8 mm|

1.6 30 48 0.4 19.2
Total 54.30 kg










93 | P a g e


BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR BEAM (3.1 x 0.30):-
Main steel bar 12 mm|
Anchor bar 12 mm|
Stirrups 8 mm |


1. Length of main steel bar 12mm |
No. of bar = 2
Length of bar , L = Clear span + bearing
= 2.8 + 0.3 = 3.1 m
Total length of bar = L + 2 hooks (2x9 D)
= 3.1 + (18 x 0.012)
= 3.32 m

2. Anchor bar 12 mm|
No. of bar = 2
Length of bar = L = 3.1m
Total length of bar = L + 2 hooks
= 3.1+ (2(9) x 0.012)
= 3.32 m

3. Stirrups 8 mm| @ 180 c/c
L = 3.1 m
No. of stirrups at 5 cm c/c at end = 2 No.
No. of stirrups at 18 cm c/c in b/w = 300-10/18 = 16
Total No. of stirrups = 2 + 16 = 18
Length of stirrups = 2 (27 cm + 25 cm) + 30 extra
= 134 cm = 1.34 m
So total length of 16 nos. stirrups each.

94 | P a g e





Sr. no. Description Shape Length No. Total length
(m)
Wt./m
length
Total wt.
(kg)
1. Main steel
bar12 mm
|

3.32 2 6.64 0.89 5.91
2. Anchor bar
12mm |

3.32 2 6.64 0.89 5.91
3. Stirrups 8
mm|

1.34 16 21.44 0.4 8.6
Total 20.4 kg



BAR BENDINGSCHEDULEFORCOLUMN (0.3x 0.3)

1. 14mm| bar in base footing
2. 18mm| bar vertical
3. 6 mm| ties@ 290 mm c/c

1. 11 bar 14 mm|
C/c spacing = 1900/11 = 172 mm
Total No. of bar = 11+ 11 = 22 no.
Total length of bar= 1.6 + 2 hooks
= ( 1.6 + ( 18 x 0.014)
= 1.85 m

95 | P a g e

Total bar length = 22x 1.85 = 40.7 m


2. 16 mm 18 | vertical bar
No. of bar = 4 no.
Total length of bar = 3+ 0.4 + 0.20 + 12d +0.20
= 4 m

3. 6 mm| tie bar @ 290 C/c
No. of tie = (300+ 40)/2+ 1 = 12.7
4(250) + 24 x 0.08
= = say 13 no.

Length = 4 C + 24 D
= 1001.9 mm
= 1.01 m

Schedule of Bars (R.C.C. square column)
Sr.
no.
Description Shape Length No. Total length
(m)
Wt./m
length
Total wt.
(kg)
1.

14 mm | bar

1.85 22 40.7 1.2 49
2. 18 mm |
vertical bar

4 4 16 1.58 25.3
3. 6 mm| tie @
29 cm c/c

1.01 13 13.13 0.22 2.9
Total 72.2 kg




96 | P a g e


BAR BENDINGSCHEDULE FOR SLAB (51.1x 12.6)
1. Main bar of 10 mm | @ 190 mm c/c
L = Length - 2 cover
= 12.6 2x 0.04
= 12.52 m
Total length of main bar
= 12.52 + 2 hooks
= 12.52 + ( 18x 0.010)
= 12.7 m
No. of bar = (51.1/.38) + 1 = (51100/ 380) + 1
= 135.4 no. say 136 no.

2. Bent up bar of 10 mm | @ 190 mm c/c
= 12.6 + bearing 2 cover + 2 bent-up + 2 hooks
= 12.6 + 0.20 (2x 0.04) + ( 2 x.0.42 x 0.06) + (2 x 0.010)
= 12.8 m
No. of bent-up bar = 51.1/ .38 = 134.4 say 135 no.

3. Distribution bar 8 mm | @ 270 mm c/c
Length of straight bar = 51.1 2 end cover + 2 hooks
= 51.1 0.08 + ( 18 x 0.008)
= 51.2 m
No. of bars = 12.6/ .27 = 1260 / 270
= 46.6 say 47 no.


97 | P a g e




Sr.
no.
Description Shape Length No. Total
length (m)
Wt./m
length
Total wt.
(kg)
1. Main bar 10
mm | @ 190
mm c/c

12.7 136 1727.2 0.62 1107.1
2. Main bent-
up bar10 mm
| @ 190 c/c

12.8 135 1728 0.62 1072.1
3. Distribution
bars 8 mm |
@ 270 mm c/c

51.2 47 358.4 0.39 139.8
Total 2318 kg = 23.18 quintal



BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR LINTEL
Main straight bar 8 mm |
Anchor bar 8 mm |
Stirrups 6 mm | @ 150 mm c/c
1. Main straight bar of 8 mm |
No. of bars = 2
Length of bar = L + bearing end cover
= 1.2 + 0.20 0.08 = 0.92 m
= 92 cm

98 | P a g e

Total length of bar = L + 2 hooks
= 0.92 + (18 x 0.082)
= 1.06 m = 106 cm
So total length of main bar 8 mm | = 1.14 m each

2. Anchor bar 8 mm |
No. of bars = 2
Length of bar L= 0.92 m
Total length of bar = 106 cm

3. Stirrups 6 mm | @ 150 c/c
No. of stirrups at 5 cm c/c at the end = 2 no.
No. of stirrups at 8 cm in b/w = 92 - 10 8 = 8.25 say 9
Total no. of stirrups = 2+9 = 11 no.
Length of one stirrups = 2(22+90) + 30 extra
= 72 cm = 0.72 m
Total length of 11 no. stirrups 6 mm | = 0.72 each



Sr.
no.
Description Shape Length No. Total
length (m)
Wt./m
length
Total wt.
(kg)
1. Main st. bar
8 mm |

1.06 2 2.12 0.4 0.85
2. Anchor bar
8 mm |

1.06 2 2.12 0.4 0.85

99 | P a g e

3. Stirrups 6
mm |

0.72 11 7.92

0.4 3.2
Total 4.9 kg
























100 | P a g e
















101 | P a g e

ABSTRACT OF QUANTITY

C. CONC. in foundation

Total = 54.1 m
3


Ratio = 1:6:18

Sum = 1+6+18 = 23

Total dry mortar for 34.1 m3 c.conc. = 1.54 x 54.1 =83.3 m
3


Cement = 1/ 23 x 83.3 = 3.62 m
3


= 3.62/ 0.03472 = 104.4 bags
= say 105 bags

Sand = 6/23 x 83.3 = 21.7 m
3


Aggregates = 18/ 23 x 83.3 = 65.2 m
3






102 | P a g e

D.P.C.

Total = 80.7 m
2
= 80.7 x 0.04 = 3.2 m
3



Total dry mortar for 3.2 m
3
c.conc = 3.2 X 1.54 = 5.0m
3


Cemant = 1/ 7 x 5.0 = 0.71 m
3
= 20.4 bags,
Say 21 bags

Sand = 2/ 7 x 5.0 = 1.43 m
3


Aggregate = 6/ 7 x 5.0 = 4.3 m
3



Lintel


Total = 4.8 m
3



Total dry mortar for 4.8 m
3
c.conc = 4.8 X 1.54 = 7.4m
3


Cemant = 1/ 7 x 7.4 = 1.1 m
3
= 30.4 bags,

103 | P a g e

Say 31 bags

Sand = 2/ 7 x 7.4 = 2.1m
3


Aggregate = 6/ 7 x 7.4 = 6.3 m
3



COLUMN

Total = 136.6 m
3
c.conc.

Ratio = 1:2:4
Sum = 1+2+4 = 7

Total dry mortar for 136.6 m
3
c.conc. = 1.54 x 136.6 = 210.4 m
3


Cement = 1/ 7 x 210.4 = 30.2 m
3

= 866.7 bags
Say 867 bags

Sand = 2/ 7 x 210.4 = 60.1 m
3


Aggregate = 6/ 7 x 210.4 = 180.3 m
3




104 | P a g e


BEAM

Total = 124.2 m
3


Ratio = 1:2:4
Sum = 1+2+4 = 7

Total dry mortar for 124.2 m
3
c. conc. = 1.54 x 124.2 = 191.3 m
3


Cement = 1/ 7 x 191.2 = 27.3 m
3

= 786.7bags
= 787 bags

Sand = 2/ 7 x 191.3 = 54.7 m
3


Aggregate = 6/ 7 x 191.3 = 163.9 m
3


SLAB

Total = 172.3 m
3

Ratio = 1:2:4
Sum = 1+2+4 = 7


105 | P a g e

Total dry mortar for 172.3 m
3
c. conc. = 1.54 x 172.3 = 265.3 m
3


Cement = 1/ 7 x 265.3 = 37.9 m
3

= 1092.3bags
= 1093 bags

Sand = 2/ 7 x 265.3 = 75.8 m
3


Aggregate = 6/ 7 x 265.3 = 227.3 m
3



BRICK WORK


Total B.W. in foundation = 96.5 m
3


Bricks for 1 m
3
= 500 nos.

Bricks for 96.5 m
3
= 96.5 x 500 = 48250 nos.


Total B.W. in super structure = 439 m
3


Bricks for 1 m
3
= 500 nos.


106 | P a g e

Bricks for 439 m
3

= 439 x 500 = 219500 nos.



FINISHING

Total finishing inside (1:6) = 1897.5 m
2

Quantity of wet mortar = surface area x thickness
= 1897.5 x 0.12
= 21.9 say 22 m
3


Quantity of dry mortar = 22 x 1.2 = 26.4 m
3


Ratio = 1:6
Sum = 1+6= 7

Cement = 1/ 7 x 26.4 = 3.8 m
3

Say 109 bags
Sand = 6/ 7 x 26.4 = 22.6 m
3




Total finishing otside (1:5) = 781.5 m
2


107 | P a g e


Quantity of wet mortar = surface area x thickness
= 781.5 x 0.012
= 9.4 say 10 m
3


Quantity of dry mortar = 10 x 1.2 = 12.0 m
3

Ratio = 1:5
Sum = 1+ 5 = 6

Cement = 1/ 6 x 12.0 = 2.0 m
3

Say 58 bags
Sand = 5/ 6 x 12.0 = 10 m
3



Lime for White Washing

Total quantity = 3034 m
2


Th. = 2.5 mm

Volume = 3034 x 0.0025 = 7.5 m
3


Waste = 25 % = 7.5 + 7.5/ 100 = 7.8 m
3



108 | P a g e

Total dry volume = 7.8 x 20/100 + 7.8 = 9.36 m
3


Paint

Total quantity = 334 m
2

Paint 1.5 lit. for 10 m
2
@
Steel bar

Total Steel in Beam (5.1 x 0.3):-

Steel in one beam = 54.30 kg

No. of beam = 68

Total steel in beam = 54.30 x 68 = 3692.4 kg = 36.92 quintal


Total steel in beam (3.1 x 0.3):-

Steel in one beam = 20.4 kg

No. of beam = 128

109 | P a g e


Total steel in beam = 20.4 x 128 = 2611.2 kg = 26.11 quintal


Total steel in slab (51.1 x 12.6):- = 2320 kg = 23.20 quintal


Total steel in column (0.3 x 0.3):-

Steel in one column = 72.5 kg

No. of column = 136

Total steel in column = 72.5 x 136 = 9860 kg = 98.60 quintal












110 | P a g e
















111 | P a g e




ABSTRACT OF COST:-


S. No. Particulars Quantity Rates
Rs. P.
Amount
Rs. P.
1.

Cement bags 3071 no. 250.0/ bag 7,67,750/-
2.

Sand 205 m
3
500.0/ m
3
1,02,500/-
3.

Aggregate 635 m
3
650.0/ m
3
4,12,750/-
4.

Bricks 2,67,750 no. 3.2/ brick 8,56,800/-
5.


Lime for washing 3034 m
2
100 m
2
/ 50 kg @
2250/ quintal
34,132/-
6.


White washing 3034m
2
10.0/ ft.
2
3,26,600/-
7.

Tiles 14294 no. 3.5/ Tile 50,028/-

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8.

Wood works
Door
Window
Ventilator

36 no.
56 no.
07 no.

3000.00/ piece
2500.00/ piece
1000.00/ piece

1,08,000/-
1,40,000/-
7,000/-

9.

Steel bars
Bar 18 mm
Bar 16 mm
Bar 14 mm
Bar 12 mm
Bar 10 mm
Bar 08 mm
Bar 06 mm

34.40 quintal
17.50 quintal
33.32 quintal
21.50 quintal
21.80 quintal
27.02 quintal
07.86 quintal

3400.0/ quintal
3450.0/ quintal
3500.0/ quintal
3550.0/ quintal
3600.0/ quintal
3900.0/ quintal
4000.0/ quintal

1,16,960/-
60,375/-
1,17,320/-
76,325/-
78,480/-
1,05,378/-
31,440/-

Total 33,91,838/-

Architectural Design & Drawing @ 15% of total cost 5,08,780/-

Water Supply & Sanitary installation & 10 % of total cost 3,39,184/-
Electricity installation @ 12 % of total cost 4,07,020/-
Other services @ 6 % of total cost 2,03,510/-
Total 48,50,332/-


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Add contingencies 5 % overall 2,42,520/-
Supervision charge3 % overall 1,45,510/-

Grand Total 52,38,362/-



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